WaterWired

CRS In Focus Report: 'A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program'

Here is a CRS two-pager by Diane P. Horn, A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program, published on 28 September 2018.

Probably useful this time of the year although some might say (TL)**2 (Too Little, Too Late). The graphic is not from the report. 

Download CRS_InFocus_NFIP_28Sept2018

Introduction

The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is the primary source of flood insurance coverage for residential properties in the United States. The NFIP has two main policy goals: (1) to provide access to primary flood insurance, thereby allowing for the transfer of some of the financial risk of property owners to the federal government; and (2) to mitigate and reduce the nation’s comprehensive flood risk through the development and implementation of floodplain management standards. A longer-term objective of the NFIP is to reduce federal expenditure on disaster assistance after floods. As a public insurance program, the goals of the NFIP are different from the goals of private- sector insurance companies. It encompasses social goals to provide flood insurance in flood-prone areas to property owners who otherwise would not be able to obtain it, and to reduce the government’s cost after floods. The NFIP also engages in many “noninsurance” activities in the publicinterest: it identifies and maps flood hazards, disseminates flood-risk information through flood maps, requires community land-use and building-code standards, contributes to community resilience by providing a mechanism to fund rebuilding after a flood, and offers grants and incentive programs for household- and community-level investments in flood-risk reduction.

Over 22,000 communities in 56 states and jurisdictions participate in the NFIP, with over 5 million policies providing nearly $1.29 trillion in coverage. The program collects nearly $3.6 billion in premium revenue each year. Floods are the most common natural disaster in the United States, and in recent years all 50 states have experienced flood events.

 

Enjoy!

"Never stand between a dog and a lampost." - former British PM Stanley Baldwin, quoted in @thetimes via @TheWeek

Bill Alley NGWA Editorial: 'Hurricane Florence - Why Is Nobody Talking About Groundwater?'

Friend and hydrogeologist extraordinaire Dr. Bill Alley, NGWA’s Director of Science and Technology, wrote the following editorial right after Hurricane Florence hit the East Coast last month. I scraped it from the NGWA website, primarily because I wanted to ensure it is permanently archived somewhere. Its content will become increasingly relevant as time passes; Bill's remarks transcend Florence. Hurricane Michael, anyone? Or Harvey? 

Hurricane Florence: Why Is Nobody Talking About Groundwater?

The historic flooding from Hurricane Florence has unleashed massive amounts of contaminants causing widespread pollution of streams, rivers, and lakes. Less obvious, but of considerable concern, are the effects on groundwater. Attention to groundwater quality is needed, both immediately and longer-term.

The sources of contamination are many in the region impacted by the storm: compromised hog-waste lagoons, dead animal carcasses, runoff from fields where billions of gallons of manure are sprayed annually, partially or wholly untreated sewage from municipal treatment plants suffering from power outages, breached coal ash storage ponds, and flooded hazardous waste sites, among others.

Much of the contaminant load in surface water will find its way into groundwater.

Of most immediate concern are the effects on homeowners’ wells, along with wells in trailer parks, campgrounds, and elsewhere that are used without treatment. Most of these wells are shallow, making them especially vulnerable to contamination.

Of particular concern are wells inundated by flooding. Mud and debris may have to be physically removed. But that’s just a start. No well is completely safe from flooding, but those with a cracked or improper cap are particularly vulnerable. Contaminated water also can fast-track into well water by flowing downward along the annulus between a well casing and the side of the borehole—again, older wells or those improperly constructed are most vulnerable. Wastewater from homeowners’ overloaded septic systems is yet another concern.

Most rural residents depend on a domestic well for their sole water supply. People whose wells have been flooded will need another source of water while their well is tested and disinfected. Disinfection is best done by a certified well contractor, which takes several days under normal circumstances when a contractor is available and may need to be repeated multiple times. Some wells may not be a safe source of water for months after the flood.

Bacteria and chemicals slowly seeping into the ground can contaminate groundwater even after the water is tested and found to be safe. Streams, rivers, and lakes are typically hydrologically connected to groundwater, resulting in the potential for widescale groundwater contamination throughout the region. It will be necessary to take long-range precautions, including repeated testing, to protect the safety of drinking water and to monitor the longer-term groundwater impacts.

As the region recovers from Florence, groundwater may be out-of-sight, but it should not be out-of-mind.

Dr. Bill Alley is the National Ground Water Association’s Science and Technology Director. Previously, he served as chief of the Office of Groundwater at the U.S. Geological Survey for nearly 20 years. Alley and his wife, Rosemarie, wrote the book High and Dry: Meeting the Challenges of the World’s Growing Dependence on Groundwater, which was released in early 2017.

Bill is spot-on with his assessment. It should be emphasized that the long-term effects are quite serious given the inherently insidious nature of groundwater contamination. The visuals for floods necessarily focus on surface effects - no explanation for that is required. But for once I'd love to see CNN's Anderson Cooper or Brooke Baldwin standing by a wellhead explaining the hidden dangers lurking in the floodwaters. 

I recall in my first hydrology class way back when (1970) - we learned that floodwaters are beneficial in that they recharge groundwater. But they forgot to mention a term that was often neglected in those days - water quality.  

"If you can not measure it, you can not improve it." - Lord Kelvin

Report from TAMU Law School Students: 'Flooding Events Post Hurricane Harvey - Potential Liability for Dam and Reservoir Operators and Recommendations Moving Forward'

Gabriel Eckstein, friend, Professor extraordinaire and Director of the Texas A&M Law School's Program in Natural Resources Systems, and Howard S. Slobodin, General Counsel of the Trinity River Authority of Texas, supervised TAMU law students David Ayala, Ashley Graves, Colton Lauer, Henrik Strand, Chad Taylor, Kyle Weldon, and Ryan Wood in the writing of the report:'Flooding Events Post Hurricane Harvey: Potential Liability for Dam and Reservoir Operators and Recommendations Moving Forward'.

Download Flooding Events Post Hurricane Harvey

 Here is the blurb that Gabriel sent around with his email:

A new report from Texas A&M University School of Law considers what liability dam and reservoir operators might face in light of the massive flooding that occurred in the Houston area following Hurricane Harvey: Flooding Events Post Hurricane Harvey: Potential Liability and Dam and Reservoir Operators and Recommendations Moving Forward.

Developed in the context of a capstone course, the student-written report reviews current dam and reservoir operations in Texas and examines relevant legal issues—such as inverse condemnation, sovereign immunity, water law, land use, tort liability, and others—that might arise in claims related to actions taken by dam operators in response to storm and flooding events. It also offers best practices recommendations for dam operations, including flooding notifications and building community relations, as a means to engage and educate the public, and thereby reduce the potential for disputes and litigation.

The full report can be accessed at www.law.tamu.edu/flooding..

Here is the Executive Summary:

When Hurricane Harvey hit the Texas coast as a category 4 hurricane on August 25, 2017, it resulted in $125 billion in damage, rivaling only Hurricane Katrina in the amount of damage caused. It also resulted in the deaths of 88 people and destroyed or damaged 135,000 homes. Much of that devastation was the result of flooding. The storm dumped over 27 trillion gallons of rain over Texas in a matter of days. Some parts of Houston received over 50 inches of rainfall.

The potential liability that dam and reservoir operators may face for decisions they make during storm and flooding events has now become a major concern for Texas citizens and its elected officials. Law suits have now been instituted against the federal government for its operation of two flood control reservoirs, as well as against the San Jacinto River Authority for its operation of a water supply reservoir. Moreover, the issues and concerns have been placed on the agenda of a number of committees preparing for the 2019 Texas legislative session.

This report reviews current dam and reservoir operations in Texas and examines the potential liability that such operators may face for actions and decisions taken in response to storm and flooding events. In Section III, the report reviews dam gate operations and differentiates between water supply reservoirs and flood control reservoirs. It also considers pre-release options and explains why such actions are disfavored and not recommended.

In Section IV, the report evaluates liabilities and defenses applicable to dam and reservoir operators. It explains how governmental immunity can limit the exposure of state and federally-run facilities to claims seeking monetary damages. It also discusses how such entities could be subject to claims of inverse condemnation, which generally are not subject to governmental immunity, under Texas law as well as under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In addition, the Section discusses negligence and nuisance claims and concludes that plaintiffs asserting either or both of these claims will have difficulty presenting successful arguments for flooding-related damage and harm against operators who act reasonably in the face of storm-related precipitation.

Finally, Section V offers recommendations that dam and reservoir operators might pursue in order to engage and educate the public and thereby reduce the potential for disputes and litigation. Specifically, the report highlights the need for expanded community outreach efforts to engage with municipalities, private land owners, and the business community in flood-prone neighborhoods both below and above a dam. It also recommends implementation of proactive flood notification procedures as a way of reaching and alerting as many people as possible of potential and imminent flooding events. Finally, the report proposes implementation of a dispute prevention and minimization mechanism and offers recommendations for the design and execution of such a program.

The report is the work product of students enrolled in the Natural Resources Systems Capstone Seminar at Texas A&M University School of Law under the supervision of Gabriel Eckstein, Professor of Law and Director of the TAMU Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, and Howard S. Slobodin, Adjunct Professor of Law and General Counsel of the Trinity River Authority of Texas.

Great experience for the students and an important publication.

Enjoy!

"No single raindrop believes it is to blame for the flood." - E. L. Kersten

Water, Volume 10, Issue 9 (September 2018): Hydraulics, Management, Governance, Hydrology, Energy-Water Nexus, and More!

Large Wood in Rivers - Tradeoffs between Ecology and Flood Risk Management

Water, Volume 10, Issue 9 (September 2018)

Click here if you cannot download the papers.

Cover Story

Modelling Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Large Wood Recruitment, Transport, and Deposition at the River Reach Scale during Extreme Floods

Andreas Paul Zischg, Niccolo Galatioto, Silvana Deplazes, Rolf Weingartner and Bruno Mazzorana

Water 2018, 10(9), 1134; doi:10.3390/w10091134

 

Featured Papers

Flood Routing in River Reaches Using a Three-Parameter Muskingum Model Coupled with an Improved Bat Algorithm

Saeed Farzin, Vijay P. Singh, Hojat Karami, Nazanin Farahani, Mohammad Ehteram, Ozgur Kisi, Mohammed Falah Allawi, Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd and Ahmed El-Shafie

Water 2018, 10(9), 1130; doi:10.3390/w10091130

Biofouling Formation and Bacterial Community Structure in Hybrid Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor-Membrane Bioreactors: Influence of Salinity Concentration

Alejandro Rodriguez-Sanchez, Juan Carlos Leyva-Diaz, Barbara Muñoz-Palazon, Maria Angustias Rivadeneyra, Miguel Hurtado-Martinez, Daniel Martin-Ramos, Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez, Jose Manuel Poyatos and Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez

Water 2018, 10(9), 1133; doi:10.3390/w10091133

The Role of ICT in Improving Sequential Decisions for Water Management in Agriculture

Francesco Cavazza, Francesco Galioto, Meri Raggi and Davide Viaggi

Water 2018, 10(9), 1141; doi:10.3390/w10091141

Recent Trends (2012–2016) of N, Si, and P Export from the Nemunas River Watershed: Loads, Unbalanced Stoichiometry, and Threats for Downstream Aquatic Ecosystems

Irma Vybernaite-Lubiene, Mindaugas Zilius, Laura Saltyte-Vaisiauske and Marco Bartoli

Water 2018, 10(9), 1178; doi:10.3390/w10091178

Contribution of Moisture from Mediterranean Sea to Extreme Precipitation Events over Danube River Basin

Danica Ciric, Raquel Nieto, Alexandre M. Ramos, Anita Drumond and Luis Gimeno

Water 2018, 10(9), 1182; doi:10.3390/w10091182

Spatial Pattern Oriented Multicriteria Sensitivity Analysis of a Distributed Hydrologic Model

Mehmet Cüneyd Demirel, Julian Koch, Gorka Mendiguren and Simon Stisen

Water 2018, 10(9), 1188; doi:10.3390/w10091188

Sustainable Water Resources Management: A Bibliometric Overview

Amador Durán-Sánchez, José Álvarez-García and María de la Cruz del Río-Rama

Water 2018, 10(9), 1191; doi:10.3390/w10091191

Making the Case for a Female-Friendly Toilet

Margaret L. Schmitt, David Clatworthy, Tom Ogello and Marni Sommer

Water 2018, 10(9), 1193; doi:10.3390/w10091193

Willingness to Pay for Rainwater Tank Features: A Post-Drought Analysis of Sydney Water Users

Sorada Tapsuwan, Stephen Cook and Magnus Moglia

Water 2018, 10(9), 1199; doi:10.3390/w10091199

Coupling of Ultrasonic and Photometric Techniques for Synchronous Measurements of Unconfined Turbidity Currents

Richard I. Wilson and Heide Friedrich

Water 2018, 10(9), 1246; doi:10.3390/w10091246

Irrigation Management Based on Reservoir Operation with an Improved Weed Algorithm

Mohammad Ehteram, Vijay P. Singh, Hojat Karami, Khosrow Hosseini, Mojgan Dianatikhah, Md. Shabbir Hossain, Chow Ming Fai and Ahmed El-Shafie

Water 2018, 10(9), 1267; doi:10.3390/w10091267 

Review

Water Resources Management and Governance

Muddy Waters: Refining the Way forward for the “Sustainability Science” of Socio-Hydrogeology

Paul Hynds, Shane Regan, Luisa Andrade, Simon Mooney, Kevin O’Malley, Stephanie DiPelino and Jean O’Dwyer

Water 2018, 10(9), 1111; doi:10.3390/w10091111

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Microbial Electrochemical Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Evolution from Microbial Fuel Cells to Bioelectrochemical-Based Constructed Wetlands

Carlos A. Ramírez-Vargas, Amanda Prado, Carlos A. Arias, Pedro N. Carvalho, Abraham Esteve-Núñez and Hans Brix

Water 2018, 10(9), 1128; doi:10.3390/w10091128

Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Membrane Bioreactor: Novel Processes and Their Major Drawbacks

Mohammed Abdulsalam, Hasfalina Che Man, Aida Isma Idris, Khairul Faezah Yunos and Zurina Zainal Abidin

Water 2018, 10(9), 1165; doi:10.3390/w10091165

 

Urban Water Management

Building a Methodology for Assessing Service Quality under Intermittent Domestic Water Supply

Assia Mokssit, Bernard de Gouvello, Aurélie Chazerain, François Figuères and Bruno Tassin

Water 2018, 10(9), 1164; doi:10.3390/w10091164

Hydrology

Explaining Water Pricing through a Water Security Lens

Paula Cecilia Soto Rios, Tariq A. Deen, Nidhi Nagabhatla and Gustavo Ayala

Water 2018, 10(9), 1173; doi:10.3390/w10091173

Water Quality and Ecosystems

Potential Impacts of Induced Bank Filtration on Surface Water Quality: A Conceptual Framework for Future Research

Mikael Gillefalk, Gudrun Massmann, Gunnar Nützmann and Sabine Hilt

Water 2018, 10(9), 1240; doi:10.3390/w10091240

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Research

Hydrology

Recent Changes in the Occurrences and Damages of Floods and Droughts in the United States

Qianqian Zhou, Guoyong Leng and Jian Peng

Water 2018, 10(9), 1109; doi:10.3390/w10091109

Vulnerability Assessment of Dam Water Supply Capacity Based on Bivariate Frequency Analysis Using Copula

Chulsang Yoo and Eunsaem Cho

Water 2018, 10(9), 1113; doi:10.3390/w10091113

Monthly Rainfall-Runoff Modeling at Watershed Scale: A Comparative Study of Data-Driven and Theory-Driven Approaches

Won Chang and Xi Chen

Water 2018, 10(9), 1116; doi:10.3390/w10091116

Variations of the Snow Water Equivalent in the Ourika Catchment (Morocco) over 2000–2018 Using Downscaled MERRA-2 Data

Mohamed Wassim Baba, Simon Gascoin, Lionel Jarlan, Vincent Simonneaux and Lahoucine Hanich

Water 2018, 10(9), 1120; doi:10.3390/w10091120

Intensity and Persistence of Soil Water Repellency in Pine Forest Soil in a Temperate Continental Climate under Drought Conditions

Edyta Hewelke, Lidia Oktaba, Dariusz Gozdowski, Marek Kondras, Izabella Olejniczak and Ewa Beata Górska

Water 2018, 10(9), 1121; doi:10.3390/w10091121

Validation of ECMWF Multi-Layer Reanalysis Soil Moisture Based on the OzNet Hydrology Network

Wenlong Jing, Jia Song and Xiaodan Zhao

Water 2018, 10(9), 1123; doi:10.3390/w10091123

Hydrological Modeling of Climate Change Impacts in a Tropical River Basin: A Case Study of the Cauto River, Cuba

Yalina Montecelos-Zamora, Tereza Cavazos, Thomas Kretzschmar, Enrique R. Vivoni, Gerald Corzo and Eugenio Molina-Navarro

Water 2018, 10(9), 1135; doi:10.3390/w10091135

Minimizing the Principle Stresses of Powerhoused Rock-Fill Dams Using Control Turbine Running Units: Application of Finite Element Method

Ameen Mohammed Salih Ameen, Zainah Ibrahim, Faridah Othman, Nadhir Al-Ansari and Zaher Mundher Yaseen

Water 2018, 10(9), 1138; doi:10.3390/w10091138

Seasonal and Event-Based Hydrological and Slope Stability Modeling of Pyroclastic Fall Deposits Covering Slopes in Campania (Southern Italy)

Pantaleone De Vita, Francesco Fusco, Rita Tufano and Delia Cusano

Water 2018, 10(9), 1140; doi:10.3390/w10091140

Improved Inverse Modeling by Separating Model Structural and Observational Errors

Qin-Bo Cheng, Xi Chen, Dan-Dan Cheng, Yan-Yan Wu and Yong-Yu Xie

Water 2018, 10(9), 1151; doi:10.3390/w10091151

Analysis of Natural Streamflow Variation and Its Influential Factors on the Yellow River from 1957 to 2010

Jie Wu, Zhihui Wang, Zengchuan Dong, Qiuhong Tang, Xizhi Lv and Guotao Dong

Water 2018, 10(9), 1155; doi:10.3390/w10091155

Multiple Linear Regression Models for Predicting Nonpoint-Source Pollutant Discharge from a Highland Agricultural Region

Jae Heon Cho and Jong Ho Lee

Water 2018, 10(9), 1156; doi:10.3390/w10091156

Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression for Flood Prediction in Mohawk River, New York

Katerina Tsakiri, Antonios Marsellos and Stelios Kapetanakis

Water 2018, 10(9), 1158; doi:10.3390/w10091158

Application of the 2D Depth-Averaged Model, FLATModel, to Pumiceous Debris Flows in the Amalfi Coast

Maria Nicolina Papa, Luca Sarno, Francesco Saverio Vitiello and Vicente Medina

Water 2018, 10(9), 1159; doi:10.3390/w10091159

Impact of Rain Gauges Distribution on the Runoff Simulation of a Small Mountain Catchment in Southern Ecuador

Adrián Sucozhañay and Rolando Célleri

Water 2018, 10(9), 1169; doi:10.3390/w10091169

Isotopic Characteristics of Precipitation and Origin of Moisture Sources in Hemuqiao Catchment, a Small Watershed in the Lower Reach of Yangtze River

Simin Qu, Xueqiu Chen, Yifan Wang, Peng Shi, Shuai Shan, Jianfeng Gou and Peng Jiang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1170; doi:10.3390/w10091170

Modified Richards’ Equation to Improve Estimates of Soil Moisture in Two-Layered Soils after Infiltration

Honglin Zhu, Tingxi Liu, Baolin Xue, Yinglan A. and Guoqiang Wang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1174; doi:10.3390/w10091174

The Influence of Groundwater on the Sliding and Deposition Behaviors of Cataclinal Slopes

Cheng-Hsueh Weng, Ming-Lang Lin, Chia-Ming Lo and Hsi-Hung Lin

Water 2018, 10(9), 1179; doi:10.3390/w10091179

Assessing Regional Climate Models (RCMs) Ensemble-Driven Reference Evapotranspiration over Spain

Patricia Olmos Giménez and Sandra G. García-Galiano

Water 2018, 10(9), 1181; doi:10.3390/w10091181

A Method for Detecting Abrupt Change of Sediment Discharge in the Loess Plateau, China

Dandan Shen, Weimin Bao and Peng Ni

Water 2018, 10(9), 1183; doi:10.3390/w10091183

Water Quantity and Quality under Future Climate and Societal Scenarios: A Basin-Wide Approach Applied to the Sorraia River, Portugal

Carina Almeida, Tiago B. Ramos, Pedro Segurado, Paulo Branco, Ramiro Neves and Rodrigo Proença de Oliveira

Water 2018, 10(9), 1186; doi:10.3390/w10091186

A Copula-Based Bayesian Network for Modeling Compound Flood Hazard from Riverine and Coastal Interactions at the Catchment Scale: An Application to the Houston Ship Channel, Texas

Anaïs Couasnon, Antonia Sebastian and Oswaldo Morales-Nápoles

Water 2018, 10(9), 1190; doi:10.3390/w10091190

Land Use and Land Cover Changes and Their Effect on the Flow Regime in the Upstream Dong Nai River Basin, Vietnam

Nguyen Cung Que Truong, Hong Quan Nguyen and Akihiko Kondoh

Water 2018, 10(9), 1206; doi:10.3390/w10091206

Winter Wheat Evapotranspiration Estimation under Drought Stress during Several Growth Stages in Huaibei Plain, China

Yi Cui, Shangming Jiang, Ping Feng, Juliang Jin and Hongwei Yuan

Water 2018, 10(9), 1208; doi:10.3390/w10091208

Calculation of Comprehensive Ecological Flow with Weighted Multiple Methods Considering Hydrological Alteration

Zhenxiang Xing, Yinan Wang, Xinglong Gong, Jingyan Wu, Yi Ji and Qiang Fu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1212; doi:10.3390/w10091212

New Hybrids of ANFIS with Several Optimization Algorithms for Flood Susceptibility Modeling

Dieu Tien Bui, Khabat Khosravi, Shaojun Li, Himan Shahabi, Mahdi Panahi, Vijay P. Singh, Kamran Chapi, Ataollah Shirzadi, Somayeh Panahi, Wei Chen and Baharin Bin Ahmad

Water 2018, 10(9), 1210; doi:10.3390/w10091210

An Integrated Hydrological-Hydraulic Model for Simulating Surface Water Flows of a Shallow Lake Surrounded by Large Floodplains

Tomohiro Tanaka, Hidekazu Yoshioka, Sokly Siev, Hideto Fujii, Yoichi Fujihara, Keisuke Hoshikawa, Sarann Ly and Chihiro Yoshimura

Water 2018, 10(9), 1213; doi:10.3390/w10091213

An Integrated Statistical Method to Generate Potential Future Climate Scenarios to Analyse Droughts

Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara, David Pulido-Velazquez and Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza

Water 2018, 10(9), 1224; doi:10.3390/w10091224

The Role of Attenuation and Land Management in Small Catchments to Remove Sediment and Phosphorus: A Modelling Study of Mitigation Options and Impacts

Russell Adams, Paul Quinn, Nick Barber and Sim Reaney

Water 2018, 10(9), 1227; doi:10.3390/w10091227

Quantitative Agricultural Flood Risk Assessment Using Vulnerability Surface and Copula Functions

Yongfang Wang, Guixiang Liu, Enliang Guo and Xiangjun Yun

Water 2018, 10(9), 1229; doi:10.3390/w10091229

Variation Analysis of Streamflows from 1956 to 2016 Along the Yellow River, China

Xiujie Wang, Bernard Engel, Ximin Yuan and Peixian Yuan

Water 2018, 10(9), 1231; doi:10.3390/w10091231

Regression Approaches for Hydrograph Separation: Implications for the Use of Discontinuous Electrical Conductivity Data

Antonia Longobardi, Paolo Villani, Domenico Guida and Albina Cuomo

Water 2018, 10(9), 1235; doi:10.3390/w10091235

Improving Reservoir Operation Criteria to Stabilize Water Supplies in a Multipurpose Dam: Focused on Nakdong River Basin in Korea

Jungmin Kim, Jinhyeog Park, Suhyung Jang, Hyungsan Kim and Hyunwoong Kang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1236; doi:10.3390/w10091236

Influence of Land and Water Rights on Land Degradation in Central Asia

Ekaterina Strikeleva, Iskandar Abdullaev and Tais Reznikova

Water 2018, 10(9), 1242; doi:10.3390/w10091242

Simulation of Runoff and Glacier Mass Balance and Sensitivity Analysis in a Glacierized Basin, North-Eastern Qinhai-Tibetan Plateau, China

Xiaopeng Zhang, Xiang Qin, Chunhai Xu and Yushuo Liu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1259; doi:10.3390/w10091259

Development and Integration of Sub-Daily Flood Modelling Capability within the SWAT Model and a Comparison with XAJ Model

Dachen Li, Simin Qu, Peng Shi, Xueqiu Chen, Feng Xue, Jianfeng Gou and Wenhao Zhang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1263; doi:10.3390/w10091263

An Improved Grid-Xinanjiang Model and Its Application in the Jinshajiang Basin, China

Changqing Meng, Jianzhong Zhou, Deyu Zhong, Chao Wang and Jun Guo

Water 2018, 10(9), 1265; doi:10.3390/w10091265

Development of RiverBox—An ArcGIS Toolbox for River Bathymetry Reconstruction

Tomasz Dysarz

Water 2018, 10(9), 1266; doi:10.3390/w10091266

Preliminary Study of Computational Time Steps in a Physically Based Distributed Rainfall–Runoff Model

Yun Seok Choi, Mun-Ju Shin and Kyung Tak Kim

Water 2018, 10(9), 1269; doi:10.3390/w10091269

Trend and Change-Point Analysis of Streamflow and Sediment Discharge of the Gongshui River in China during the Last 60 Years

Li-Ping Guo, Qiang Yu, Peng Gao, Xiao-Fei Nie, Kai-Tao Liao, Xiu-Long Chen, Jian-Min Hu and Xing-Min Mu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1273; doi:10.3390/w10091273

Developing Hydro-Meteorological Thresholds for Shallow Landslide Initiation and Early Warning

Benjamin B. Mirus, Michael D. Morphew and Joel B. Smith

Water 2018, 10(9), 1274; doi:10.3390/w10091274

Diurnal and Semidiurnal Cyclicity of Radon (²²²Rn) in Groundwater, Giardino Spring, Central Apennines, Italy

Marino Domenico Barberio, Francesca Gori, Maurizio Barbieri, Andrea Billi, Roberto Devoti, Carlo Doglioni, Marco Petitta, Federica Riguzzi and Sergio Rusi

Water 2018, 10(9), 1276; doi:10.3390/w10091276

Detecting the Dominant Cause of Streamflow Decline in the Loess Plateau of China Based onthe Latest Budyko Equation

Jing Zhao, Shengzhi Huang, Qiang Huang, Hao Wang and Guoyong Leng

Water 2018, 10(9), 1277; doi:10.3390/w10091277

Projected Changes in Hydrological Extremes in the Yangtze River Basin with an Ensemble of Regional Climate Simulations

Huanghe Gu, Zhongbo Yu, Chuanguo Yang and Qin Ju

Water 2018, 10(9), 1279; doi:10.3390/w10091279

Building ANN-Based Regional Multi-Step-Ahead Flood Inundation Forecast Models

Li-Chiu Chang, Mohd Zaki M. Amin, Shun-Nien Yang and Fi-John Chang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1283; doi:10.3390/w10091283

Water Resources Management and Governance

Multi-Objective Optimization of Resilient Design of the Multipurpose Reservoir in Conditions of Uncertain Climate Change

Stanislav Paseka, Zoran Kapelan and Daniel Marton

Water 2018, 10(9), 1110; doi:10.3390/w10091110

Evaluation of Potential Evapotranspiration Based on CMADS Reanalysis Dataset over China

Ye Tian, Kejun Zhang, Yue-Ping Xu, Xichao Gao and Jie Wang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1126; doi:10.3390/w10091126

Towards a New Paradigm of Urban Water Infrastructure: Identifying Goals and Strategies to Support Multi-Benefit Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Sasha Harris-Lovett, Judit Lienert and David L. Sedlak

Water 2018, 10(9), 1127; doi:10.3390/w10091127

Water Resources Carrying Capacity Analysis of YarLung Tsangpo River Basin (I)

Lili Wang, Zhonggen Wang and Xiaocong Liu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1131; doi:10.3390/w10091131

Drivers of Ecosystem Metabolism in Two Managed Shallow Lakes with Different Salinity and Trophic Conditions: The Sauce Grande and La Salada Lakes (Argentina)

María Belén Alfonso, Andrea Soledad Brendel, Alejandro José Vitale, Carina Seitz, María Cintia Piccolo and Gerardo Miguel Eduardo Perillo

Water 2018, 10(9), 1136; doi:10.3390/w10091136

Using a Hierarchical Approach to Calibrate SWAT and Predict the Semi-Arid Hydrologic Regime of Northeastern Brazil

Carlos A. S. Santos, Carina Almeida, Tiago B. Ramos, Felizardo A. Rocha, Rodrigo Oliveira and Ramiro Neves

Water 2018, 10(9), 1137; doi:10.3390/w10091137

Optimizing Policy for Balanced Industrial Profit and Water Pollution Control under a Complex Socioecological System Using a Multiagent-Based Model

Caiyun Deng, Hongrui Wang, Weiguang Zhang and Zhiqian Jiao

Water 2018, 10(9), 1139; doi:10.3390/w10091139

Utilization Characteristics and Sustainability Evaluation of Water Resources in China

Jingxin Sun, Xiang Yu, Qishan Xiao, Jianfeng Song and Shikun Sun

Water 2018, 10(9), 1142; doi:10.3390/w10091142

Modeling Landscape Change Effects on Stream Temperature Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool

Mamoon Mustafa, Brad Barnhart, Meghna Babbar-Sebens and Darren Ficklin

Water 2018, 10(9), 1143; doi:10.3390/w10091143

Response of the Downstream Braided Channel to Zhikong Reservoir on Lhasa River

Xinyu Wu, Zhiwei Li, Peng Gao, Cao Huang and Tiesong Hu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1144; doi:10.3390/w10091144

Water Quality Prediction Method Based on IGRA and LSTM

Jian Zhou, Yuanyuan Wang, Fu Xiao, Yunyun Wang and Lijuan Sun

Water 2018, 10(9), 1148; doi:10.3390/w10091148

Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range

Kimberley R. Miner, Seth Campbell, Christopher Gerbi, Anna Liljedahl, Therese Anderson, L. Brian Perkins, Steven Bernsen, Tiffany Gatesman and Karl J. Kreutz

Water 2018, 10(9), 1157; doi:10.3390/w10091157

Impact of Coal Resource Development on Streamflow Characteristics: Influence of Climate Variability and Climate Change

Francis H. S. Chiew, Guobin Fu, David A. Post, Yongqiang Zhang, Biao Wang and Neil R. Viney

Water 2018, 10(9), 1161; doi:10.3390/w10091161

Investigating the Dynamic Influence of Hydrological Model Parameters on Runoff Simulation Using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting-2-Based Multilevel-Factorial-Analysis Method

Shuai Zhou, Yimin Wang, Jianxia Chang, Aijun Guo and Ziyan Li

Water 2018, 10(9), 1177; doi:10.3390/w10091177

Water Resource Optimal Allocation Based on Multi-Agent Game Theory of HanJiang River Basin

Qi Han, Guangming Tan, Xiang Fu, Yadong Mei and Zhenyu Yang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1184; doi:10.3390/w10091184

Study on the Water Resource Carrying Capacity in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Based on Water Resource Allocation

Ruining Jia, Xiaohui Jiang, Xingxing Shang and Chen Wei

Water 2018, 10(9), 1203; doi:10.3390/w10091203

Evaluation and Hydrological Application of CMADS against TRMM 3B42V7, PERSIANN-CDR, NCEP-CFSR, and Gauge-Based Datasets in Xiang River Basin of China

Xichao Gao, Qian Zhu, Zhiyong Yang and Hao Wang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1225; doi:10.3390/w10091225

Values and Preferences for Domestic Water Use: A Study from the Transboundary River Basin of Mékrou (West Africa)

Vasileios Markantonis, Celine Dondeynaz, Dionysis Latinopoulos, Kostas Bithas, Ioannis Trichakis, Yèkambèssoun N’Tcha M’Po and Cesar Carmona Moreno

Water 2018, 10(9), 1232; doi:10.3390/w10091232

Evaluating Equity and Inclusion in Access to Water and Sanitation for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Wukro, Ethiopia

Ruben Jimenez-Redal, Natalie Holowko, Jabier Almandoz, Javier Soriano, Francisco Arregui and Francesc Magrinya

Water 2018, 10(9), 1237; doi:10.3390/w10091237

A Framework for Assessing Instream Supporting Ecosystem Services Based on Hydroecological Modelling

Sikhululekile Ncube, Annie Visser and Lindsay Beevers

Water 2018, 10(9), 1247; doi:10.3390/w10091247

Optimal Operation of Cascade Reservoirs for Flood Control of Multiple Areas Downstream: A Case Study in the Upper Yangtze River Basin

Chao Zhou, Na Sun, Lu Chen, Yi Ding, Jianzhong Zhou, Gang Zha, Guanglei Luo, Ling Dai and Xin Yang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1250; doi:10.3390/w10091250

Investigating the Effects of Social Trust and Perceived Organizational Support on Irrigation Management Performance in Rural China

Liu Yang, Anthony Rezitis, Yuchun Zhu and Yang Ren

Water 2018, 10(9), 1252; doi:10.3390/w10091252

A Novel Methodology for Multiple-Year Regulation of Reservoir Active Storage Capacity

Panayotis C. Yannopoulos and Alexander C. Demetracopoulos

Water 2018, 10(9), 1254; doi:10.3390/w10091254

Assessing Slope Forest Effect on Flood Process Caused by a Short-Duration Storm in a Small Catchment

Jingming Hou, Kaihua Guo, Feifei Liu, Hao Han, Qiuhua Liang, Yu Tong and Peng Li

Water 2018, 10(9), 1256; doi:10.3390/w10091256

Future Predictions of Rainfall and Temperature Using GCM and ANN for Arid Regions: A Case Study for the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Khalid Alotaibi, Abdul Razzaq Ghumman, Husnain Haider, Yousry Mahmoud Ghazaw and Md. Shafiquzzaman

Water 2018, 10(9), 1260; doi:10.3390/w10091260

A Systematic Operation Program of a Hydropower Plant Based on Minimizing the Principal Stress: Haditha Dam Case Study

Jing Li, Ameen Mohammed Salih Ameen, Thamer Ahmad Mohammad, Nadhir Al-Ansari and Zaher Mundher Yaseen

Water 2018, 10(9), 1270; doi:10.3390/w10091270

Community-Managed Water Supply Systems in Rural Uganda: The Role of Participation and Capacity Development

Daniel Etongo, G. Honor Fagan, Consolata Kabonesa and Richard Asaba B.

Water 2018, 10(9), 1271; doi:10.3390/w10091271

Interval Multi-Attribute Decision of Watershed Ecological Compensation Schemes Based on Projection Pursuit Cluster

Ming Zhang, Jinghong Zhou and Runjuan Zhou

Water 2018, 10(9), 1280; doi:10.3390/w10091280

Irrigation Canal System Delivery Scheduling Based on a Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Ye Liu, Ting Yang, Rong-Heng Zhao, Yi-Bo Li, Wen-Ju Zhao and Xiao-Yi Ma

Water 2018, 10(9), 1281; doi:10.3390/w10091281

Urban Water Management

Application of Bayesian Approach to Dynamic Assessment of Flood in Urban Underground Spaces

Jiansong Wu, Weipeng Fang, Zhuqiang Hu and Bangzhao Hong

Water 2018, 10(9), 1112; doi:10.3390/w10091112

Drag Effect of Water Consumption on Urbanization—A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2015

Min An, Van Butsic, Weijun He, Zhaofang Zhang, Teng Qin, Zhengwei Huang and Liang Yuan

Water 2018, 10(9), 1115; doi:10.3390/w10091115

Simultaneous Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Roadway Stormwater Runoff Using Different Filter Media in Column Studies

Tadele Measho Haile and Maria Fuerhacker

Water 2018, 10(9), 1160; doi:10.3390/w10091160

Optimization of China Sponge City Design: The Case of Lincang Technology Innovation Park

Nan Li, Chengxin Qin and Pengfei Du

Water 2018, 10(9), 1189; doi:10.3390/w10091189

Estimating the Infiltration Area for Concentrated Stormwater Spreading over Grassed and Other Slopes

John S. Tyner, Daniel C. Yoder, Jacob Parker and William C. Credille

Water 2018, 10(9), 1200; doi:10.3390/w10091200

The Influence of Geotextile Type and Position in a Porous Asphalt Pavement System on Pb (II) Removal from Stormwater

Yao Zhao, Shuyu Zhou, Chen Zhao and Caterina Valeo

Water 2018, 10(9), 1205; doi:10.3390/w10091205

Factors Affecting Runoff Retention Performance of Extensive Green Roofs

Yongwei Gong, Dingkun Yin, Xing Fang and Junqi Li

Water 2018, 10(9), 1217; doi:10.3390/w10091217

Enhancing Residential Water End Use Pattern Recognition Accuracy Using Self-Organizing Maps and K-Means Clustering Techniques: Autoflow v3.1

Ao Yang, Hong Zhang, Rodney A. Stewart and Khoi Nguyen

Water 2018, 10(9), 1221; doi:10.3390/w10091221

Improving Water Distribution Systems Robustness through Optimal Valve Installation

Young Hwan Choi, Donghwi Jung, Hwandon Jun and Joong Hoon Kim

Water 2018, 10(9), 1223; doi:10.3390/w10091223

Sewer Condition Prediction and Analysis of Explanatory Factors

Tuija Laakso, Teemu Kokkonen, Ilkka Mellin and Riku Vahala

Water 2018, 10(9), 1239; doi:10.3390/w10091239

Evaporation from (Blue-)Green Roofs: Assessing the Benefits of a Storage and Capillary Irrigation System Based on Measurements and Modeling

Dirk Gijsbert Cirkel, Bernard R. Voortman, Thijs van Veen and Ruud P. Bartholomeus

Water 2018, 10(9), 1253; doi:10.3390/w10091253

Risk Assessment of Upper-Middle Reaches of Luanhe River Basin in Sudden Water Pollution Incidents Based on Control Units of Water Function Areas

Yao Xiao, Suiliang Huang, Jianguo Zhou, Fanqing Kong, Mingzhe Liu and Ying Li

Water 2018, 10(9), 1268; doi:10.3390/w10091268

Framework for WASH Sector Data Improvements in Data-Poor Environments, Applied to Accra, Ghana

Rembrandt H. E. M. Koppelaar, May N. Sule, Zoltán Kis, Foster K. Mensah, Xiaonan Wang, Charalampos Triantafyllidis, Koen H. van Dam and Nilay Shah

Water 2018, 10(9), 1278; doi:10.3390/w10091278

How Environmental Protection Motivation Influences on Residents’ Recycled Water Reuse Behaviors: A Case Study in Xi’an City

Xiaojun Liu, Yuqi He, Hanliang Fu, Baiyu Chen, Mengmeng Wang and Zelin Wang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1282; doi:10.3390/w10091282

Thermal and Hydrodynamic Changes under a Warmer Climate in a Variably Stratified Hypereutrophic Reservoir

Raymond Mark Lee, Trent Wade Biggs and Xing Fang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1284; doi:10.3390/w10091284

Water–Food–Energy Nexus

Operational Evaluation of a Small Hydropower Plant in the Context of Sustainable Development

Natalia Walczak

Water 2018, 10(9), 1114; doi:10.3390/w10091114

Irrigation Governance in Developing Countries: Current Problems and Solutions

Enrique Playán, Juan Antonio Sagardoy and Rosendo Castillo

Water 2018, 10(9), 1118; doi:10.3390/w10091118

Optimization-Based Agricultural Water-Saving Potential Analysis in Minqin County, Gansu Province China

Qiong Yue, Fan Zhang and Ping Guo

Water 2018, 10(9), 1125; doi:10.3390/w10091125

Quantification of Daily Water Requirements of Container-Grown Calathea and StromantheProduced in a Shaded Greenhouse

Richard C. Beeson and Jianjun Chen

Water 2018, 10(9), 1194; doi:10.3390/w10091194

Numerical Simulation of Gate Control for Unsteady Irrigation Flow to Improve Water Use Efficiency in Farming

Tianyu Fang, Yu Gu, Xiangli He, Xiaodong Liu, Yu Han and Jian Chen

Water 2018, 10(9), 1196; doi:10.3390/w10091196

Hydropower Future: Between Climate Change, Renewable Deployment, Carbon and Fuel Prices

Alessandro Ranzani, Mattia Bonato, Epari Ritesh Patro, Ludovic Gaudard and Carlo De Michele

Water 2018, 10(9), 1197; doi:10.3390/w10091197

Estimating Changes in the Green Water Productivity of Cropping Systems in Northern Shaanxi Province in China’s Loess Plateau

Jinping Wang, Jinzhu Ma, Afton Clarke-Sather and Jiansheng Qu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1198; doi:10.3390/w10091198

Stable Isotope Analysis Reveals the Importance of Riparian Resources as Carbon Subsidies for Fish Species in the Daning River, a Tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Huatang Deng, Yun Li, Mingdian Liu, Xinbin Duan, Shaoping Liu and Daqing Chen

Water 2018, 10(9), 1233; doi:10.3390/w10091233

Describing and Visualizing a Water–Energy–Food Nexus System

Aiko Endo, Terukazu Kumazawa, Michinori Kimura, Makoto Yamada, Takaaki Kato and Kouji Kozaki

Water 2018, 10(9), 1245; doi:10.3390/w10091245

Hydraulics

Attenuation of Tides and Surges by Mangroves: Contrasting Case Studies from New Zealand

John M. Montgomery, Karin R. Bryan, Erik M. Horstman and Julia C. Mullarney

Water 2018, 10(9), 1119; doi:10.3390/w10091119

Characterizing Near-Surface Fractured-Rock Aquifers: Insights Provided by the Numerical Analysis of Electrical Resistivity Experiments

Serdar Demirel, Delphine Roubinet, James Irving and Emily Voytek

Water 2018, 10(9), 1117; doi:10.3390/w10091117

Transient Analysis of Grout Penetration With Time-Dependent Viscosity Inside 3D Fractured Rock Mass by Unified Pipe-Network Method

Zizheng Sun, Xiao Yan, Rentai Liu, Zhenhao Xu, Shucai Li and Yiming Zhang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1122; doi:10.3390/w10091122

Development of Bubble Characteristics on Chute Spillway Bottom

Ruidi Bai, Chang Liu, Bingyang Feng, Shanjun Liu and Faxing Zhang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1129; doi:10.3390/w10091129

Numerical Simulation of Wave Propagation, Breaking, and Setup on Steep Fringing Reefs

Shanju Zhang, Liangsheng Zhu and Jianhua Li

Water 2018, 10(9), 1147; doi:10.3390/w10091147

Experimental Investigations of Interactions between Sand Wave Movements, Flow Structure, and Individual Aquatic Plants in Natural Rivers: A Case Study of Potamogeton Pectinatus L.

Łukasz Przyborowski, Anna Maria Łoboda and Robert Józef Bialik

Water 2018, 10(9), 1166; doi:10.3390/w10091166

Laboratory Investigation on the Evolution of a Sandy Beach Nourishment Protected by a Mixed Soft–Hard System

Alessandra Saponieri, Nico Valentini, Marcello Di Risio, Davide Pasquali and Leonardo Damiani

Water 2018, 10(9), 1171; doi:10.3390/w10091171

In-Situ and Numerical Investigation of Groundwater Inrush Hazard from Grouted Karst Collapse Pillar in Longwall Mining

Dan Ma, Xin Cai, Qiang Li and Hongyu Duan

Water 2018, 10(9), 1187; doi:10.3390/w10091187

Experiments on Turbulence Intensity and Bubble Frequency in Self-Aerated Open Channel Flows

Ruidi Bai, Faxing Zhang, Shanjun Liu and Wei Wang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1201; doi:10.3390/w10091201

Experimental Study of Influence of Karst Aquifer on the Law of Water Inrush in Tunnels

Weimin Yang, Zhongdong Fang, Xin Yang, Shaoshuai Shi, Jing Wang, Hao Wang, Lin Bu, Liping Li, Zongqing Zhou and Xueqing Li

Water 2018, 10(9), 1211; doi:10.3390/w10091211

Macroinvertebrate Biodiversity Trends and Habitat Relationships within Headwater Rivers of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Mengzhen Xu, Na Zhao, Xiongdong Zhou, Baozhu Pan, Wei Liu, Shimin Tian and Zhaoyin Wang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1214; doi:10.3390/w10091214

Application of a Coastal Vulnerability Index. A Case Study along the Apulian Coastline, Italy

Daniela Pantusa, Felice D’Alessandro, Luigia Riefolo, Francesca Principato and Giuseppe Roberto Tomasicchio

Water 2018, 10(9), 1218; doi:10.3390/w10091218

Study of Hydrodynamic Interference of Vertical-Axis Tidal Turbine Array

Guangnian Li, Qingren Chen and Hanbin Gu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1228; doi:10.3390/w10091228

Evaluation of the Non-Darcy Effect of Water Inrush from Karst Collapse Columns by Means of a Nonlinear Flow Model

Yi Xue, Teng Teng, Lin Zhu, Mingming He, Jie Ren, Xun Dong and Fei Liu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1234; doi:10.3390/w10091234

Mathematical Modeling of Ice Dynamics as a Decision Support Tool in River Engineering

Tomasz Kolerski

Water 2018, 10(9), 1241; doi:10.3390/w10091241

A Hooked-Collar for Bridge Piers Protection: Flow Fields and Scour

Su-Chin Chen, Samkele Tfwala, Tsung-Yuan Wu, Hsun-Chuan Chan and Hsien-Ter Chou

Water 2018, 10(9), 1251; doi:10.3390/w10091251

Estimation of Precipitation Evolution from Desert to Oasis Using Information Entropy Theory: A Case Study in Tarim Basin of Northwestern China

Xiangyang Zhou, Zhipan Niu and Wenjuan Lei

Water 2018, 10(9), 1258; doi:10.3390/w10091258

Assessing the Analytical Solution of One-Dimensional Gravity Wave Model Equations Using Dam-Break Experimental Measurements

Wenjun Liu, Bo Wang, Yunliang Chen, Chao Wu and Xin Liu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1261; doi:10.3390/w10091261

Experimental Study on the Impact Characteristics of Cavitation Bubble Collapse on a Wall

Jing Luo, Weilin Xu, Jun Deng, Yanwei Zhai and Qi Zhang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1262; doi:10.3390/w10091262

Collapsing Mechanisms of the Typical Cohesive Riverbank along the Ningxia–Inner Mongolia Catchment

Guosheng Duan, Anping Shu, Matteo Rubinato, Shu Wang and Fuyang Zhu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1272; doi:10.3390/w10091272

Water Quality and Ecosystems

The Integration of Nature-Inspired Algorithms with Least Square Support Vector Regression Models: Application to Modeling River Dissolved Oxygen Concentration

Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Mohammad Ehteram, Ahmad Sharafati, Shamsuddin Shahid, Nadhir Al-Ansari and Ahmed El-Shafie

Water 2018, 10(9), 1124; doi:10.3390/w10091124

Quantity and Quality of Surface and Subsurface Runoff from an Eroded Loess Slope Used for Agricultural Purposes

Andrzej Mazur

Water 2018, 10(9), 1132; doi:10.3390/w10091132

Multi-Parameter Compensation Method for Accurate In Situ Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter Monitoring and Properties Characterization

Guilherme F. de Oliveira, Edoardo Bertone, Rodney A. Stewart, John Awad, Aleicia Holland, Kelvin O’Halloran and Steve Bird

Water 2018, 10(9), 1146; doi:10.3390/w10091146

First-Principles Study on the Migration of Heavy Metal Ions in Ice-Water Medium from Ulansuhai Lake

Chi Sun, Changyou Li, Jianjun Liu, Xiaohong Shi, Shengnan Zhao, Yong Wu and Weidong Tian

Water 2018, 10(9), 1149; doi:10.3390/w10091149

The Functioning of a Water Body Within a Fluvio-Lacustrine System as an Effect of Excessive Nitrogen Loading—The Case of Lake Symsar and its Drainage Area (Northeastern Poland)

Angela Kuriata-Potasznik

Water 2018, 10(9), 1163; doi:10.3390/w10091163

Hydrological Performance and Runoff Water Quality of Experimental Green Roofs

Grzegorz Pęczkowski, Tomasz Kowalczyk, Katarzyna Szawernoga, Wojciech Orzepowski, Romuald Żmuda and Ryszard Pokładek

Water 2018, 10(9), 1185; doi:10.3390/w10091185

Threshold Responses of Macroinvertebrate Communities to Stream Velocity in Relation to Hydropower Dam: A Case Study from The Guayas River Basin (Ecuador)

Thi Hanh Tien Nguyen, Marie Anne Eurie Forio, Pieter Boets, Koen Lock, Minar Naomi Damanik Ambarita, Natalija Suhareva, Gert Everaert, Christine Van der heyden, Luis Elvin Dominguez-Granda, Thu Huong Thi Hoang and Peter Goethals

Water 2018, 10(9), 1195; doi:10.3390/w10091195

The Contribution of Different Restored Habitats to Fish Diversity and Population Development in a Highly Modified River: A Case Study from the River Günz

Joachim Pander and Juergen Geist

Water 2018, 10(9), 1202; doi:10.3390/w10091202

Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in a Long-Term Reclaimed Water Irrigation Area, North China Plain

Xiaomin Gu, Yong Xiao, Shiyang Yin, Qichen Hao, Honglu Liu, Zhongyong Hao, Geping Meng, Qiuming Pei and Huijun Yan

Water 2018, 10(9), 1209; doi:10.3390/w10091209

Adsorption of Aclonifen, Alachlor, Cd and Cu onto Natural River Suspended Matter in the Context of Multi-Pollutions: Influence of Contaminant Co-Presence and Order of Input into the Aqueous Solution

Desiree El Azzi, François Laurent, Vincent Roussiez, Lei Chou, Maritxu Guiresse and Jean-Luc Probst

Water 2018, 10(9), 1222; doi:10.3390/w10091222

Soil Moisture, Grass Production and Mesquite Resprout Architecture Following Mesquite Above-Ground Mortality

R. James Ansley, Tian Zhang and Caitlyn Cooper

Water 2018, 10(9), 1243; doi:10.3390/w10091243

Water Quality as an Indicator of Stream Restoration Effects—A Case Study of the Kwacza River Restoration Project

Natalia Mrozińska, Katarzyna Glińska-Lewczuk, Paweł Burandt, Szymon Kobus, Wojciech Gotkiewicz, Monika Szymańska, Martyna Bąkowska and Krystian Obolewski

Water 2018, 10(9), 1249; doi:10.3390/w10091249

Effect of Water Management Technology Used in Trout Culture on Water Quality in Fish Ponds

Marcin Sidoruk and Ireneusz Cymes

Water 2018, 10(9), 1264; doi:10.3390/w10091264

Maternal Environment Effect of Warming and Eutrophication on the Emergence of Curled Pondweed, Potamogeton crispus L.

Chao Li, Tao Wang, Min Zhang and Jun Xu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1285; doi:10.3390/w10091285

Water Use and Scarcity

Impact of Social Factors in Agricultural Production on the Crop Water Footprint in Xinjiang, China

Pei Zhang, Xiaoya Deng, Aihua Long, Yang Hai, Yang Li, Hao Wang and Hailiang Xu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1145; doi:10.3390/w10091145

Considering Abrupt Change in Rainfall for Flood Season Division: A Case Study of the Zhangjia Zhuang Reservoir, Based on a New Model

Li Tang and Yongbo Zhang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1152; doi:10.3390/w10091152

Advances in the Economic Analysis of Residential Water Use: An Introduction

Arnaud Reynaud and Giulia Romano

Water 2018, 10(9), 1162; doi:10.3390/w10091162

Water Footprint Accounting Along the Wheat-Bread Value Chain: Implications for Sustainable and Productive Water Use Benchmarks

Pascalina Matohlang Mohlotsane, Enoch Owusu-Sekyere, Henry Jordaan, Jonannes Hendrikus Barnard and Leon Daniel van Rensburg

Water 2018, 10(9), 1167; doi:10.3390/w10091167

Evolution of Crop Water Productivity in the Nile Delta over Three Decades (1985–2015)

Samia M. El-Marsafawy, Atef Swelam and Ashraf Ghanem

Water 2018, 10(9), 1168; doi:10.3390/w10091168

Evaluation of Water-Storage and Water-Saving Potential for Paddy Fields in Gaoyou, China

Chuanjuan Wang, Shaoli Wang, Haorui Chen, Jiandong Wang, Yuan Tao and Jing Liu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1176; doi:10.3390/w10091176

Optimal Irrigation Mode and Spatio-Temporal Variability Characteristics of Soil Moisture Content in Different Growth Stages of Winter Wheat

Yujian Yang, Yanbo Huang, Yong Zhang and Xueqin Tong

Water 2018, 10(9), 1180; doi:10.3390/w10091180

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Decontamination of Arsenic in Actual Water Samples by Calcium Containing Layered Double Hydroxides from a Convenient Synthesis Method

Hongtao Lu, Shuxia Liu, Hua Zhang, Yanling Qiu, Jianfu Zhao and Zhiliang Zhu

Water 2018, 10(9), 1150; doi:10.3390/w10091150

Development of a Field Laboratory for Monitoring of Fecal-Sludge Treatment Plants

Johannes Bousek, Marco Skodak, Magdalena Bäuerl, Georg Ecker, Jan Spit, Adam Hayes and Werner Fuchs

Water 2018, 10(9), 1153; doi:10.3390/w10091153

Evaluation of Key Antimicrobial Properties of Moringa oleifera in Relation to Its Use as a Hand-Washing Product

Jasmine Naemi-Baghshomali Clark, Monica Jimenez, Enrique Raso, Loretta Antwi, Lawrence H. Ofosu-Appiah, David Opare and Belen Torondel

Water 2018, 10(9), 1154; doi:10.3390/w10091154

Microspheres as Surrogate Helminth Eggs: A Comparative Labscale Sedimentation Study for Tap- and Wastewater

Barbara K. Arthur, Edith Nettmann, Andrea Rademacher, Manfred Lübken, Bernd Marschner and Marc Wichern

Water 2018, 10(9), 1192; doi:10.3390/w10091192

The Effect of Ca and Mg Ions on the Filtration Profile of Sodium Alginate Solution in a Polyethersulfone-2-(methacryloyloxy) Ethyl Phosphorylchloline Membrane

Nasrul Arahman, Suffriandy Satria, Fachrul Razi and M. Roil Bilad

Water 2018, 10(9), 1207; doi:10.3390/w10091207

Inhibition of Cationic Polymer-Induced Colloid Flocculation by Polyacrylic Acid

Voon Huey Lim, Yuji Yamashita, Yen Thi Hai Doan and Yasuhisa Adachi

Water 2018, 10(9), 1215; doi:10.3390/w10091215

Searching for Activity Markers that Approximate (VBNC) Legionella pneumophila Infectivity in Amoeba after Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation

Michael R. Grossi, Rafik Dey and Nicholas J. Ashbolt

Water 2018, 10(9), 1219; doi:10.3390/w10091219

Engineering Analysis of Plant and Fungal Contributions to Bioretention Performance

Alex Taylor, Jill Wetzel, Emma Mudrock, Kennith King, James Cameron, Jay Davis and Jenifer McIntyre

Water 2018, 10(9), 1226; doi:10.3390/w10091226

Insight into the Degradation of Two Benzophenone-Type UV Filters by the UV/H₂O₂Advanced Oxidation Process

Erdeng Du, Jiaqi Li, Siqi Zhou, Miao Li, Xiang Liu and Huajie Li

Water 2018, 10(9), 1238; doi:10.3390/w10091238

Effect of Aeration Rates and Filter Media Heights on the Performance of Pollutant Removal in an Up-Flow Biological Aerated Filter

Jiehui Ren, Wen Cheng, Tian Wan, Min Wang and Chengcheng Zhang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1244; doi:10.3390/w10091244

Determining Discharge Characteristics and Limits of Heavy Metals and Metalloids for Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in China Based on Statistical Methods

Yuhua Zhou, Jing Lei, Yu Zhang, Jing Zhu, Yanna Lu, Xuefang Wu and Hao Fang

Water 2018, 10(9), 1248; doi:10.3390/w10091248

Energy Efficient Operation of Variable Speed Submersible Pumps: Simulation of a Ground Water Well Field

Alexander Sperlich, Dino Pfeiffer, Jens Burgschweiger, Enrique Campbell, Marcus Beck, Regina Gnirss and Mathias Ernst

Water 2018, 10(9), 1255; doi:10.3390/w10091255

Formation of Palygorskite Clay from Treated Diatomite and its Application for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution

Houwaida Nefzi, Manef Abderrabba, Sameh Ayadi and Jalel Labidi

Water 2018, 10(9), 1257; doi:10.3390/w10091257

A Novel System for Water Disinfection with UV Radiation

Bassam A. Younis, Laura Mahoney and Nicholas Palomo

Water 2018, 10(9), 1275; doi:10.3390/w10091275

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Correction

Correction: Hou, B. et al. Conceptual Framework and Computational Research of Hierarchical Residential Household Water Demand. Water 2018, 10, 696

Wenxiang Pan, Baodeng Hou, Ruixiang Yang, Xuzhu Zhan, Wenkai Tian, Baoqi Li, Weihua Xiao, Jianhua Wang, Yuyan Zhou, Yong Zhao and Xuerui Gao

Water 2018, 10(9), 1172; doi:10.3390/w10091172

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Communication

Symbolic Regression-Based Genetic Approximations of the Colebrook Equation for Flow Friction

Pavel Praks and Dejan Brkić

Water 2018, 10(9), 1175; doi:10.3390/w10091175

Spatiotemporal Rainfall Trends in the Brazilian Legal Amazon between the Years 1998 and 2015

Celso H. L. Silva Junior, Catherine T. Almeida, Jessflan R. N. Santos, Liana O. Anderson, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão and Fabrício B. Silva

Water 2018, 10(9), 1220; doi:10.3390/w10091220

 

Essay

Effect of a Lateral Jet on the Turbulent Flow Characteristics of an Open Channel Flow with Rigid Vegetation

Sufen Teng, Minquan Feng, Kailin Chen, Weijie Wang and Bangmin Zheng

Water 2018, 10(9), 1204; doi:10.3390/w10091204

 

Editorial

Advances in Ecological Water System Modeling: Integration and Leanification as a Basis for Application in Environmental Management

Peter L.M. Goethals and Marie Anne Eurie Forio

Water 2018, 10(9), 1216; doi:10.3390/w10091216

Transitioning to Sponge Cities: Challenges and Opportunities to Address Urban Water Problems in China

Chris Zevenbergen, Dafang Fu and Assela Pathirana

Water 2018, 10(9), 1230; doi:10.3390/w10091230

 

Special Issues Open for Submissions

Study of Lagoons and Other Shallow Water Bodies Through the Application of Numerical Models
(Deadline: 18 October 2018)

The Nexus of Alpine Glacier Watersheds, Climate Change and Human Activity
(Deadline: 29 October 2018)

Soil Hydrology in Agriculture
(Deadline: 30 October 2018)

Water Resources Management and Policy Development: International Security and Economic Relations
(Deadline: 30 October 2018)

Data-Driven Methods for Agricultural Water Management
(Deadline: 31 October 2018)

Erosion and Torrent Control
(Deadline: 31 October 2018)

Water Governance: Retheorizing Politics
(Deadline: 31 October 2018)

Innovation Issues in Water, Agriculture and Food
(Deadline: 31 October 2018)

Catchment Modelling
(Deadline: 31 October 2018)

Interactions of the Terrestrial Hydrologic, Energy, and Biogeochemical Cycles
(Deadline: 31 October 2018)

To access the full list of Special Issues, please click here

Topical Collection (without Deadline)

Water Policy Collection

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Enjoy!

"The first and most important step in talking climate? Connect on shared values." -  @KHayhoe

Four CRS Reports on Floods, Insurance, Disasters, Emergencies, Relief, Transportation and More!

Each of these CRS reports has been published/updated in the last few weeks; three have been published or updated in the past week.

What timing - just when Hurricane Florence is crawling through the Carolinas. 

1) The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Reinsurance, and Catastrophe Bonds by Diane P. Horn and Baird Webel. CRS Insight (2 pages), 11 September 2018, 5 pages, Updated

2) Closing the Flood Insurance Gap by Diane P. Horn, CRS Insight (5 pages), Updated 10 September 2018.

3) National Flood Insurance Program Borrowing Authority by Diane P. Horn, CRS Insight (4 pages), Updated: 10 September 2018.

4) Emergency Relief for Disaster-Damaged Roads and Public Transportation Systems by Robert S. Kirk and William J. Mallett, CRS Report (16 pages), 29 August 2018.

Download CRS_Emergency_Relief_29August2018

Summary

The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) provides federal assistance for disaster-damaged roads and public transportation systems through two programs: the Emergency Relief Program (ER) administered by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Public Transportation Emergency Relief Program administered by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). These programs are funded mainly by appropriations that have varied considerably from year to year. Over time the amounts are substantial. Since 2012, the Highway ER Program hasreceived $5.4 billion; FTA’s ER program has received $10.7 billion, all but $330 million ofwhich was in response to Hurricane Sandy.

Roads and bridges that are federal-aid highways or are public-use roads on federal lands are eligible for assistance under FHWA’s ER Program. Following natural disasters (such as Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria in 2017, which damaged highways in Florida, Texas, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands), or catastrophic failures (such as the 2013 collapse of the Skagit River Bridge in Washington State), ER funds are made available for both emergency repairs and restoration of eligible facilities to conditions comparable to those before the disaster.

Although emergency relief for highways is a federal program, the decision to seek ER funding is made by a state government or by a federal land management agency. Local governments are not eligible to apply. The program is funded by a permanent annual authorization of $100 million from the Highway Trust Fund (HTF) along with general fund appropriations providedby Congress on a “such sums as necessary” basis. Appropriated ER funds have averaged roughly $730 million annually since FY2009. FHWA pays 100% of the cost of emergency repairs done to minimize the extent of damage, to protect remaining facilities, and to restore essential traffic during or immediately after a disaster. Emergency repairs must be completed within 180 days of the disaster event. Permanent repairs go beyond the restoration of essential traffic and are intended to restore damaged bridges and roads to conditions and capabilities comparable to those before the event. The federal share for permanent repairs is generally 80% for non-Interstate roads and 90% for Interstate Highways.

All ER funding is distributed through state departments of transportation or federal land management agencies such as theNational Park Service. Certain “quick release” funds are allocated to help with initial emergency repair costs and may bereleased prior to completion of detailed damage inspections and cost estimates. Other allocations to the states follow a more deliberate process of completing detailed damage reports, developing cost estimates, and processing competitive bids.

Unlike the long-standing ER program in highways, the Public Transportation ER Program dates to 2012. The Public Transportation ER program provides federal funding on a reimbursement basis to public transportation agencies, states, and other government authorities for damage to public transportation facilities or operations as a result of a natural disaster or other emergency and to protect assets from future damage. The Public Transportation ER program provides federal support for both capital and operating expenses. Unlike the FHWA’s ER program, FTA’s ER program does not have a permanent annual authorization. All funds are authorized on a “such sums as necessary” basis and are available only pursuant to anappropriation from the general fund of the U.S. Treasury. In the absence of an appropriation, transit agencies must rely on funds from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Since its creation in 2012, there have been two appropriations to the Public Transportation ER program. More than $10 billion was appropriated in 2013 to respond to Hurricane Sandy and $330 million was appropriated in 2018 to respond to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria.

Two recurring issues drawing congressional attention are funding levels and funding of activities that go beyond restoring transportation facilities to predisaster conditions, such as making damaged highways more resilient to natural disasters.FTA’s ER program has fewer limits and more flexibility than the emergency relief programs administered by FEMA andFHWA; thus it too faces questions about expenditures that go beyond repairing damage from a disaster. The lack of a permanent annual authorization for FTA means FTA cannot provide funding immediately after a disaster or emergency, and transit agencies must rely on FEMA for a quick response.

 Enjoy!

"Nothing discloses real character like the use of power." - Robert Green Ingersoll (19th century), quoted in @washingtpost (via @TheWeek)