Carol Hardy Vincent is the author of this CRS report: 'Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations'. Good collection of agencies.
Download CRS_Report_Interior_Env_Related_App_Overview_FY2022.13June2022
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Summary
The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill—often called the Interior bill—contains funding for about three dozen agencies and entities. They include most of the Department of the Interior (DOI) and agencies within other departments, such as the Forest Service (Department of Agriculture) and the Indian Health Service (Department of Health and Human Services). The bill also provides funding for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), arts and cultural agencies, and other organizations and entities. Issues for Congress include determining the amount, terms, and conditions of funding for agencies and programs.
P.L. 117-103, Division G, enacted on March 15, 2022, contained FY2022 appropriations of $40.52 billion for the Interior bill. The total included $38.07 billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for wildfire suppression activities under an adjustment to the discretionary spending limit for FY2022. The $2.45 billion—the maximum amount available under law for FY2022—had been requested by the President, passed by the House, and contained in a Senate (Appropriations) Committee Majority Draft (SCMD) for FY2022. From the start of FY2022 on October 1, 2021, until March 15, 2022, Congress had provided continuing appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, generally at the FY2021 level.
The $40.52 billion total was broken out unevenly across the three major funding titles in the Interior bill, as is typically the case. DOI agencies in Title I received $14.52 billion, or 35.8% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, received $9.56 billion, or 23.6% of the total. For about two dozen agencies and other entities funded in Title III, the law contained $16.44 billion, or 40.6% of the total. Nearly three-quarters of total funding ($29.54 billion, or 72.9% of the total) was for five agencies: EPA, Forest Service, Indian Health Service, National Park Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs. The total did not include advance appropriations (which become available for obligation in future fiscal years) for the Indian Health Service, as had been requested by the President and included in the SCMD. However, advance appropriations were included for the Indian Health Service (among other agencies) in a separate law (P.L. 117-58, Division J).
The FY2022 enacted appropriation of $40.52 billion was $5.65 billion less than the President requested ($46.17 billion), $5.40 billion less than passed by the House ($45.91 billion), and $4.19 billion less than included in the SCMD ($44.70 billion). It also contained less funding for each of the three major titles of the bill than had been requested by the President, approved by the House, and contained in the SCMD. However, the FY2022 enacted appropriation was $2.00 billion more than the FY2021 enacted amount ($38.52 billion), with higher funding than FY2021 for each of the three bill titles.
In earlier action, President Biden had requested $46.17 billion for FY2022 for the Interior bill, including $43.72 billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for wildfire suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment. The President’s FY2022 request also contained $7.68 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, with the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2023. Including these advance appropriations, the President’s total request was $53.85 billion. For DOI agencies in Title I of the bill, the request was $16.28 billion, or 35.3% of the request. For EPA (Title II), the request was $11.23 billion, or 24.3% of the total. For the agencies and other entities in Title III of the bill, the request was $18.66 billion, or 40.4% of the total.
On July 29, 2021, the House passed H.R. 4502, containing FY2022 appropriations of $45.91 billion in Division E for the Interior bill. This total included $43.46 billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment. Of the $45.91 billion, DOI agencies in Title I would have received $16.02 billion, or 34.9% of the total; EPA would have received $11.35 billion, or 24.7% of the total; and agencies and entities in Title III would have received $18.55 billion, or 40.4% of the total. The House-passed bill did not include advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service.
On October 18, 2021, the chair of the Senate Committee on Appropriations released the SCMD bill and draft explanatory text with $44.70 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2022. This total included $42.25 billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment. The SCMD contained an additional $6.59 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service beginning in FY2023. On October 20, 2021, S. 3034 was introduced reflecting the SCMD text; no further action was taken on this measure. Of the $44.70 billion, DOI agencies would have received $15.72 billion, or 35.2% of the total; EPA would have received $10.54 billion, or 23.6%; and agencies and other entities (in Title III) would have received $17.99 billion, or 40.2% of the total. The draft also contained $0.45 billion (1.0% of the total) in a new Title IV, for infrastructure projects.
Introduction
This report focuses on FY2022 discretionary appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. Issues for Congress include determining the amount of funding for agencies and programs in the bill and the terms and conditions of such funding.The focus of this report is the regular, annual appropriations for the Interior bill. This report first presents a short overview of FY2022 legislative action. It next provides an overview of the agencies and other entities funded in the Interior bill. It then describes the FY2022 appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies requested by President Biden, passed by the House, contained in a draft released by the chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee, and enacted into law. (Hereinafter, the Senate Committee Majority Draft generally is referred to as the SCMD.) Subsequently, the report briefly compares FY2021 and FY2022 regular appropriations. Finally, it provides a table showing each agency’s regular appropriations enacted for FY2021, requested by the President for FY2022, passed by the House for FY2022, contained in the SCMD for FY2022, and enacted into law for FY2022. Agency and bill totals in this report generally reflect rescissions.
Appropriations are complex. Budget justifications for some agencies are large (often a few hundred pages long) and contain numerous funding, programmatic, and legislative changes for congressional consideration. Further, appropriations laws provide funds for numerous accounts, activities, and sub-activities, and their accompanying explanatory statements provide additional directives and other important information. This report does not provide in-depth information at the agency, account, and subaccount levels, nor does it generally detail budgetary reorganizations or legislative changes proposed or enacted for FY2022. For information on a particular agency or on individual accounts, programs, or activities administered by a particular agency, see theCongressional Research Service(CRS) products footnoted throughout this report or contact the key policy staff listed at the end of this report. In addition, selected reports related to appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, such as individual agencies (e.g., National Park Service) or cross-cutting programs (e.g., Wildland Fire Management), are listed under “Interior & Environment Appropriations” on the “Appropriations” Issue Area page on the CRS website,
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