WaterWired

Paper: 'Diverse Paradigms of Residential Development Inform Water Use and Drought-related Conservation Behavior'

I just caught this recent (18 November 2020) open-access paper by Kimberly J. Quesnel, Saahil Agrawal and Newsha K Ajami: 'Diverse paradigms of residential development inform water use and drought-related conservation behavior', Environmental Research Letters 15(12) (2020) 124009.

Read the article online by clicking here. The links below may not take you to the reference but to the original Quesnel et al. paper.

Download Quesnel_2020_Environ._Res._Lett._15_124009

Download ERL_15_12_124009_suppdata

Abstract
Widespread urbanization has led to diverse patterns of residential development, which are linked to different resource consumption patterns, including water demand. Classifying neighborhoods based on urban form and sociodemographic features can provide an avenue for understanding community water use behaviors associated with housing alternatives and different residential populations. In this study, we leveraged built environment data from the online real estate aggregator Zillow to develop neighborhood typologies and community clusters via a sequence of unsupervised learning methods. Five distinct clusters, spatially segregated despite no geospatial inputs, were associated with unique single-family residential water use and conservation patterns and trends. The two highest-income clusters had divergent behavior, especially during and after a historic drought, thus unraveling conventional income–water use and income–water conservation relationships. These clustering results highlight evolving water use regimes as traditional patterns of development are replaced with compact, water-efficient urban form. Defining communities based on built environment and sociodemographic characteristics, instead of sociodemographic features alone, led to 3% to 30% improvements in cluster water use and conservation cohesion. These analyses demonstrate the importance of smart development across rapidly urbanizing areas in water-scarce regions across the globe.

Introduction
Today, 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas with the percentage expected to grow to 68% by 2050 (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2019). As residents move away from rural areas and into cities, suburbs, and towns, many different patterns of residential development and urban form are emerging, in turn affecting urban system sustainability (Jabareen 2006, Pandit et al 2017, Pickett and Zhou 2015). Variations in population density, housing structures, and neighborhood configurations are linked to different energy use patterns, transportation behaviors, and public health outcomes (Berrigan and Troiano 2002, Ewing and Rong 2008, Güneralp et al 2017, Stokes and Seto 2019). Housing features including urban versus suburban communities (Breyer and Chang 2014), infill development (Sanchez et al 2020), changing building and landscaping codes (Brelsford and Abbott 2017, Garcia and Islam 2019), and nontraditional housing arrangements (Barnett et al 2019) can also lead to heterogeneous residential water use behavior, which has direct implications for water resources management.

Simultaneously, sociodemographic characteristics like income and education levels often explain variations in residential water use (Schleich and Hillenbrand 2009, Shandas and Parandvash 2010, House-Peters and Chang 2011, Brelsford and Abbott 2017, Quesnel and Ajami 2017, Fan et al 2017). Together, built environment and social features provide the building blocks for defining neighborhoods and communities for urban water demand assessment and planning (Jackson-Smith et al 2016, Stoker et al 2019), which in turn dictate water supply and infrastructure investment decisions at city to neighborhood scales (House-Peters and Chang 2011, Stoker and Rothfeder 2014, Gurung et al 2016). These characteristics are also critical for understanding water conservation behavior during drought (Fielding et al 2012, Polebitski and Palmer 2013, Mini et al 2015), when strategic resource management is particularly critical.

Grouping residential customers for water resources planning and management requires linking bottom–up, household-level data about the built environment with top–down Census block-group or tract scale features. Built environment and social data can also be acquired through customer surveys (Randolph and Troy 2008, Harlan et al 2009, Willis et al 2013, Hannibal et al 2018), but these can be expensive, time-intensive, and limited in scope. Some researchers have successfully accessed assessor records on homes and parcels (for example: Chang et al 2017, Brelsford and Abbott 2017), but this data is generally challenging to obtain in bulk, digitized formats and must be acquired on a city-by-city or county-by-county basis. Around the US, a few agencies have moved to publicly available digital records like New York's Primary Land Use Tax Lot Output (PLUTO) database, which can be used for building-level water demand studies (Kontokosta and Jain 2015), although these are not yet common.

New websites like Zillow, Redfin, or Trulia that aggregate and digitize records from multiple sources, including public agencies, offer the possibility to overcome this historic obstacle, but these sources have yet to be leveraged as a tool for analyzing urban water use. Together with Census information, this housing data can be used as an alternative to traditional sources to develop a holistic depiction of communities within a city, a spatial-scale which provides the granularity of within-city information while being more practical than customer-level analyses. This research aims to demonstrate the value of combining data on single-family residential housing features and urban form from Zillow with Census data to identify residential community groupings. In turn, these classifications can help water resource decision-makers better understand their customers' water use behavior, design optimal conservation policies, and plan for future resources needs and allocation.

We performed our analysis within a single utility—exploring high-resolution data within a small area to gain insights into behavior not possible at more aggregated scales while discovering information that can be applied in a broader context. Our study area, the City of Redwood City (Redwood City) is situated on the San Francisco Bay peninsula in California and represents a microcosm of diversity—in 2017, block-group level median household income within the service area ranged from less than $40 000 (including several block-groups classified as Disadvantaged Communities) to over $220 000. The San Francisco Bay Area represents a region with varied and evolving water supply and demand regimes, making it a particularly valuable place to study urban water with lessons for other growing, semi-arid and arid regions across the Western U.S. and the world (Gonzales and Ajami 2017b). In our study, we focused specifically on single-family residential water use, which accounts for 65% of California's urban water use (California Department of Water Resources 2016) and about half of Redwood City's potable use (City of Redwood City 2015). Redwood City demand is seasonal, with higher use in the summer due to landscape irrigation.

Our research takes place over a 10-year period from 2008–2017 which included two     historic droughts and an economic recession. In particular, the 2012–2016 drought was one of the most severe in California's history (U.S. Geological Survey: California Water Science Center 2018). The drought was not only exceptional hydrologically, but also in terms of state and local political actions, public awareness, and news media coverage that led to high drought saliency and has been associated with high conservation rates (Quesnel and Ajami 2017, Gonzales and Ajami 2017a, Bolorinos et al 2020). This historic drought provides an important setting for examining not only the drivers of water conservation, but also rebound once mandatory restrictions were lifted and the drought was declared over (Gonzales and Ajami 2017a, Bolorinos et al 2020). Evaluating water conservation during the 2012–2016 drought, an extreme event more likely to occur in the future, provides an opportunity to evaluate changing residential water use behavior across customers under escalating climatic and policy regimes.

Cutting to the chase...

Discussion and conclusion
This research demonstrates the coupled role of urban form and sociodemographic characteristics in water use and drought-related conservation behavior. A crucial finding of this study is the importance of the built environment when classifying urban water customers and creating residential neighborhood typologies useful for water use and conservation analyses and developing demand management strategies. Traditionally, many researchers have stratified customers by income, finding that affluence is associated with high water use, high levels of drought-related conservation, and subsequently high conservation backslide post-drought. These water use characteristics are typically linked to more wealthy customers having bigger lots and therefore using more water outdoors. However, this study proves that income does not always correlate to high water use, and that affluent residents choosing to live in dense, new developments have very different water use patterns and water use behavior.

We bypassed previous data constraints faced by researchers, utilities, municipalities and other public agencies trying to better understand how built environment factors are linked to water use by utilizing data from an online real estate aggregator. By obtaining customer-level information from the Zillow ZTRAX database, this research for the first time demonstrates the possibility for this kind of platform to serve as a new tool for incorporating housing features into water use analyses. City and county assessors are legally required to fulfill public record requests and provide data in response to inquiries, but acquiring these individual datasets for comparative regional, state, or national assessments can be prohibitive. Thus, using aggregated data generated by Zillow and similar websites can provide a gateway for widespread analyses, for example opening the door for multi-city or even multi-state studies. These new websites offer a way to access built environment data uniformly in one place instead of filing separate records request for each service area of interest. While this research presents an alternative to traditional methods for obtaining information about the built environment, water use data remains sparse and challenging to acquire (Chini and Stillwell 2016, Josset et al 2019).

As this is the first research to use Zillow in water demand research, there are a host of avenues for future research. For example, our study was set within one utility, but the potential for Zillow truly lies in its ability to cross administrative borders. For example, where cross-city and multi-city comparisons in different counties previously required obtaining data from each individual jurisdiction, Zillow or other online aggregators store this data in one central location. Having one central database also provides the benefit of data consistency.

Additionally, here we focused primarily on neighborhood clustering to inform residential water use modeling at the monthly scale, but future studies could explore how emerging databases, online platforms, and data aggregators with high spatial and/or temporal resolution can be coupled with higher temporal resolution water use data from smart meters to better understand and predict water use and conservation. These insights could then be used to develop short-term and long-term demand management strategies. Another avenue for future research would be to investigate how different emerging urban form paradigms including infill development, peri-urban, and suburban designs shift both short- and long-term water use behavior. Land managers and water managers often do not coordinate or even talk to each other (Gober et al 2013), but with these new developments and unprecedented urbanization, there is increasing pressure for integrated planning and management.

This research lays the framework for future big data-driven urban water research and provides evidence for the implications evolving urban form on water use. Our results also point out future paths of more water-efficient urban development. Cities all over the world are expanding at rapid rates, and there are many different ways for them to develop. Here, we showed that dense housing patterns and new houses, regardless of the size, can result in lower water use than traditional sprawl. However, these low water use communities also have lower conservation rates and sometimes faster post-drought water demand rebound, and actions must be taken to account for this reduced water system flexibility. City planners and water managers must work together to develop cities of the future that house an increasingly large portion of the population and meet the wide-range of sustainability-oriented goals critical to addressing 21st century urban challenges.

Good stuff!

Enjoy!

"You can't teach an old dogma new tricks." - Dorothy Parker (quoted in @TheMVTimes via @TheWeek)

CRS Report: 'Land and Water Conservation Fund: Processes and Criteria for Allocating Funds'

Carol Hardy Vincent, Anne A. Riddle, R. Eliot Crafton and Laura A. Hanson crafted this CRS report (6 October 2020) about a little-known program: 'Land and Water Conservation Fund: Processes and Criteria for Allocating Funds'.

Download CRS_Report_Land_Water_Conservation_Fund_6October2020 

Introduction
The Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) Act of 1965 was enacted to help preserve, develop, and ensure access to outdoor recreation to foster the health of U.S. citizens. The law created the LWCF in the U.S. Department of the Treasury as a funding source to implement its outdoor recreation goals. The fund accrues revenues from multiple sources. Monies in the fund are mandatory spending, allocated among a variety of purposes.

This report first identifies the LWCF’s revenue sources and discusses the mandatory nature of the appropriations from the fund. It next identifies the purposes for which the LWCF can be used. It focuses on the two primary purposes that are set out in the LWCF Act—(1) land acquisition by federal agencies and (2) outdoor recreation grants to states. It also focuses on two other programs that have received appropriations from the LWCF for about two decades—(1) the Forest Legacy Program (FLP) and (2) financial assistance under Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The latter program is sometimes referred to as Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Fund (CESCF) grants.

This report then sets out the method for allocating LWCF appropriations among the fund’s main purposes. For each of these purposes, the report describes the processes and criteria for prioritizing and using appropriations from the LWCF. The processes and criteria differ based on statutes; distribution formulas; and programmatic, agency, and state priorities; among other factors. The report concludes with a discussion of why LWCF funding has varied widely among states since the LWCF’s origin.

In recent years, the allocation of LWCF funds among agencies, programs, and states has been a topic of congressional interest. Congress has several roles related to the allocation of LWCF funds. These roles include determining the total amount and type of appropriations for LWCF programs through enactment and amendment of statute. For instance, under the LWCF Act, Congress set the appropriations at $900 million annually. Previously, the monies had been discretionary, as discussed in the next section. More recently, through enactment of the Great American Outdoors Act (P.L. 116-152), Congress amended the LWCF Act to permanently appropriate the $900 million (i.e., mandatory appropriations). Congress also has established methods of allocating LWCF funds, as per the allocation method set out in P.L. 116-152. (See herein “Amendments in the Great American Outdoors Act” under “Allocation of LWCF Funds Among Purposes.”) Further, through statute, Congress has established programs and activities which receive LWCF funding. Congress may add, alter, or abolish such programs or change their eligibility for LWCF monies. The outdoor recreation grants to states program, for instance, is established in statute and has been amended over time. Further, Congress oversees agency management of programs that receive LWCF funding and agency expenditures of LWCF appropriations.

Enjoy!

"Cowing people is not the sane as converting them." - columnist Michael Goldberg

CRS Report: 'U.S. Support for International Conservation'

Pervaze A. Sheikh, Nick M. Brown, Emily M. Morgenstern, Katarina C. O'Regan and , Richard K. Lattanzio produced this excellent CRS report (26 August 2020): 'U.S. Support for International Conservation'.

Great report - listing of the U.S. agencies and departments that support foreign conservation efforts. Very informative.

Download CRS_Report_US_Intl_Conservation_26Aug2020

Click on the graphics to enlarge them.

Summary
The United States supports international conservation efforts through foreign assistance programs, diplomatic engagement, and other tools. Members of Congress have supported such efforts on a bipartisan basis and have debated the level, scope, prioritization, and potential unintended consequences of U.S. international conservation activities. International conservation efforts focus on protecting species, restoring habitats, and recovering forests, among other things. Multiple federal departments and agencies administer and implement these initiatives, and Congress appropriates funding for them via several annual appropriations laws. Congress has shaped U.S. policy on international conservation through its authorization and appropriation of foreign assistance in part, as well as through its oversight activities.

Congressional interest in international conservation issues stems from a range of factors, including concerns about human-caused threats to global biodiversity; constituent engagement; interest in global biodiversity and protected areas; potential connections between conservation and U.S. national security; and concerns about conservationists’ respect for human rights. Reports of global biodiversity loss due to human interactions and recent focus on zoonotic diseases in the context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have amplified these concerns for some Members.

Congress might consider several issues as it authorizes, appropriates funding for, and continues oversight of U.S. international conservation activities. Members may debate how much foreign assistance, if any, to provide for international conservation programs; the goals and objectives of international conservation programs; interagency coordination of international conservation programs; whether assistance is aligned with host countries’ priorities; and the implications of international conservation spending for human rights and indigenous peoples.

Enjoy!

"If you wish to be understood, seek first to understand." - Stephen Covey

My Age-O-Meter: 50th Anniversary of Earth Day!

It's the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, so happy 51st Earth Day! Since I was 21 on the first Earth Day then 21 + 50 =......Okay,

I won't bore you with my story of what I did on the first Earth Day in 1970; you can read about it here. Yeah, I helped build a dam.

One thing I learned: don't follow the advice indicated by this graphic from the January 1963 Popular Science. Even in 1970 we knew this was a bad idea - and not because the gravel is unnecessary! 

I also learned that the date for Earth Day was set for 22 April because it is about midway between spring break and the end of the term in American universities. It was envisioned as a holiday on which students could partake in environmental activities. 

So celebrate Earth and do good deed or two. Just keep 6 feet apart from others and wear a mask.

Today I would have been boarding a flight to Virginia to partake in my 50th college reunion at the College of William and Mary. As they say, 'Wait'll next year!".

How's this for an interesting Earth Day factoid. Richard M. Nixon (R) - during whose presidency the EPA, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act and the Endangered Species Act were all created - died on this day in 1994. Who would have imagined that? 

Enjoy!

“Conscience is the inner voice that warns us somebody may be looking.” -- H.L. Mencken (tnx @danfagin)

Water, Volume 12, Issue 2 (February 2020): Hydrology, Hydraulics, Water and Wastewater Treatment, Water Resources Management and Governance, More!

Water, Volime 12, Issue 2 (February 2020). Click here if you cannot access the articles below.

Cover Story

Article: Performance of Field-Scale Phosphorus Removal Structures Utilizing Steel Slag for Treatment of Subsurface Drainage

Chad Penn, Stan Livingston, Vinayak Shedekar, Kevin King and Mark Williams

Water 2020, 12(2), 443; doi:10.3390/w12020443

Featured Papers Review: The Science behind Scour at Bridge Foundations: A Review Alonso Pizarro, Salvatore Manfreda and Enrico Tubaldi Water 2020, 12(2), 374; doi:10.3390/w12020374 Review: Rethinking the Framework of Smart Water System: A Review Jiada Li, Xiafei Yang and Robert Sitzenfrei Water 2020, 12(2), 412; doi:10.3390/w12020412 Review: It Is Not Easy Being Green: Recognizing Unintended Consequences of Green Stormwater Infrastructure Vinicius J. Taguchi, Peter T. Weiss, John S. Gulliver, Mira R. Klein, Raymond M. Hozalski, Lawrence A. Baker, Jacques C. Finlay, Bonnie L. Keeler and John L. Nieber Water 2020, 12(2), 522; doi:10.3390/w12020522 Review: Recent Advances in Real-Time Pluvial Flash Flood Forecasting Andre D. L. Zanchetta and Paulin Coulibaly Water 2020, 12(2), 570; doi:10.3390/w12020570 Article: Modelling the 2012 Lahar in a Sector of Jamapa Gorge (Pico de Orizaba Volcano, Mexico) Using RAMMS and Tree-Ring Evidence Osvaldo Franco-Ramos, Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas, José Ernesto Figueroa-García, Lorenzo Vázquez-Selem, Markus Stoffel and Lizeth Caballero Water 2020, 12(2), 333; doi:10.3390/w12020333 Article: Monthly Flow Duration Curve Model for Ungauged River Basins Halil Ibrahim Burgan and Hafzullah Aksoy Water 2020, 12(2), 338; doi:10.3390/w12020338 Article: Flood Consequences of Land-Use Changes at a Ski Resort: Overcoming a Geomorphological Threshold (Portainé, Eastern Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula) Glòria Furdada, Ane Victoriano, Andrés Díez-Herrero, Mar Génova, Marta Guinau, Álvaro De las Heras, Rosa Mª Palau, Marcel Hürlimann, Giorgi Khazaradze, Josep Maria Casas, Aina Margalef, Jordi Pinyol and Marta González Water 2020, 12(2), 368; doi:10.3390/w12020368 Article: Combination of Ecological Engineering Procedures Applied to Morphological Stabilization of Estuarine Banks after Dredging Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes, António Augusto Sampaio Pinto, Daniela Patrícia Salgado Terêncio, Fernando António Leal Pacheco and Rui Manuel Vitor Cortes Water 2020, 12(2), 391; doi:10.3390/w12020391 Article: IberWQ: A GPU Accelerated Tool for 2D Water Quality Modeling in Rivers and Estuaries Orlando García-Feal, Luis Cea, José González-Cao, José Manuel Domínguez and Moncho Gómez-Gesteira Water 2020, 12(2), 413; doi:10.3390/w12020413 Article: Mapping Paleohydrologic Features in the Arid Areas of Saudi Arabia Using Remote-Sensing Data Mohamed Abdelkareem, Fathy Abdalla, Samar Y. Mohamed and Farouk El-Baz Water 2020, 12(2), 417; doi:10.3390/w12020417 Article: Guarding the Sons of Empire: Military–State–Society Relations in Water, Sanitation and Health Programs of mid-19th-Century India Sarah J. Halvorson and James L. Wescoat Jr. Water 2020, 12(2), 429; doi:10.3390/w12020429 Article: Field Study of Mass Balance, and Hydrology of the West Khangri Nup Glacier (Khumbu, Everest) Daniele Bocchiola, Giovanni Martino Bombelli, Federica Camin and Paolo Maria Ossi Water 2020, 12(2), 433; doi:10.3390/w12020433 Article: Mapping of Groundwater Potential Zones in Crystalline Terrain Using Remote Sensing, GIS Techniques, and Multicriteria Data Analysis (Case of the Ighrem Region, Western Anti-Atlas, Morocco) Khalid Benjmel, Fouad Amraoui, Said Boutaleb, Mohammed Ouchchen, Amine Tahiri and Amine Touab Water 2020, 12(2), 471; doi:10.3390/w12020471 Article: An Overview of Managed Aquifer Recharge in Mexico and Its Legal Framework Mary Belle Cruz-Ayala and Sharon B. Megdal Water 2020, 12(2), 474; doi:10.3390/w12020474 Article: Evaluation of the Egg Bank of Two Small Himalayan Lakes Roberta Piscia, Sara Bovio, Marina Manca, Andrea Lami and Piero Guilizzoni Water 2020, 12(2), 491; doi:10.3390/w12020491 Article: A Cone Fishway Facilitates Lateral Migrations of Tropical River-Floodplain Fish Communities Lee J. Baumgartner, Craig Boys, Tim Marsden, Jarrod McPherson, Nathan Ning, Oudom Phonekhampheng, Wayne Robinson, Douangkham Singhanouvong, Ivor G. Stuart and Garry Thorncraft Water 2020, 12(2), 513; doi:10.3390/w12020513 Article: Short-Term GIS Analysis for the Assessment of the Recent Active-Channel Planform Adjustments in a Widening, Highly Altered River: The Scrivia River, Italy Andrea Mandarino, Giacomo Pepe, Michael Maerker, Andrea Cevasco and Pierluigi Brandolini Water 2020, 12(2), 514; doi:10.3390/w12020514 Article: Effects of Irrigation with Desalinated Seawater and Hydroponic System on Tomato Quality Vera Antolinos, María J. Sánchez-Martínez, José F. Maestre-Valero, Antonio López-Gómez and Ginés B. Martínez-Hernández Water 2020, 12(2), 518; doi:10.3390/w12020518 Article: Assessment of A Rainwater Harvesting System in A Multi-Storey Residential Building in Brazil Jéssica Kuntz Maykot and Enedir Ghisi Water 2020, 12(2), 546; doi:10.3390/w12020546 Article: A Decision Support System for Irrigation Management: Analysis and Implementation of Different Learning Techniques Roque Torres-Sanchez, Honorio Navarro-Hellin, Antonio Guillamon-Frutos, Rubén San-Segundo, Maria Carmen Ruiz-Abellón and Rafael Domingo-Miguel Water 2020, 12(2), 548; doi:10.3390/w12020548 Article: Model-Based Analysis of Nitrate Concentration in the Leachate—The North Rhine-Westfalia Case Study, Germany Frank Wendland, Sabine Bergmann, Michael Eisele, Horst Gömann, Frank Herrmann, Peter Kreins and Ralf Kunkel Water 2020, 12(2), 550; doi:10.3390/w12020550 Article: The Effect of Soil Iron on the Estimation of Soil Water Content Using Dielectric Sensors George Kargas, Paraskevi Londra, Marianthi Anastasatou and Nick Moustakas Water 2020, 12(2), 598; doi:10.3390/w12020598 Article: Using a Data Driven Approach to Predict Waves Generated by Gravity Driven Mass Flows Zhenzhu Meng, Yating Hu and Christophe Ancey Water 2020, 12(2), 600; doi:10.3390/w12020600 Article: Ubiquitous Fractal Scaling and Filtering Behavior of Hydrologic Fluxes and Storages from A Mountain Headwater Catchment Ravindra Dwivedi, John F. 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Dorea Water 2020, 12(2), 323; doi:10.3390/w12020323 Article: Structure and Functions of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microbial Communities in Bioelectrochemical Systems Anna Espinoza-Tofalos, Matteo Daghio, Enza Palma, Federico Aulenta and Andrea Franzetti Water 2020, 12(2), 343; doi:10.3390/w12020343 Article: Implementation of Modified Acacia Tannin by Mannich Reaction for Removal of Heavy Metals (Cu, Cr and Hg) Lorena Lugo, Alison Martín, John Diaz, Alejandro Pérez-Flórez and Crispin Celis Water 2020, 12(2), 352; doi:10.3390/w12020352 Article: Effects of Persulfate Activation with Pyrite and Zero-Valent Iron for Phthalate Acid Ester Degradation Muhammad A. Imran, Yuzhen Tong, Qing Hu, Mingzhu Liu and Honghan Chen Water 2020, 12(2), 354; doi:10.3390/w12020354 Article: Identification of Foulants on Polyethersulfone Membranes Used to Remove Colloids and Dissolved Matter from Paper Mill Treated Effluent Mayko Rannany S. Sousa, Jaime Lora-García, María-Fernanda López-Pérez and Marc Heran Water 2020, 12(2), 365; doi:10.3390/w12020365 Article: Adsorption of Cu(II) Ions on Adsorbent Materials Obtained from Marine Red Algae Callithamnion corymbosum sp. Alina Roxana Lucaci, Dumitru Bulgariu, Maria-Cristina Popescu and Laura Bulgariu Water 2020, 12(2), 372; doi:10.3390/w12020372 Article: The Improvement of Pollutant Removal in the Ferric-Carbon Micro-Electrolysis Constructed Wetland by Partial Aeration Cheng Dong, Mengting Li, Lin-Lan Zhuang, Jian Zhang, Youhao Shen and Xiangzheng Li Water 2020, 12(2), 389; doi:10.3390/w12020389 Article: Adsorption Properties of Magnetic Magnetite Nanoparticle for Coexistent Cr(VI) and Cu(II) in Mixed Solution Jin Zhang, Shuang Lin, Meiling Han, Qing Su, Lianqiu Xia and Zhaocong Hui Water 2020, 12(2), 446; doi:10.3390/w12020446 Article: Eco-Efficiency of End-of-Pie Systems: An Extended Environmental Cost Efficiency Framework for Wastewater Treatment Xinyue Zhao, Chaofan Zhang and Shunwen Bai Water 2020, 12(2), 454; doi:10.3390/w12020454 Article: Evaluation of a Low-Cost Ceramic Filter for Sustainable Reuse of Urban Stormwater in Arid Environments Md. Shafiquzzaman, Husnain Haider, Yousry Mahmoud Ghazaw, Fawaz Alharbi, Saleem S. 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Chang Water 2020, 12(2), 512; doi:10.3390/w12020512 Article: Evaluation of Hydromulches as an Erosion Control Measure Using Laboratory-Scale Experiments Matthew D. Ricks, Wesley T. Wilson, Wesley C. Zech, Xing Fang and Wesley N. Donald Water 2020, 12(2), 515; doi:10.3390/w12020515 Article: Guidelines for the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Flood Emergency Response Gloria Salmoral, Monica Rivas Casado, Manoranjan Muthusamy, David Butler, Prathyush P. Menon and Paul Leinster Water 2020, 12(2), 521; doi:10.3390/w12020521 Article: Enhancing Physical Similarity Approach to Predict Runoff in Ungauged Watersheds in Sub-Tropical Regions Santiago Narbondo, Angela Gorgoglione, Magdalena Crisci and Christian Chreties Water 2020, 12(2), 528; doi:10.3390/w12020528 Article: Bathymetry Time Series Using High Spatial Resolution Satellite Images Manuel Erena, José A. Domínguez, Joaquín F. 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Sidle Water 2020, 12(2), 575; doi:10.3390/w12020575 Article: Hydrothermal Dolomite Paleokarst Reservoir Development in Wolonghe Gasfield, Sichuan Basin, Revealed by Seismic Characterization Bole Gao, Fei Tian, Renfang Pan, Wenhao Zheng, Rong Li, Tianjun Huang and Yisheng Liu Water 2020, 12(2), 579; doi:10.3390/w12020579 Article: Assessment of Seasonal Changes in Water Chemistry of the Ridracoli Water Reservoir (Italy): Implications for Water Management Simone Toller, Beatrice M. S. Giambastiani, Nicolas Greggio, Marco Antonellini, Ivo Vasumini and Enrico Dinelli Water 2020, 12(2), 581; doi:10.3390/w12020581 Article: Beach-Foredune Sediment Budget Response to Sea Level Fluctuation. Curonian Spit, Lithuania Darius Jarmalavičius, Donatas Pupienis, Gintautas Žilinskas, Rasa Janušaitė and Viktoras Karaliūnas Water 2020, 12(2), 583; doi:10.3390/w12020583 Article: Visualization Framework for High-Dimensional Spatio-Temporal Hydrological Gridded Datasets using Machine-Learning Techniques Abeer Mazher Water 2020, 12(2), 590; doi:10.3390/w12020590 Article: Climate Change Impacts on Cold Season Runoff in the Headwaters of the Yellow River Considering Frozen Ground Degradation Pan Wu, Sihai Liang, Xu-Sheng Wang, Jeffrey M. McKenzie and Yuqing Feng Water 2020, 12(2), 602; doi:10.3390/w12020602 Article: Towards an Assessment of the Ephemeral Gully Erosion Potential in Greece Using Google Earth Christos Karydas and Panos Panagos Water 2020, 12(2), 603; doi:10.3390/w12020603 Article: Estimation and Mapping of the Transmissivity of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer in the Kharga Oasis, Egypt Mustafa El-Rawy and Florimond De Smedt Water 2020, 12(2), 604; doi:10.3390/w12020604 Article: Flood Routing Process and High Dam Interception of Natural Discharge from the 2018 Baige Landslide-Dammed Lake Bin-Rui Gan, Xing-Guo Yang, Hai-Mei Liao and Jia-Wen Zhou Water 2020, 12(2), 605; doi:10.3390/w12020605 Article: A Borehole-Based Approach for Seawater Intrusion in Heterogeneous Coastal Aquifers, Eastern Part of Jeju Island, Korea Jehyun Shin and Seho Hwang Water 2020, 12(2), 609; doi:10.3390/w12020609 Article: Revisiting the Statistical Scaling of Annual Discharge Maxima at Daily Resolution with Respect to the Basin Size in the Light of Rainfall Climatology Anastasios Perdios and Andreas Langousis Water 2020, 12(2), 610; doi:10.3390/w12020610 Article: Impact of Sea Ice on the Hydrodynamics and Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Coastal Waters of Qinhuangdao, China Man Jiang, Chongguang Pang, Zhiliang Liu and Jingbo Jiang Water 2020, 12(2), 611; doi:10.3390/w12020611 Article: Topographic Effects on Three-Dimensional Slope Stability for Fluctuating Water Conditions Using Numerical Analysis Yue Zhou, Shun-Chao Qi, Gang Fan, Ming-Liang Chen and Jia-Wen Zhou Water 2020, 12(2), 615; doi:10.3390/w12020615 Communication: Being Bayesian: Discussions from the Perspectives of Stakeholders and Hydrologists Ty P.A. Ferre Water 2020, 12(2), 461; doi:10.3390/w12020461 Editorial: Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Water in 2019 Water Editorial Office Water 2020, 12(2), 319; doi:10.3390/w12020319 Case Report: Application of Different Separation Methods to Investigate the Baseflow Characteristics of a Semi-Arid Sandy Area, Northwestern China Guangwen Shao, Danrong Zhang, Yiqing Guan, Mohammad Anwar Sadat and Feng Huang Water 2020, 12(2), 434; doi:10.3390/w12020434 Correction: Correction: Xu, M., et al. Modeling Glacier Mass Balance and Runoff in the Koxkar River Basin on the South Slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China, from 1959 to 2009. 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Wadzuk Water 2020, 12(2), 573; doi:10.3390/w12020573 Water–Food–Energy Nexus Review: Links and Trade-Offs between Fisheries and Environmental Protection in Relation to the Sustainable Development Goals in Thailand Tiptiwa Sampantamit, Long Ho, Wout Van Echelpoel, Carl Lachat and Peter Goethals Water 2020, 12(2), 399; doi:10.3390/w12020399 Article: Syrian Refugees, Water Scarcity, and Dynamic Policies: How Do the New Refugee Discourses Impact Water Governance Debates in Lebanon and Jordan? Hussam Hussein, Alberto Natta, Abed Al Kareem Yehya and Baha Hamadna Water 2020, 12(2), 325; doi:10.3390/w12020325 Article: The International Law and Politics of Water Access: Experiences of Displacement, Statelessness, and Armed Conflict Carly A. Krakow Water 2020, 12(2), 340; doi:10.3390/w12020340 Article: The Impact of Advanced Treatment Technologies on the Energy Use in Satellite Water Reuse Plants Jonathan R. Bailey, Sajjad Ahmad and Jacimaria R. Batista Water 2020, 12(2), 366; doi:10.3390/w12020366 Article: Comparative Analysis of Bioenergy Crop Impacts on Water Quality Using Static and Dynamic Land Use Change Modeling Approach Eeshan Kumar, Dharmendra Saraswat and Gurdeep Singh Water 2020, 12(2), 410; doi:10.3390/w12020410 Article: Improving Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Productivity through Adaptive Management of Water and Nitrogen Ausiku P. Ausiku, John G. Annandale, J. Martin Steyn and Andrew J. Sanewe Water 2020, 12(2), 422; doi:10.3390/w12020422 Article: Assessment of the Soil Erosion Response to Land Use and Slope in the Loess Plateau—A Case Study of Jiuyuangou Chenlu Huang, Qinke Yang, Xiayu Cao and Yuru Li Water 2020, 12(2), 529; doi:10.3390/w12020529 Article: The Transition to Improved Water-Related Energy Management: Enabling Contexts for Policy Innovation Amanda Binks, Brian Head, Paul Lant and Steven Kenway Water 2020, 12(2), 557; doi:10.3390/w12020557 Article: Flipped Learning Approach as Educational Innovation in Water Literacy Antonio-José Moreno-Guerrero, José-María Romero-Rodríguez, Jesús López-Belmonte and Santiago Alonso-García Water 2020, 12(2), 574; doi:10.3390/w12020574 Water Use and Scarcity Article: Numerical Simulation of Frost Heave of Concrete Lining Trapezoidal Channel Under an Open System Tengfei Mo and Zongke Lou Water 2020, 12(2), 335; doi:10.3390/w12020335 Article: Why Do People Remain Attached to Unsafe Drinking Water Options? Quantitative Evidence from Southwestern Bangladesh Floris Loys Naus, Kennard Burer, Frank van Laerhoven, Jasper Griffioen, Kazi Matin Ahmed and Paul Schot Water 2020, 12(2), 342; doi:10.3390/w12020342 Article: Does it Matter: Constitutionalisation, Democratic Governance, and the Human Right to Water Rebecca Schiel, Malcolm Langford and Bruce M. Wilson Water 2020, 12(2), 350; doi:10.3390/w12020350 Article: Performance of Soil Moisture Sensors in Florida Sandy Soils Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi, Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira and Sara Gabriela Cornejo Zepeda Water 2020, 12(2), 358; doi:10.3390/w12020358 Article: Water Use Efficiency of Soybean under Water Stress in Different Eroded Soils Shuang Li, Yun Xie, Gang Liu, Jing Wang, Honghong Lin, Yan Xin and Junrui Zhai Water 2020, 12(2), 373; doi:10.3390/w12020373 Article: Rainwater Harvesting for Sustainable Agriculture in High Water-Poor Areas in the West Bank, Palestine Sameer Shadeed, Tariq Judeh and Michel Riksen Water 2020, 12(2), 380; doi:10.3390/w12020380 Article: Evaluating the Risks of Groundwater Extraction in an Agricultural Landscape under Different Climate Projections Juan S. Acero Triana, Maria L. Chu, Jorge A. Guzman, Daniel N. Moriasi and Jean L. Steiner Water 2020, 12(2), 400; doi:10.3390/w12020400 Article: Regarding Groundwater and Drinking Water Access through A Human Rights Lens: Self-Supply as A Norm Jenny Grönwall and Kerstin Danert Water 2020, 12(2), 419; doi:10.3390/w12020419 Article: Influence of Mixed Substrate and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosynthetic Efficiency, Nutrient and Water Status and Yield in Tomato Plants Irrigated with Saline Reclaimed Waters María José Gómez-Bellot, Beatriz Lorente, María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco, María Fernanda Ortuño, Pedro Antonio Nortes and Juan José Alarcón Water 2020, 12(2), 438; doi:10.3390/w12020438 Article: An Improved Ecological Footprint Method for Water Resources Utilization Assessment in the Cities Hui Li, Fen Zhao, Chunhui Li, Yujun Yi, Jiuhe Bu, Xuan Wang, Qiang Liu and Anping Shu Water 2020, 12(2), 503; doi:10.3390/w12020503 Article: Parameterization and Application of Stanghellini Model for Estimating Greenhouse Cucumber Transpiration Haofang Yan, Song Huang, Chuan Zhang, Miriam Coenders Gerrits, Guoqing Wang, Jianyun Zhang, Baoshan Zhao, Samuel Joe Acquah, Haimei Wu and Hanwen Fu Water 2020, 12(2), 517; doi:10.3390/w12020517 Article: Parameterization of the Surface Energy Balance of a Shallow Water Table Grassland Qianguang Tu, Chunmei Cheng and Peng Qin Water 2020, 12(2), 523; doi:10.3390/w12020523 Article: Criteria for HydroSOS Quality Index. Application to Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Processed Table Olives Paola Sánchez-Bravo, Jacinta Collado-González, Mireia Corell, Luis Noguera-Artiaga, Alejandro Galindo, Esther Sendra, Francisca Hernández, María José Martín-Palomo and Ángel Antonio Carbonell-Barrachina Water 2020, 12(2), 555; doi:10.3390/w12020555 Article: Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Shallow Saline Groundwater Contribution and Sunflower Productivity in the Imperial Valley, California Mohamed Galal Eltarabily, John M. Burke and Khaled M. Bali Water 2020, 12(2), 571; doi:10.3390/w12020571 Communication: Designing Human Rights for Duty Bearers: Making the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation Part of Everyday Practice at the Local Government Level Naomi Carrard, Hannah Neumeyer, Bikash Kumar Pati, Sabiha Siddique, Tshering Choden, Tseguereda Abraham, Louisa Gosling, Virginia Roaf, Jorge Alvarez-Sala Torreano and Sören Bruhn Water 2020, 12(2), 378; doi:10.3390/w12020378 Hydraulics Article: Viscosity Controls Rapid Infiltration and Drainage, Not the Macropores Peter Germann Water 2020, 12(2), 337; doi:10.3390/w12020337 Article: Coastal Flooding and Erosion under a Changing Climate: Implications at a Low-Lying Coast (Ebro Delta) Albert Grases, Vicente Gracia, Manuel García-León, Jue Lin-Ye and Joan Pau Sierra Water 2020, 12(2), 346; doi:10.3390/w12020346 Article: Oblique Wave Attack on Rubble Mound Breakwater Crest Walls of Finite Length Patricia Mares-Nasarre and Marcel R. A. van Gent Water 2020, 12(2), 353; doi:10.3390/w12020353 Article: Coastal Vulnerability Assessment Due to Sea Level Rise: The Case Study of the Atlantic Coast of Mainland Portugal Carolina Rocha, Carlos Antunes and Cristina Catita Water 2020, 12(2), 360; doi:10.3390/w12020360 Article: Cost of Water Use for Negotiating Rates in Energy Exchanges: Evidence from the Hydroelectric Industry Jair-Albeiro Osorio-Agudelo, David Naranjo-Gil and Vicente Ripoll-Feliu Water 2020, 12(2), 361; doi:10.3390/w12020361 Article: The Origin of Sand and Its Colour on the South-Eastern Coast of Spain: Implications for Erosion Management Francisco Asensio-Montesinos, Enzo Pranzini, Javier Martínez-Martínez, Irene Cinelli, Giorgio Anfuso and Hugo Corbí Water 2020, 12(2), 377; doi:10.3390/w12020377 Article: Numerical Simulation of Wave Overtopping on Breakwater with an Armor Layer of Accropode Using SWASH Model Na Zhang, Qinghe Zhang, Keh-Han Wang, Guoliang Zou, Xuelian Jiang, Aiwu Yang and Yan Li Water 2020, 12(2), 386; doi:10.3390/w12020386 Article: Experimental Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of Pneumatic Lifting Pump Juanli Zuo, Fengchao Li, Ning Zhang, Denghui He, Wen Wang and Jie Zhang Water 2020, 12(2), 388; doi:10.3390/w12020388 Article: An Experimental Study on the Effects of Atomized Rain of a High Velocity Waterjet to Downstream Area in Low Ambient Pressure Environment Dan Liu, Jijian Lian, Fang Liu, Dongming Liu, Bin Ma and Jizhong Shi Water 2020, 12(2), 397; doi:10.3390/w12020397 Article: Flooding of Piazza San Marco (Venice): Physical Model Tests to Evaluate the Overtopping Discharge Piero Ruol, Chiara Favaretto, Matteo Volpato and Luca Martinelli Water 2020, 12(2), 427; doi:10.3390/w12020427 Article: Study on the Characteristic Point Location of Depth Average Velocity in Smooth Open Channels: Applied to Channels with Flat or Concave Boundaries Tongshu Li, Jian Chen, Yu Han, Zhuangzhuang Ma and Jingjing Wu Water 2020, 12(2), 430; doi:10.3390/w12020430 Article: Forcing for a Cascaded Lattice Boltzmann Shallow Water Model Sara Venturi, Silvia Di Francesco, Martin Geier and Piergiorgio Manciola Water 2020, 12(2), 439; doi:10.3390/w12020439 Article: CFD Investigations of Transient Cavitation Flows in Pipeline Based on Weakly-Compressible Model Xuelin Tang, Xiangyu Duan, Hui Gao, Xiaoqin Li and Xiaoyan Shi Water 2020, 12(2), 448; doi:10.3390/w12020448 Article: Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Wave Overtopping of Barriers Giovanni Cannata, Marco Tamburrino, Simone Ferrari, Maria Grazia Badas and Giorgio Querzoli Water 2020, 12(2), 451; doi:10.3390/w12020451 Article: Hydraulic Optimization of Double Chamber Surge Tank Using NSGA-II Resham Dhakal, Jianxu Zhou, Sunit Palikhe and Khem Prasad Bhattarai Water 2020, 12(2), 455; doi:10.3390/w12020455 Article: Effect of Hyporheic Exchange on Macroinvertebrate Community in the Weihe River Basin, China Qidong Lin, Jinxi Song, Carlo Gualtieri, Dandong Cheng, Ping Su, Xinxin Wang, Jiaxu Fu and Jianglin Peng Water 2020, 12(2), 457; doi:10.3390/w12020457 Article: The Action Mechanism of Rotor–Stator Interaction on Hydraulic and Hydroacoustic Characteristics of a Jet Centrifugal Pump Impeller and Performance Improvement Rong Guo, Rennian Li, Renhui Zhang and Wei Han Water 2020, 12(2), 465; doi:10.3390/w12020465 Article: Improved Planning of Energy Recovery in Water Systems Using a New Analytic Approach to PAT Performance Curves Modesto Pérez-Sánchez, Francisco Javier Sánchez-Romero, Helena M. Ramos and P. Amparo López-Jiménez Water 2020, 12(2), 468; doi:10.3390/w12020468 Article: Modeling of Future Extreme Storm Surges at the NW Mediterranean Coast (Spain) Jue Lin-Ye, Manuel García-León, Vicente Gràcia, María Isabel Ortego, Piero Lionello, Dario Conte, Begoña Pérez-Gómez and Agustín Sánchez-Arcilla Water 2020, 12(2), 472; doi:10.3390/w12020472 Article: The Evolution of Interfaces for Underwater Supersonic Gas Jets Xiaoyuan Zhang, Shipeng Li, Dian Yu, Baoyu Yang and Ningfei Wang Water 2020, 12(2), 488; doi:10.3390/w12020488 Article: A Deterministic Monte Carlo Simulation Framework for Dam Safety Flow Control Assessment Leanna M. King and Slobodan P. Simonovic Water 2020, 12(2), 505; doi:10.3390/w12020505 Article: Investigation of Ocean-Wave-Focusing Characteristics Induced by a Submerged Crescent-Shaped Plate for Long-Crested Waves Chi-Yu Li, Ruey-Syan Shih and Wen-Kai Weng Water 2020, 12(2), 509; doi:10.3390/w12020509 Article: Modeling of River Channel Shading as a Factor for Changes in Hydromorphological Conditions of Small Lowland Rivers Tomasz Kałuża, Mariusz Sojka, Rafał Wróżyński, Joanna Jaskuła, Stanisław Zaborowski and Mateusz Hämmerling Water 2020, 12(2), 527; doi:10.3390/w12020527 Article: Mathematical Model of Small-Volume Air Vessel Based on Real Gas Equation Weixiang Ni, Jian Zhang, Lin Shi, Tengyue Wang, Xiaoying Zhang and Sheng Chen Water 2020, 12(2), 530; doi:10.3390/w12020530 Article: Numerical Investigation of a Hydrosplitting Fracture and Weak Plane Interaction Using Discrete Element Modeling Shuaiqi Liu, Fengshan Ma, Haijun Zhao, Jie Guo, Xueliang Duan and Qihao Sun Water 2020, 12(2), 535; doi:10.3390/w12020535 Article: An Integral 1-D Eulerian–Lagrangian Method and Its Application to a Hydrodynamic River Network Shuai Yuan, Jianzhong Zhou, Dechao Hu and Sipeng Zhu Water 2020, 12(2), 542; doi:10.3390/w12020542 Article: Two-Dimensional Free-Surface Flow Modeling for Wave-Structure Interactions and Induced Motions of Floating Bodies Der-Chang Lo, Keh-Han Wang and Tai-Wen Hsu Water 2020, 12(2), 543; doi:10.3390/w12020543 Article: A New Method to Determine the Spatial Sensitivity of Time Domain Reflectometry Probes Based on Three-Dimensional Weighting Theory Peng-Ju Qin, Zhang-Rong Liu, Xiao-Ling Lai, Yong-Bao Wang, Zhi-Wei Song and Chen-Xi Miao Water 2020, 12(2), 545; doi:10.3390/w12020545 Article: Design and Function Monitoring of an Enature® Vertical Slot Fish Pass in a Large Potamal River in Carinthia/Austria Helmut Mader, Andreas Brandl and Sabine Käfer Water 2020, 12(2), 551; doi:10.3390/w12020551 Article: Uncertainty Analysis of a 1D River Hydraulic Model with Adaptive Calibration Mohammed Amine Bessar, Pascal Matte and François Anctil Water 2020, 12(2), 561; doi:10.3390/w12020561 Article: Study on Backwater Effect Due to Polavaram Dam Project under Different Return Periods Amarnath C R and Shashidhar Thatikonda Water 2020, 12(2), 576; doi:10.3390/w12020576 Article: The Susceptibility of Juvenile American Shad to Rapid Decompression and Fluid Shear Exposure Associated with Simulated Hydroturbine Passage Brett D. Pflugrath, Ryan A. Harnish, Briana Rhode, Kristin Engbrecht, Bernardo Beirão, Robert P. Mueller, Erin L. McCann, John R. Stephenson and Alison H. Colotelo Water 2020, 12(2), 586; doi:10.3390/w12020586 Article: An Experimental Method for Generating Shear-Free Turbulence Using Horizontal Oscillating Grids Wenjie Li, Peng Zhang, Shengfa Yang, Xuhui Fu and Yi Xiao Water 2020, 12(2), 591; doi:10.3390/w12020591 Article: Transient-Flow Induced Compressed Air Energy Storage (TI-CAES) System towards New Energy Concept Mohsen Besharat, Avin Dadfar, Maria Teresa Viseu, Bruno Brunone and Helena M. Ramos Water 2020, 12(2), 601; doi:10.3390/w12020601 Article: Mathematical Study on Wave Propagation through Emergent Vegetation Yuan-Jyh Lan Water 2020, 12(2), 606; doi:10.3390/w12020606 Article: Importance of Precipitation on the Upper Ocean Salinity Response to Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014) Fu Liu, Han Zhang, Jie Ming, Jiayu Zheng, Di Tian and Dake Chen Water 2020, 12(2), 614; doi:10.3390/w12020614 Correction: Correction: Combination of Discrete Element Method and Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Porosity of Gravel-Bed River. Water 2019, 11(7), 1461 Van Hieu Bui, Minh Duc Bui and Peter Rutschmann Water 2020, 12(2), 408; doi:10.3390/w12020408

Special Issues Open for Submissions Virtual Water Trade and Water Resources Economics (Deadline: 15 April 2020) Techniques and Applications in Water Science and Engineering: Selected Papers from the Inaugural International Symposium on Water Modelling (iSymWater2019) (Deadline: 15 April 2020) Sustainable Management of Urban Water Resources (Deadline: 15 April 2020) Effect of Extreme Climate Events on Lake Ecosystems (Deadline: 20 April 2020) Extreme Value Analysis of Short-Duration Rainfall and Intensity–Duration–Frequency Models (Deadline: 20 April 2020) To access the full list of Special Issues, please click here

Topical Collection (without Deadline) Water Policy Collection To access the full list of Topical Collections, please click here

Recent Special Issue Reprints Governing Integrated Water Resources Management Oliver Fritsch and David Benson (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03928-156-5 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03928-157-2 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03928-157-2 Coastal Resources Economics and Ecosystem Valuation J. Walter Milon and Sergio Alvarez (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03928-016-2 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03928-017-9 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03928-017-9 Extreme Floods and Droughts under Future Climate Scenarios Momcilo Markus, Ximing Cai and Ryan Sriver (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-898-1 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-899-8 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-899-8 Removal of Organic Pollution in Water Environment Joanna Karpińska and Urszula Kotowska (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-840-0 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-841-7 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-841-7 Groundwater Resources and Salt Water Intrusion in a Changing Environment Maurizio Polemio and Kristine Walraevens (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-197-5 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-198-2 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-198-2 To access the full list of books, please click here

Upcoming Conferences The First World Energies Forum (Rome, September 2020)— Submission Deadline 28 February (Rome, Italy, 14–16 September 2020) 1st Asia-Pacific Sustainable Development of Energy Water and Environment Systems (Gold Coast, Australia, 6–9 April 2020) RIVER BASINS 2020 conference: Solids in River Basins—Solids and Particle-Bound Pollutants, with a focus on Modeling, Monitoring, and Management (Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 25–26 June 2020) 6th IAHR Europe Congress Warsaw Poland 2020 (Warsaw, Poland, 30 June–2 July 2020) 14th International Conference on Hydroinformatics (HIC 2020) (Mexico City, Mexico, 26–30 July 2020)

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