Elaine J. Hanford's Bulletin Boards: 1) Geoscience; 2) Environmental Science; 3) Coastal Zone Management - 28 December 2020

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Here are Elaine's BBs as a PDF and a Word document:

PDF: Download Bulletin_Boards_28Dec2020

Word: Download Bulletin_Boards_28Dec2020

Note: If a link does not work, try pasting the URL into your browser. 

Check out Elaine's coronavirus/COVID-19 section in the ES BB.

Geoscience Bulletin Board – 28 December 2020 – compiled by Elaine J. Hanford

Kilauea erupts – current updates – photos – video - webcams

• https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/current-eruption?qt-science_support_page_related_con=0#qt-science_support_page_related_con
• https://www.usgs.gov/news/k-lauea-volcano-erupts-0
• https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hawaiian-volcano-observatory
• Lava Lake: https://phys.org/news/2020-12-lava-lake-hawaii-volcano-erupts.html

Seeking trigger for massive landslide in British Columbia

• https://www.theweathernetwork.com/ca/news/article/researchers-seek-cause-of-massive-b-c-rockslide-that-carved-a-new-canyon
• https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/science-team-seeks-cause-massive-bc-rockslide-1.5846037

Kuril-Kamchatka Trench is trap for micro-plastics – analysis of abyssal & hadal sediments

• https://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/44866/20201219/pacific-oceans-kuril-kamchatka-trench-microplastics-trap.htm

Rainwater percolation pits using harvested rainwater temporarily raise shallow groundwater levels

• https://www.deccanherald.com/city/top-bengaluru-stories/percolation-pits-push-up-lalbagh-groundwater-by-20-feet-929042.html

Magnetic fields of Earth and other planets & moons

• https://eos.org/features/a-field-guide-to-the-magnetic-solar-system

Impact of the magnetic field of Earth on the evolution of life

• https://eos.org/science-updates/habitability-and-the-evolution-of-life-under-our-magnetic-shield

Variations in the magnetic field of Earth over time

• https://eos.org/features/the-herky-jerky-weirdness-of-earths-magnetic-field

Heliophysics

• https://eos.org/editor-highlights/the-cosmic-timeline-of-heliophysics
• Paper: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020CN000137

Improving hurricane models by incorporating impacts of aerosol air pollution

• https://eos.org/articles/to-make-better-hurricane-models-consider-air-pollution

Corn syrup as a model for the effects of bubbles on the viscosity of lava

• https://eos.org/articles/corn-syrup-reveals-how-bubbles-affect-lavas-flow

Redistribution of mercury in the ocean – carrion form near the surface transport mercury to depths

• https://eos.org/articles/sinking-fish-may-fast-track-mercury-pollution-to-the-deep-sea

Warnings issued on weak snowpack – 3 skiers killed in Colorado avalanches

• https://www.npr.org/2020/12/22/949202644/3-skiers-killed-in-colorado-avalanches-as-authorities-warn-of-weak-snowpack

Vast swaths of subsea permafrost are experiencing lagged warming 12,000 years later

• https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Subsea_permafrost_is_still_waking_up_after_12000_years_999.html
• Paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abcc29

Proposed new system for categorizing minerals based historical context - James Dwight Dana had it right – chemical composition & crystal structure & not a can of worms

• https://phys.org/news/2020-12-scientists-philosopher-team-categorize-minerals.html
• Paper: pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.201570118

Gold miner hydraulic mining unearths 50,000+ year old preserved wolf pup in Canadian Yukon

• https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/12/yukon-gold-miner-unearths-a-mummified-ice-age-wolf-pup/
• http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/zhur-wolf-pup-09179.html

Using ground penetrating radar to measure soil properties without digging

• https://www.seeddaily.com/reports/Scientists_suggested_a_way_to_measure_soil_properties_at_any_ depth_without_digging_999.html

Deep, slow-slip action on megathrust EQs and subsequent tsunamis

• https://www.terradaily.com/reports/Deep_slow_slip_action_may_direct_largest_earthquakes_and_their_tsunamis_999.html

Adalatherium – “crazy beast” giant mouse lived alongside dinosaurs 66 myo

• https://www.terradaily.com/reports/Giant_mouse_relative_dubbed_crazy_beast_shared_Gondwana_with_dinosaurs_999.html

Old mine tailings & waste from Eastern Adirondacks potential source of Rare Earth Element Minerals

• https://www.usgs.gov/news/mine-waste-eastern-adirondacks-may-be-untapped-accessible-source-rare-earth-element-minerals

Erythrovenator jacuiensis – new meat-eating Triassic therapod dinosaur found in Brazil

• http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/erythrovenator-jacuiensis-09174.html
• https://medium.com/prehistoric-tales/newly-discovered-dinosaur-from-brazil-dubbed-godfather-of-t-rex-8f0e3b1a4bde

New explanation for rapid warming in the Arctic:  a series of great EQs – not “global warming”

• https://phys.org/news/2020-12-great-earthquakes-arctic.html

Nano-diamonds in oceanic rocks formed through low pressure & temperature geological processes

• https://scitechdaily.com/natural-nanodiamonds-in-oceanic-rocks-formed-through-low-pressure-and-temperature-geological-processes/
• Paper: http://www.geochemicalperspectivesletters.org/article2029/

Czech Republic shortlists 4 geological repository sites for nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste

• https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Czech-Republic-shortlists-geological-repository-si

Book Review:  “Geology Underfoot in Southern California”

• https://www.news.ucsb.edu/2020/020122/geology-around-us

If a tree fell in the Cretaceous forest then it probably smelled - angiosperms

• https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/columns/2020/12/20/column-if-tree-fell-prehistoric-forest-probably-smelled/3922947001/

Yellowstone fossils reveal history before the caldera

• https://www.thecheyennepost.com/news/state/caldera-chronicles-yellowstone-fossils-reveal-history-before-volcano/article_c69611b5-84eb-5fc1-a932-509aaed4dc21.html

Image of the Newberry Volcano from the ISS

• https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/147700/newberry-volcano

Field trip to Monterey Pass in York County, Pennsylvania

• https://www.ydr.com/story/opinion/2020/12/21/field-tripping-monterey-pass/3995729001/

In Memoriam:  Virgil Collins Chew ( - 2020) – author “Underfoot: geologic guide to Appalachian Trail”

• https://www.timesnews.net/obituary/virgil-collins-chew/article_eed91dac-4239-11eb-a217-1fc0b8f52887.html
• https://www.amazon.com/Underfoot-Geologic-Guide-Appalachian-Trail/dp/0917953592

The real color of the Moon

• https://www.zmescience.com/other/feature-post/the-real-color-of-the-moon-and-why-its-probably-not-what-you-think/

The “Big Bounce” rather than the “Big Bang”

• https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200117-what-if-the-universe-has-no-end

Deadly landslide at Carmen Copper Mine in the Philippines

• https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2020/12/24/carmen-copper-mine-1/

Environmental Science Bulletin Board – 28 December 2020 – compiled by Elaine J. Hanford

Biggest risk to survival of humans?  Humans themselves

• https://www.npr.org/2020/12/15/946765066/un-report-in-the-age-of-humans-the-dominant-risk-to-our-survival-is-ourselves
• UN 2020 Report: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf

Yosemite Enviro Law Conference:  Tribal Water Rights and Resources

• https://mavensnotebook.com/2020/12/16/yosemite-enviro-law-conference-tribal-water-rights-and-resources-in-a-changing-climate/

Sir David Attenborough has new series: “A Perfect Earth”

• https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/in-pictures-sir-david-attenboroughs-new-series-a-perfect-planet/

Landslides & floods in San Salvador

• http://www.ipsnews.net/2020/12/san-salvador-steps-battle-landslides-floods/

Iberian Lynx goes from brink of extinction to population of almost 1,000 in Spain

• https://www.yahoo.com/news/spain-toasts-lynx-success-species-183441502.html

Camels are dying with plastic clumps in their bellies - polybezoar

• https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-the-wednesday-edition-1.5844355/it-s-a-slow-death-camels-are-dying-with-masses-of-plastic-in-their-bellies-study-finds-1.5844357
• Paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140196320302731?via%3Dihub

Perspective:  Los Angeles feral cats need to be neutered – TNR program would reduce population by about 45,000 cats in 30 years

• https://www.yahoo.com/news/editorial-let-l-feral-cats-110056764.html

More must be done to protect Colorado River from drought – USBR guidelines provided “stability “

• https://www.yahoo.com/news/us-more-must-done-protect-180917944.html

“Border wall” around CHOP zone in Seattle prior to eviction and clearing

• https://www.yahoo.com/news/border-wall-built-around-seattle-122039626.html

Western Groundwater Congress – groundwater “sustainability plans” & the human “right” to water

• https://mavensnotebook.com/2020/12/17/western-groundwater-congress-sgma-and-the-human-right-to-water/

Oregon Humane Society takes 250 guinea pigs from overwhelmed pet owner

• https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/humane-society-takes-in-250-guinea-pigs-from-overwhelmed-owner-seeks-loving-forever-homes/ar-BB1c4Gkq
• https://www.opb.org/article/2020/12/17/oregon-humane-society-guinea-pigs-adoption/

Three 775-foot smokestacks of Navajo Generation Station coal plant demolished – cleanup of will follow

• https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/after-decades-of-activism-the-navajo-coal-plant-has-been-demolished/ar-BB1c4tmU

$68M Kentucky Lock Addition Project making progress – high-water challenges

• https://www.dvidshub.net/news/385344/general-gets-rundown-challenges-impacting-kentucky-lock-addition-project

Air pollution as official cause of death – particulate matter & nitrogen oxide levels exceeded guidelines

• https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/530470-air-pollution-listed-as-an-official-cause-of-death-in-the

Illegal wildlife trade is huge business online – global bazaar for multi-billion-dollar black market – massive number of Facebook pages and users

• https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/the-black-market-trade-in-wildlife-has-moved-online-and-the-deluge-is-dizzying/ar-BB1c2GkC

Dogs rescued from meat markets in China are adopted in the US

• https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/29-dogs-rescued-chinas-dog-211921769.html
• Rescue website: https://chinarescuedogs.org/

Semi-annual report on water resources in the California Delta – administering water in the next drought

• https://mavensnotebook.com/2020/12/22/delta-watermaster-preparing-for-possible-dry-times-ahead-in-the-delta/

Escalating costs ($67M to $731M is not sustainable) result in scaling back bridge earthquake retrofit work in Seattle

• https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/seattle-scales-back-earthquake-work-on-city-bridges-as-costs-soar/

Need to strategically locate restored or created wetlands near sources of pollution to reduce nitrogen

• https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/12/targeting-us-wetland-restoration-could-make-cleaning-water-much-cheaper

Impacts of urban growth on streamflow

• https://eos.org/articles/waterways-change-as-cities-grow-nearby

Precipitation partitioning by vegetation affects hydrologic & carbon cycles

• https://eos.org/articles/dirty-trees-shape-earths-hydrologic-and-carbon-cycles

Visualizing vaccine development timelines

• https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-race-to-save-lives-comparing-vaccine-development-timelines/

Ubiquity of plastic pellets – including 230,000+ tons entering the ocean each year

• https://www.npr.org/2020/12/22/946716058/big-oil-evaded-regulation-and-plastic-pellets-kept-spilling

Hawaii using CARES funds to reboot Depression-era Conservation Corps

• https://www.npr.org/2020/12/22/948826751/hawaii-reboots-depression-era-conservation-corps-using-pandemic-assistance-funds

Can rising costs of flood insurance be trimmed?  Not if you let people build (rebuild) in flood-prone areas

• https://www.npr.org/2020/12/18/947301680/millions-left-on-the-table-how-cities-can-do-more-to-battle-rising-flood-insuran

Big Pharma wants you to use drugs you do not need - $5.2B on ads promoting specific drugs

• https://highline.huffingtonpost.com/articles/en/sleep-advertising/

Permaculture practice of wood coppicing

• https://www.treehugger.com/permaculture-wood-coppicing-5084764

Retracing the Grand Portage of the 18^th century fur trade

• https://www.nationalparkstraveler.org/2020/12/retracing-voyageurs-path-along-grand-portage

Perspective:  FDA needs to account for cumulative health effects of chemicals when approving chemical additives to food

• https://www.ehn.org/health-issues-associated-with-food-additives-2649620272.html

Wildfire smoke is loaded with microbes – call to characterize such microbes and human health impacts

• https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/12/wildfire-smoke-is-loaded-with-microbes-is-that-dangerous/
• Paper: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6523/1408

Tracing the history of smallpox epidemics in London between 1664 and 1930

• https://www.terradaily.com/reports/Study_details_smallpox_epidemics_in_London_over_three_centuries_999.html

Tunisia arrested environment minister & others during scandal on household waste from Italy

• https://www.terradaily.com/reports/Tunisia_cracks_down_with_arrests_in_Italy_hazardous_waste_scandal_999.html

Fleas are not a separate insect order but are a lineage of scorpionflies

• http://www.sci-news.com/biology/fleas-parasitic-scorpionflies-09181.html

Declining Caspian Sea may cause environmental disaster

• https://phys.org/news/2020-12-caspian-crisis-sea-threaten-biodiversity.html
• Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-020-00075-6

Paper:  Micro-plastic contamination of salt intended for human consumption

• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-020-03749-0

Highest levels of micro-plastic contamination found in mollusks – mussels, oysters & scallops

• https://phys.org/news/2020-12-highest-microplastics-molluscs.html
• Paper: https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/EHP7171

Artificial intelligence demands vast amounts of energy – training an AI model generates more carbon emissions than building and driving 5 cars over their lifetimes

• https://theconversation.com/it-takes-a-lot-of-energy-for-machines-to-learn-heres-why-ai-is-so-power-hungry-151825

Droughts, viral outbreaks, infrastructure expansion & patterns of human migration

• https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-12/fos--dva122220.php

New York City eight years after Hurricane Sandy – oyster castles

• https://thecounter.org/hurricane-sandy-nyc-new-york-city-8-years-inwood-superstorms-oyster-castles/

Wine & colonialism

• https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/life/columnists/2020/12/23/robert-russell-what-you-should-know-wine-colonialism/4000072001/

$2.6B US Army COE upper Ohio River project to replace locks at Emsworth, Dashields & Montgomery locks and dams – still in design phase

• https://triblive.com/local/regional/2-6-billion-army-corps-of-engineers-project-on-ohio-river-might-get-funded-faster/

New Jersey planning $250M facility to build monopile poles for offshore wind projects

• https://apnews.com/article/united-states-new-jersey-f3ed8c20fe2490c2334359853c8068fe

Feral Vietnamese pot belly pigs causing destruction across the island of Puerto Rico – health emergency

• https://www.yahoo.com/news/feral-pigs-flummox-puerto-rico-150647085.html

Approval given for $750M rebuild at 4 wind farms in Minnesota operating since 2008 to 2015 – new technology & bigger blades to extend life by about 10 years – what is wrong with this picture?

• https://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/news/2020/12/24/xcel-approved-for-750-million-wind-power-project.html
• https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/minnesota/articles/2020-12-24/puc-signs-off-on-750-million-xcel-wind-energy-project

Beaver being re-introduced to Great Britain (also Italy & Scotland) – donations increase - benefits

• https://www.yahoo.com/news/beaver-found-plymouth-among-first-160614532.html
• https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/24/uk-donations-to-environmental-causes-reach-250m-in-2020
• Paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138120301667

Korean “artificial sun” superconducting fusion device maintains high temperature plasma for 20 seconds

• https://phys.org/news/2020-12-korean-artificial-sun-world-sec-long.html

Increasing demand for Li, Ni, Co and Mn0 oxide for electric vehicle batteries – environmental impacts of extraction, concentration, production & disposal

• https://techxplore.com/news/2020-12-future-material-demand-automotive-lithium-based.html
• Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-020-00095-x
• Paper: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2018.0297

Hiking guides increase eco-tourism in protected areas – will protected areas be protected from hikers?

• https://phys.org/news/2020-12-hiking-bridge-tourism-sustainability-areas.html
• Paper: https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss4/art46/

Attending sporting events impacts your carbon footprint

• https://theconversation.com/drive-to-football-take-your-kids-to-the-pool-youre-probably-emitting-an-astonishing-amount-of-co-150779

CORONAVIRUS

Coronavirus COVID-19 statistics by country (click on USA to get State statistics)

• https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
• https://time.com/5800901/coronavirus-map/
• interactive maps: https://geodacenter.github.io/covid/map.html

New strain of virus detected in South Africa – 501.V2 seems more virulent for younger patients

• https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/another-coronavirus-mutation-was-discovered-and-this-one-might-be-more-dangerous/ar-BB1c4hoW

“New” mutated strain N501Y in UK was first detected in Brazil in April & in Australia & the US in June-July

• https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/mutation-in-new-u-k-covid-strain-found-in-brazil-last-spring-now-in-four-countries/ar-BB1c79qd

Anger arises as hypocritical politicians ignore their own mandates

• https://www.yahoo.com/news/anger-politicians-ignore-virus-rules-162526104.html
• https://www.yahoo.com/news/birx-travels-family-visits-highlight-173035802.html

Oregon mayor calls rules “arbitrary” and saying they have bankrupted family businesses

• https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/oregon-mayor-urges-businesses-to-defy-arbitrary-covid-restrictions/ar-BB1c6ZA6
• https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/protesters-call-oregon-governor-dictator-clown-demand-entry-to-capitol-during-covid-relief-talks/ar-BB1c76vF

Trajectory of virus has not been changed by lockdowns and mandates

• https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/rand-paul-ridicules-mask-wearing-as-all-about-submission-to-government/ar-BB1c5BFo

After a while, numbers of deaths become just numbers

• https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/why-americans-are-numb-to-the-staggering-coronavirus-death-toll/ar-BB1c78Pd

Whistleblower experiencing retaliation after denouncing WHO for withdrawal of report on Italy

• https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/i-couldn-t-be-silent-un-whistleblower-on-who-italy-report/ar-BB1c74IO

Post-vaccine guidelines

• https://www.yahoo.com/news/post-vaccine-132657643.html

Along with giving $T to questionable foreign programs, stimulus bill also put new limits on HFCs

• https://qz.com/1948600/stimulus-bill-puts-the-us-in-compliance-with-montreal-protocol/?utm_source=YPL

When did the virus arrive in US?  Blood samples from mid-Dec 2019 to mid-Jan 2020 showed antibodies, including a cluster in Northern California in December

• https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/what-if-covid-actually-arrived-in-the-us-far-earlier-than-we-currently-think/ar-BB1c92G1

Predictions for urban life after the pandemic

• https://www.yahoo.com/news/san-francisco-york-other-big-080102446.html

PEG may be causing adverse (anaphylactic shock) reactions to vaccine

• https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/scientists-eye-potential-culprit-for-covid-19-vaccine-allergic-reactions/ar-BB1cejHJ

Really?  Do you have to ask about the virus wiping out Neanderthals?

• https://phys.org/news/2020-12-covid-neandertals.html

Coastal Zone Management Bulletin Board – 28 December 2020 – compiled by Elaine J. Hanford

 Port of New Orleans Board approves land purchase for $1.5B St Bernard container ship terminal

• https://www.nola.com/news/business/article_557c3bb2-40b3-11eb-90ec-4b75b41c6f98.html

 More than half of Hudson River tidal marshes formed by human activity since 1850

• https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-12/uoma-mth121820.php

 No cruise ships in 2020 meant whales had room to roam physically & acoustically in Glacier Bay

• https://www.alaskapublic.org/2020/12/18/researchers-no-cruise-ships-in-2020-gave-glacier-bays-whales-roomto-roam/

 Discovery Island open-net salmon farms to be phased out over next 18 months

• https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/salmon-farms-discovery-islands-closing-1.5845502

 90% of sunflower sea stars off West Coast died over past decade – species close to extinction

• https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/sunflower-sea-star-decline-1.5844674

 Wave tank studies to improve understanding of wave-induced plastic particle drift

• https://eos.org/research-spotlights/tracking-how-plastic-moves-in-the-coastal-ocean

•  Paper: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JC016294

 Impacts of “no urgent action” for coastal flooding in North Carolina

• https://www.coastalreview.org/2020/12/nc-will-pay-for-climate-inaction-new-report/

•  Report: https://www.coastalreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NC_Costs_of_Inaction.pdf

 Pawleys Island may launch two pilot projects to cope with “sunny day” floods of salt water

• https://coastalobserver.com/town-plans-pilot-projects-to-improve-drainage/

 Team to model vulnerability of petrochemical facilities in Galveston Bay to flood-induced chemical spills and releases & impacts on nearby communities

• https://today.tamu.edu/2020/12/21/researchers-to-examine-risk-of-flood-induced-chemical-spills-at-coastalfacilities/

Citing climate change & rising sea levels – but need to consider coastal land subsidence as cause for lower threshold for coastal ecosystem fragmentation

• https://today.tamu.edu/2020/12/17/rising-sea-levels-drown-coastal-marshes-wetlands/

 Man-made pollution pathways into the Mar Menor coastal lagoons of the Mediterranean

• https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-12/uadb-asp122320.php

Great Lakes Restoration Initiative to receive increased funding (up to $475M by 2026) for contamination cleanups, wetlands restoration, fight against invasive species, coastal restoration

• https://www.mlive.com/public-interest/2020/12/congress-approves-major-boost-in-great-lakes-funding.html

 DARPA launches program to mitigate coastal flooding, erosion & storm damage

•https://www.terradaily.com/reports/DARPA_launches_program_to_mitigate_coastal_flooding_erosion_and_storm_damage_999.html

 Evidence for massive paleo-tsunami at Tel Dor, Israel, between 9,910 and 9,290 years ago

• https://phys.org/news/2020-12-evidence-massive-paleo-tsunami-ancient-tel.html

•  Paper: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0243619

 $1.7B recommended for managing tidal flooding, waves & erosion from coastal storms along 83 miles of South Shore of Long Island

• https://www.eastendbeacon.com/2021-spending-plan-includes-army-corps-projects-for-east-end-shoreline/

 Pennsylvania CRM awards $248,000 in grants to Erie County for research on migratory birds & algal blooms, provide beach access, educate students on coastal zone environmental issues

• https://www.erienewsnow.com/story/43097640/erie-county-awarded-over-dollar248000-in-coastal-zone-grants

 Crab fishing closed in Willapa Bay & Grays Harbor due to marine toxins

• https://www.thurstontalk.com/2020/12/23/willapa-bay-grays-harbor-crabbing-close-due-to-marine-toxins-somecoastal-crabbing-areas-reopen/

 Lease sale is scheduled but question remains on how much oil is under ANWR coastal plain

• https://www.alaskapublic.org/2020/12/22/the-lease-sale-is-set-but-how-much-oil-is-actually-under-anwrscoastal-plain/

 Oil & gas fields and discoveries on Norwegian continental shelf in North Sea – Court allows expanded exploration

• https://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/grasel-oil-field-development-north-sea/

• https://www.naturalgasintel.com/conocophillips-touts-second-significant-discovery-offshore-norway-in-as-manymonths/

• https://www.jurist.org/news/2020/12/norway-supreme-court-allows-government-to-expand-arctic-oil-exploration/

 Efforts to protect WWII battlefields in the Atlantic Ocean

• https://capecodchronicle.com/en/5552/chatham/6711/Marconi-Talk-Details-Efforts-To-Protect-Atlantic-Battlefields.htm

 10 sperm whales stranded on North Sea beach have died

• https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-humber-55436369

“I’d rather be upstream with a shovel and a ditch than downstream with a decree.” – Western USA water saying