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Paper: 'Global Groundwater Sustainability, Resources and Systems in the Anthropocene'

Great review paper submitted to Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences by Tom Gleeson, Mark Cuthbert, Grant Ferguson and Debra Perrone:
Global Groundwater Sustainability, Resources and Systems in the Anthropocene

Since this has been posted in a few places, co-author Grant Ferguson said it would be okay to publish it here. Tom Gleeson is listed as the corresponding author so address your comments to him.  

Download Gleeson review 15July19

Abstract (with three key points)
Groundwater is a crucial resource for current and future generations but is not being sustainably used in many parts of the world. The objective of this review is to provide a clear portrait of global-scale groundwater sustainability, systems and resources in the Anthropocene, in order to inspire a pivot towards more sustainable pathways. We examine groundwater from three different but related perspectives of sustainability science, natural resource governance and management, and Earth Systems science. We propose that groundwater sustainability can be defined with a direct link with observable data, governance and management as well as the crucial functions and services of groundwater. An Earth System approach highlights the connections between groundwater and the rest of the hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere, and how these connections are impacting, or impacted by, groundwater pumping. Regional differences in priorities, hydrology, politics, culture and economic contexts mean that different governance and management tools are important. But a global perspective can support higher level international policies in an increasingly globalised world, that require broader analysis of interconnections between regions and knowledge transfer between regions. 

1. Groundwater is depleted or contaminated in some regions and ubiquitously distributed which, importantly, makes it broadly accessible, but also slow and invisible and therefore challenging to govern and manage.

2. Groundwater is the largest store of unfrozen freshwater on Earth and is heterogeneously connected to a number of Earth System processes on different timescales.

3. A coherent overarching framework of groundwater sustainability is more important for groundwater governance and management than the concepts of safe yield, renewability, depletion or stress.

More...three sidebars......

Figures....

Summary Points:

1. Groundwater is a crucial resource for current and future generations but is not being sustainably used in many parts of the world.

2. Groundwater is distributed, slow and invisible which make it accessible to rural or disadvantaged communities but challenging to govern and manage. Groundwater governance is often fragmented, with vast differences amongst regions and their management priorities.

3. Sustainability can be simply and operationally defined with a direct link with observable data (water levels, flows or quality), groundwater governance and management and groundwater functions and services.

4. A coherent overarching framework of groundwater sustainability is more important for groundwater management, policy and governance than the concepts of safe yield, renewability, depletion or stress.

5. Groundwater is the largest store of freshwater on Earth and is heterogeneously connected to a number of Earth System processes on different timescales.

6. An Earth System approach highlights the connections between groundwater and rest of hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere, and how these connections are impacted by groundwater pumping.

7. Regional differences in priorities, hydrology, politics, culture and economic conditions mean that different governance and management tools are appropriate and effective in different regions while a global perspective allows prioritization of regions or knowledge transfer between regions.

    

Future Issues:

1. Groundwater quality: Data synthesis, analysis and modeling of patterns, time and space scales, drivers of global groundwater quality and integrating groundwater quality and quantity is needed, including point source, non-point source and novel pollutants.

2. Groundwater sustainability simulators and decision-support tools: We need to develop a holistic quantitative analysis and modeling framework that is useful for interdisciplinary groundwater sustainability goals . This framework may include elements or linkages of agent-based models (Castilla-Rho et al., 2017), hydrologic models of coupled groundwater-surface-atmosphere (de Graaf et al., 2017), economic models (Kahil et al., 2018), land use models as well as an accessible user-interface for water managers to run scenarios and trade-off analysis.

3. Groundwater sustainability as Grand Challenge and exemplar of Earth System sustainability: Can groundwater sustainability be a ‘Grand Challenge’ for science and policy (Fogg & LaBolle, 2006)? Or more broadly, can groundwater sustainability be an exemplar for Earth sustainability and resilience since groundwater like other parts of the Earth System have a wide range of residence times, distributed resource, complex and heterogeneous management and governance?

4. Groundwater in global sustainability frameworks: The role and importance of groundwater in the UN Sustainable Development Goals as well as the planetary boundaries needs clarifying and resolving in order to work towards defining a safe and sustainable operating space for groundwater. This research may integrate the role of groundwater in environmental flows (T. Gleeson & Richter, 2018) and/or ecosystem services (Griebler & Avramov, 2015).

5. Groundwater and resilience: the resilience of socio-ecological systems such as groundwater in irrigated agricultural watersheds is under-researched and appreciated. Applying a resilience lens to groundwater could involve resilience across different time scales (see https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/549873v1).

6. Law of the Hidden Sea or groundwater in the global commons: Although subsurface rights are defined in many regions, exploring a global ethical framework for a ‘Law of the Hidden Sea’ or more generally how, or if, groundwater should be considered part of the global commons could be fruitful (Lopez-Gunn & Jarvis, 2009).

7. Groundwater and the good Anthropocene: emphasizing hopeful elements of existing practice offers the opportunity to motivate, accelerate and define well-articulated pathways toward a more positive future. We need to define groundwater-related 'seeds of good Anthropocene' (Bennett et al. 2016) 

8. Global groundwater governance: Groundwater governance to date has always been at local to national scales except for transboundary aquifers and the European Union groundwater directive and groundwater framework directive (European Union, 2000). Exploring some of the benefits and possibilities of international cooperation in groundwater governance (Hoekstra, 2017) or global groundwater governance as has been discussed for water more broadly (Gupta and Pahl-Wostl, 2013) could be useful. 

Enjoy!

“Earth provides enough to satisfy every human’s needs, but not every human’s greed.” - Mahatma Gandhi 

Water, Volume 11, Issue 9 (September 2019): Management, Governance, Water Quality, Ecosystems, Hydraulics, Hydrology, Water-Energy-Food Nexus, Groundwater, Wastewater Treatment, More!

If you cannot download the articles click here.

Cover Story

Article: An Integrated Approach for Studying the Hydrology of the Ljubljansko Polje Aquifer in Slovenia and Its Simulation

Janja Vrzel, Ralf Ludwig, Goran Vižintin and Nives Ogrinc

Water 2019, 11(9), 1753; doi:10.3390/w11091753

 

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Quadros, Haroldo Fraga de Campos Velho and Osvaldo Luiz Leal de Moraes Water 2019, 11(9), 1890; doi:10.3390/w11091890 Hydraulics Article: On the Variability of the Circulation and Water Mass Properties in the Eastern Levantine Sea between September 2016–August 2017 Elena Mauri, Lina Sitz, Riccardo Gerin, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Daniel Hayes and Hezi Gildor Water 2019, 11(9), 1741; doi:10.3390/w11091741 Article: Scour Evolution Downstream of Submerged Weirs in Clear Water Scour Conditions Dawei Guan, Jingang Liu, Yee-Meng Chiew and Yingzheng Zhou Water 2019, 11(9), 1746; doi:10.3390/w11091746 Article: Impact Assessment of Pier Shape and Modifications on Scouring around Bridge Pier Rashid Farooq and Abdul Razzaq Ghumman Water 2019, 11(9), 1761; doi:10.3390/w11091761 Article: Combined Effect of Tides and Wind on Water Exchange in a Semi-Enclosed Shallow Sea Jiancheng Shang, Jian Sun, Lei Tao, Yuanyi Li, Zhenhua Nie, Haiying Liu, Rui Chen and Dekui Yuan Water 2019, 11(9), 1762; doi:10.3390/w11091762 Article: Hydraulic Jump below Abrupt Asymmetric Expanding Stilling Basin on Rough Bed Nafiseh Torkamanzad, Ali Hosseinzadeh Dalir, Farzin Salmasi and Akram Abbaspour Water 2019, 11(9), 1756; doi:10.3390/w11091756 Article: Resistance of Laminar Drain Reinforcement Levee against Overflow Erosion Yuki Kurakami and Yasuo Nihei Water 2019, 11(9), 1768; doi:10.3390/w11091768 Article: The Effect of Modifying a CFD-AB Approach on Fish Passage through a Model Hydraulic Dam Anvar Gilmanov, Daniel Zielinski, Vaughan Voller and Peter Sorensen Water 2019, 11(9), 1776; doi:10.3390/w11091776 Article: Numerical Simulation of the Sound Field of a Five-Stage Centrifugal Pump with Different Turbulence Models Li Wang, Houlin Liu, Kai Wang, Ling Zhou, Xiaoping Jiang and Yu Li Water 2019, 11(9), 1777; doi:10.3390/w11091777 Article: A Comparative Study of Comprehensive Modeling Systems for Sediment Transport in a Curved Open Channel Keivan Kaveh, Markus Reisenbüchler, Sandip Lamichhane, Tobias Liepert, Ngoc Dung Nguyen, Minh Duc Bui and Peter Rutschmann Water 2019, 11(9), 1779; doi:10.3390/w11091779 Article: Levantine Intermediate and Levantine Deep Water Formation: An Argo Float Study from 2001 to 2017 Elisabeth Kubin, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Elena Mauri, Milena Menna and Giulio Notarstefano Water 2019, 11(9), 1781; doi:10.3390/w11091781 Article: Protecting a Pumping Pipeline System from Low Pressure Transients by Using Air Pockets: A Case Study Rafael Bernardo Carmona-Paredes, Oscar Pozos-Estrada, Libia Georgina Carmona-Paredes, Alejandro Sánchez-Huerta, Eduardo Antonio Rodal-Canales and Germán Jorge Carmona-Paredes Water 2019, 11(9), 1786; doi:10.3390/w11091786 Article: Effect of a Commercial Air Valve on the Rapid Filling of a Single Pipeline: a Numerical and Experimental Analysis Óscar E. Coronado-Hernández, Mohsen Besharat, Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel and Helena M. Ramos Water 2019, 11(9), 1814; doi:10.3390/w11091814 Article: Comparisons of Local Scouring for Submerged Square and Circular Cross-Section Piles in Steady Currents Shengtao Du and Bingchen Liang Water 2019, 11(9), 1820; doi:10.3390/w11091820 Article: Effects of Spur Dikes on Water Flow Diversity and Fish Aggregation Tingjie Huang, Yan Lu and Huaixiang Liu Water 2019, 11(9), 1822; doi:10.3390/w11091822 Article: Modelling of Flow Parameters through Subsurface Drainage Modules for Application in BIOECODS Abdurrasheed Sa’id Abdurrasheed, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Alqadami, Husna Takaijudin, Aminuddin Ab. Ghani, Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad, Abdulkadir Taofeeq Sholagberu, Muhammad Kashfy Zainalfikry, Manal Osman and Mohammed Shihab Patel Water 2019, 11(9), 1823; doi:10.3390/w11091823 Article: Effects of Climate Change and Flow Regulation on the Flow Characteristics of a Low-Relief River within Southern Boreal Climate Area Elina Kasvi, Eliisa Lotsari, Miia Kumpumäki, Tanja Dubrovin and Noora Veijalainen Water 2019, 11(9), 1827; doi:10.3390/w11091827 Article: Confluence Dynamics in a Modelled Large Sand-Bed Braided River Haiyan Yang and Peitong Cong Water 2019, 11(9), 1829; doi:10.3390/w11091829 Article: Application of an Analytic Methodology to Estimate the Movements of Moored Vessels Based on Forecast Data José Sande, Andrés Figuero, Javier Tarrío-Saavedra, Enrique Peña, Alberto Alvarellos and Juan Ramón Rabuñal Water 2019, 11(9), 1841; doi:10.3390/w11091841 Article: Enhancing the Flow Characteristics in a Branching Channel Based on a Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Flow Model Hydar Lafta Ali, Badronnisa Yusuf, Thamer Ahamed Mohammed, Yasuyuki Shimizu, Mohd Shahrizal Ab Razak and Balqis Mohamed Rehan Water 2019, 11(9), 1863; doi:10.3390/w11091863 Article: Transient Hydraulic Tomography Analysis of Fourteen Pumping Tests at a Highly Heterogeneous Multiple Aquifer–Aquitard System Zhanfeng Zhao, Walter A. Illman, Yuanyuan Zha, Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh, Chin Man Bill Mok, Steven J. Berg and Dongmei Han Water 2019, 11(9), 1864; doi:10.3390/w11091864 Article: Simulation of the Transient Characteristics of Water Pipeline Leakage with Different Bending Angles Qiaoling Zhang, Feng Wu, Zhendong Yang, Guodong Li and Juanli Zuo Water 2019, 11(9), 1871; doi:10.3390/w11091871 Article: Smooth Open Channel with Increasing Aspect Ratio: Influence on Secondary Flow Siyu Jing, Wenjun Yang and Yue Chen Water 2019, 11(9), 1872; doi:10.3390/w11091872 Article: Case Study: Model Test on the Effects of Grade Control Datum Drop on the Upstream Bed Morphology in Shiting River Xudong Ma, Lu Wang, Ruihua Nie, Kejun Yang and Xingnian Liu Water 2019, 11(9), 1898; doi:10.3390/w11091898 Article: Turbulence Characteristics before and after Scour Upstream of a Scaled-Down Bridge Pier Model Seung Oh Lee and Seung Ho Hong Water 2019, 11(9), 1900; doi:10.3390/w11091900 Article: Development of a Safety-Inspection Method for River Bridges in Turkey Huseyin Akay, Musteyde Baduna Kocyigit and A. Melih Yanmaz Water 2019, 11(9), 1902; doi:10.3390/w11091902 Article: Application of MODFLOW with Boundary Conditions Analyses Based on Limited Available Observations: A Case Study of Birjand Plain in East Iran Reza Aghlmand and Ali Abbasi Water 2019, 11(9), 1904; doi:10.3390/w11091904 Article: Wall Stresses in Cylinder of Stationary Piped Carriage Using COMSOL Multiphysics Xiaoni Yang, Juanjuan Ma, Yongye Li, Xihuan Sun, Xiaomeng Jia and Yonggang Li Water 2019, 11(9), 1910; doi:10.3390/w11091910 Article: Modeling Sugar Beet Responses to Irrigation with AquaCrop for Optimizing Water Allocation Margarita Garcia-Vila, Rodrigo Morillo-Velarde and Elias Fereres Water 2019, 11(9), 1918; doi:10.3390/w11091918 Article: A Numerical Study of Fluid Flow in a Vertical Slot Fishway with the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method Gorazd Novak, Angelantonio Tafuni, José M. Domínguez, Matjaž Četina and Dušan Žagar Water 2019, 11(9), 1928; doi:10.3390/w11091928 Article: Improving Flows in Misaligned Culverts Rick Jaeger, Carolyn Jacobs, Katharina Tondera and Neil Tindale Water 2019, 11(9), 1932; doi:10.3390/w11091932 Article: Concentration Measurement of Uniform Particles Based on Backscatter Sensing of Optical Fibers Rui Huang, Qinghe Zhang, Pengfei Qi and Weiwei Liu Water 2019, 11(9), 1955; doi:10.3390/w11091955 Hydrology Article: The Stable Isotopic Composition of Different Water Bodies at the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC) of the Western Loess Plateau, China Cunwei Che, Mingjun Zhang, Athanassios A. Argiriou, Shengjie Wang, Qinqin Du, Peipei Zhao and Zhuanzhuan Ma Water 2019, 11(9), 1742; doi:10.3390/w11091742 Article: Transient Flow and Transport Modelling of an Historical CHC Source in North-West Milano Loris Colombo, Luca Alberti, Pietro Mazzon and Giovanni Formentin Water 2019, 11(9), 1745; doi:10.3390/w11091745 Article: Assessment of Sediment Transport Functions with the Modified SWAT-Twn Model for a Taiwanese Small Mountainous Watershed Chih-Mei Lu and Li-Chi Chiang Water 2019, 11(9), 1749; doi:10.3390/w11091749 Article: Can We Calibrate a Daily Time-Step Hydrological Model Using Monthly Time-Step Discharge Data? Soham Adla, Shivam Tripathi and Markus Disse Water 2019, 11(9), 1750; doi:10.3390/w11091750 Article: A Regression Model of Stream Water Quality Based on Interactions between Landscape Composition and Riparian Buffer Width in Small Catchments Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra, Carlos Alberto Valera, Renata Cristina Araújo Costa, Hygor Evangelista Siqueira, Marcílio Vieira Martins Filho, Renato Farias do Valle Júnior, Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes and Fernando António Leal Pacheco Water 2019, 11(9), 1757; doi:10.3390/w11091757 Article: Stable Isotope Composition of River Waters across the World Yi Nan, Fuqiang Tian, Hongchang Hu, Lixin Wang and Sihan Zhao Water 2019, 11(9), 1760; doi:10.3390/w11091760 Article: Estimating the Isotopic Altitude Gradient for Hydrogeological Studies in Mountainous Areas: Are the Low-Yield Springs Suitable? Insights from the Northern Apennines of Italy Alberto Tazioli, Federico Cervi, Marco Doveri, Mario Mussi, Manuela Deiana and Francesco Ronchetti Water 2019, 11(9), 1764; doi:10.3390/w11091764 Article: Hydrogeological and Climatological Risks Perception in a Multi-Hazard Environment: The Case of Greece Katerina Papagiannaki, Michalis Diakakis, Vassiliki Kotroni, Kostas Lagouvardos and Emmanuel Andreadakis Water 2019, 11(9), 1770; doi:10.3390/w11091770 Article: Assessing the Performance of CMIP5 Global Climate Models for Simulating Future Precipitation Change in the Tibetan Plateau Kun Jia, Yunfeng Ruan, Yanzhao Yang and Chao Zhang Water 2019, 11(9), 1771; doi:10.3390/w11091771 Article: Geochemical and Isotopic Compositions and Geothermometry of Thermal Waters in the Magumsan Area, South Korea Chan-Ho Jeong, Byeong-Dae Lee, Jae-Ha Yang, Keisuke Nagao, Kyu-Han Kim, Sang-Won Ahn, Yong-Cheon Lee, Yu-Jin Lee and Hyeon-Woo Jang Water 2019, 11(9), 1774; doi:10.3390/w11091774 Article: Trend Analysis of Hydroclimatic Variables in the Kamo River Basin, Japan Maochuan Hu, Takahiro Sayama, Sophal TRY, Kaoru Takara and Kenji Tanaka Water 2019, 11(9), 1782; doi:10.3390/w11091782 Article: Role of Groundwater-Borne Geogenic Phosphorus for the Internal P Release in Shallow Lakes Catharina S. Nisbeth, Søren Jessen, Ole Bennike, Jacob Kidmose and Kasper Reitzel Water 2019, 11(9), 1783; doi:10.3390/w11091783 Article: The Well Efficiency Criteria Revisited—Development of a General Well Efficiency Criteria (GWEC) Based on Rorabaugh’s Model Bedri Kurtulus, Tolga Necati Yaylım, Ozgur Avşar, Halit Fatih Kulac and Moumtaz Razack Water 2019, 11(9), 1784; doi:10.3390/w11091784 Article: Estimating Evaporation from Irrigation Canals in the Midstream Areas of the Heihe River Basin by a Double-Deck Surface Air Layer (DSAL) Model Weizhen Wang, Feinan Xu, Suhua Liu, Long Wei, Jiaojiao Feng, Haining Wei, Leilei Dong, Yueru Wu and Tetsuo Kobayashi Water 2019, 11(9), 1788; doi:10.3390/w11091788 Article: Advanced Method to Capture the Time-Lag Effects between Annual NDVI and Precipitation Variation Using RNN in the Arid and Semi-Arid Grasslands Taosuo Wu, Feng Feng, Qian Lin and Hongmei Bai Water 2019, 11(9), 1789; doi:10.3390/w11091789 Article: Drought Risk under Climate and Land Use Changes: Implication to Water Resource Availability at Catchment Scale Muhammad Afzal and Ragab Ragab Water 2019, 11(9), 1790; doi:10.3390/w11091790 Article: An Improved Genetic Algorithm Coupling a Back-Propagation Neural Network Model (IGA-BPNN) for Water-Level Predictions Nengcheng Chen, Chang Xiong, Wenying Du, Chao Wang, Xin Lin and Zeqiang Chen Water 2019, 11(9), 1795; doi:10.3390/w11091795 Article: Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydro-Climate of Peninsular Malaysia Ir. Mohd Zaki bin Mat Amin, Ali Ercan, Kei Ishida, M. Levent Kavvas, Z.Q. Chen and Su-Hyung Jang Water 2019, 11(9), 1798; doi:10.3390/w11091798 Article: Interannual Hydroclimatic Variability of the Lake Mweru Basin, Zambia Peter Waylen, Christopher Annear and Erin Bunting Water 2019, 11(9), 1801; doi:10.3390/w11091801 Article: Estimation of Soil Erosion in the Chaohu Lake Basin through Modified Soil Erodibility Combined with Gravel Content in the RUSLE Model Sai Hu, Long Li, Longqian Chen, Liang Cheng, Lina Yuan, Xiaodong Huang and Ting Zhang Water 2019, 11(9), 1806; doi:10.3390/w11091806 Article: Hydrological Early Warning System Based on a Deep Learning Runoff Model Coupled with a Meteorological Forecast Alberto de la Fuente, Viviana Meruane and Carolina Meruane Water 2019, 11(9), 1808; doi:10.3390/w11091808 Article: Nonstationary Flood Hazard Analysis in Response to Climate Change and Population Growth Lei Yan, Lingqi Li, Pengtao Yan, Hongmou He, Jing Li and Dongyang Lu Water 2019, 11(9), 1811; doi:10.3390/w11091811 Article: Estimation of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Granular Soils from Particle Size Parameters Ji-Peng Wang, Pei-Zhi Zhuang, Ji-Yuan Luan, Tai-Heng Liu, Yi-Ran Tan and Jiong Zhang Water 2019, 11(9), 1826; doi:10.3390/w11091826 Article: The Long-Term Effects of Land Use and Climate Changes on the Hydro-Morphology of the Reno River Catchment (Northern Italy) Donatella Pavanelli, Claudio Cavazza, Stevo Lavrnić and Attilio Toscano Water 2019, 11(9), 1831; doi:10.3390/w11091831 Article: Trends in Drought over the Northeast United States Nir Y. Krakauer, Tarendra Lakhankar and Damien Hudson Water 2019, 11(9), 1834; doi:10.3390/w11091834 Article: Application of Stable Isotopes of Water to Study Coupled Submarine Groundwater Discharge and Nutrient Delivery Carlos Duque, Søren Jessen, Joel Tirado-Conde, Sachin Karan and Peter Engesgaard Water 2019, 11(9), 1842; doi:10.3390/w11091842 Article: A Novel Hybrid Extreme Learning Machine Approach Improved by K Nearest Neighbor Method and Fireworks Algorithm for Flood Forecasting in Medium and Small Watershed of Loess Region Juanhui Ren, Bo Ren, Qiuwen Zhang and Xiuqing Zheng Water 2019, 11(9), 1848; doi:10.3390/w11091848 Article: Morphological Changes of the Lower Tedori River, Japan, over 50 Years Dang Minh Hai, Shinya Umeda and Masatoshi Yuhi Water 2019, 11(9), 1852; doi:10.3390/w11091852 Article: Long-Term Trends and Seasonality Detection of the Observed Flow in Yangtze River Using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s Innovative Trend Method Rawshan Ali, Alban Kuriqi, Shadan Abubaker and Ozgur Kisi Water 2019, 11(9), 1855; doi:10.3390/w11091855 Article: Rainfall–Runoff Processes and Modelling in Regions Characterized by Deficiency in Soil Water Storage Pengfei Shi, Tao Yang, Chong-Yu Xu, Bin Yong, Ching-Sheng Huang, Zhenya Li, Youwei Qin, Xiaoyan Wang, Xudong Zhou and Shu Li Water 2019, 11(9), 1858; doi:10.3390/w11091858 Article: Source Identification and Quantification of Seepage Water in a Coastal Mine, in China Xueliang Duan, Fengshan Ma, Jie Guo, Haijun Zhao, Hongyu Gu, Shuaiqi Liu and Qihao Sun Water 2019, 11(9), 1862; doi:10.3390/w11091862 Article: Hydrodynamic-Based Numerical Assessment of Flood Risk of Tamuín City, Mexico, by Tampaón River: A Forecast Considering Climate Change Clemente Rodríguez-Cuevas, Hermann Rocha-Escalante, Carlos Couder-Castañeda, Isaac Medina and Jorge J. Hernández-Gómez Water 2019, 11(9), 1867; doi:10.3390/w11091867 Article: High Resolution Monitoring of Seawater Intrusion in a Multi-Aquifer System-Implementation of a New Downhole Geophysical Tool Adi Tal, Yishai Weinstein, Matthieu Baïsset, Arik Golan and Yoseph Yechieli Water 2019, 11(9), 1877; doi:10.3390/w11091877 Article: Groundwater Recharge Prediction Using Linear Regression, Multi-Layer Perception Network, and Deep Learning Xin Huang, Lei Gao, Russell S. Crosbie, Nan Zhang, Guobin Fu and Rebecca Doble Water 2019, 11(9), 1879; doi:10.3390/w11091879 Article: A Comprehensive Performance Assessment of the Modified Philip–Dunne Infiltrometer Zuhier Alakayleh, Xing Fang and T. Prabhakar Clement Water 2019, 11(9), 1881; doi:10.3390/w11091881 Article: Hydrodynamic and Soil Biodiversity Characterization in an Active Landslide Sara Remelli, Emma Petrella, Alessandro Chelli, Federica Delia Conti, Carlos Lozano Fondón, Fulvio Celico, Roberto Francese and Cristina Menta Water 2019, 11(9), 1882; doi:10.3390/w11091882 Article: A Study on the Improvement of Flood Forecasting Techniques in Urban Areas by Considering Rainfall Intensity and Duration Yeon Moon Choo, Deok Jun Jo, Gwan Seon Yun and Eui Hoon Lee Water 2019, 11(9), 1883; doi:10.3390/w11091883 Article: Flood Risk Assessment of the Wadi Nu’man Basin, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (During the Period, 1988–2019) Based on the Integration of Geomatics and Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study Ashraf Abdelkarim and Ahmed F.D. Gaber Water 2019, 11(9), 1887; doi:10.3390/w11091887 Article: Dependence Between Extreme Rainfall Events and the Seasonality and Bivariate Properties of Floods. A Continuous Distributed Physically-Based Approach Ivan Gabriel-Martin, Alvaro Sordo-Ward, Luis Garrote and Juan T. García Water 2019, 11(9), 1896; doi:10.3390/w11091896 Article: The Role of Management of Stream–Riparian Zones on Subsurface–Surface Flow Components Mads Steiness, Søren Jessen, Mattia Spitilli, Sofie G. W. van’t Veen, Anker Lajer Højberg and Peter Engesgaard Water 2019, 11(9), 1905; doi:10.3390/w11091905 Article: Evaluation of MOD16 Algorithm over Irrigated Rice Paddy Using Flux Tower Measurements in Southern Brazil Vanessa de Arruda Souza, Débora Regina Roberti, Anderson Luis Ruhoff, Tamíres Zimmer, Daniela Santini Adamatti, Luis Gustavo G. de Gonçalves, Marcelo Bortoluzzi Diaz, Rita de Cássia Marques Alves and Osvaldo L. L. de Moraes Water 2019, 11(9), 1911; doi:10.3390/w11091911 Article: Physically Based Estimation of Rainfall Thresholds Triggering Shallow Landslides in Volcanic Slopes of Southern Italy Francesco Fusco, Pantaleone De Vita, Benjamin B. Mirus, Rex L. Baum, Vincenzo Allocca, Rita Tufano, Enrico Di Clemente and Domenico Calcaterra Water 2019, 11(9), 1915; doi:10.3390/w11091915 Article: Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Precipitation and Temperature in Punjab, Pakistan Zain Nawaz, Xin Li, Yingying Chen, Yanlong Guo, Xufeng Wang and Naima Nawaz Water 2019, 11(9), 1916; doi:10.3390/w11091916 Article: Pilot-Scale Evaluation of a Permeable Reactive Barrier with Compost and Brown Coal to Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Trichloroethylene S. Johana Grajales-Mesa and Grzegorz Malina Water 2019, 11(9), 1922; doi:10.3390/w11091922 Article: The Effect of Hydrological Connectivity on the Zooplankton Structure in Floodplain Lakes of a Regulated Large River (the Lower Vistula, Poland) Paweł Napiórkowski, Martyna Bąkowska, Natalia Mrozińska, Monika Szymańska, Nikola Kolarova and Krystian Obolewski Water 2019, 11(9), 1924; doi:10.3390/w11091924 Article: Investigation of Karst Spring Flow Cessation Using Grey System Models Yaru Guo, Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh and Yonghong Hao Water 2019, 11(9), 1927; doi:10.3390/w11091927 Article: Support Vector Regression Integrated with Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm for River Flow Forecasting in Lake Urmia Basin Saeed Samadianfard, Salar Jarhan, Ely Salwana, Amir Mosavi, Shahaboddin Shamshirband and Shatirah Akib Water 2019, 11(9), 1934; doi:10.3390/w11091934 Article: Flood Monitoring in Vegetated Areas Using Multitemporal Sentinel-1 Data: Impact of Time Series Features Viktoriya Tsyganskaya, Sandro Martinis and Philip Marzahn Water 2019, 11(9), 1938; doi:10.3390/w11091938 Article: Assessing the Fresh–Saline Groundwater Distribution in the Nile Delta Aquifer Using a 3D Variable-Density Groundwater Flow Model Marmar Mabrouk, Andreja Jonoski, Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink and Stefan Uhlenbrook Water 2019, 11(9), 1946; doi:10.3390/w11091946 Article: Reconstruction of Thermal Conditions in the Subboreal Inferred from Isotopic Studies of Groundwater and Calcareous Tufa from the Spring Mire Cupola in Wardzyń (Central Poland) Tomasz Gruszczyński, Jerzy J. Małecki, Anastasiia Romanova and Maciej Ziułkiewicz Water 2019, 11(9), 1945; doi:10.3390/w11091945 Article: Glacier Surface Mass Balance in the Suntar-Khayata Mountains, Northeastern Siberia Yong Zhang, Xin Wang, Zongli Jiang, Junfeng Wei, Hiroyuki Enomoto and Tetsuo Ohata Water 2019, 11(9), 1949; doi:10.3390/w11091949 Article: Hydro-Meteorological Trends in the Upper Omo-Ghibe River Basin, Ethiopia Dessalegn Jaweso, Brook Abate, Andreas Bauwe and Bernd Lennartz Water 2019, 11(9), 1951; doi:10.3390/w11091951 Article: Spatio-Temporal Groundwater Drought Monitoring Using Multi-Satellite Data Based on an Artificial Neural Network Jae Young Seo and Sang-Il Lee Water 2019, 11(9), 1953; doi:10.3390/w11091953 Editorial: Statistical Analysis and Stochastic Modelling of Hydrological Extremes Hossein Tabari Water 2019, 11(9), 1861; doi:10.3390/w11091861 Editorial: Soil and Water Conservation in Agricultural and Forestry Systems Manuel López-Vicente and Gao-Lin Wu Water 2019, 11(9), 1937; doi:10.3390/w11091937 Correction: Correction: Hu, Q., et al. Rainfall Spatial Estimations: A Review from Spatial Interpolation to Multi-Source Data Merging. Water 2019, 11, 579 Qingfang Hu, Zhe Li, Leizhi Wang, Yong Huang, Yintang Wang and Lingjie Li Water 2019, 11(9), 1936; doi:10.3390/w11091936 Water Use and Scarcity Review: Sustainable Irrigation in Agriculture: An Analysis of Global Research Juan F. Velasco-Muñoz, José A. Aznar-Sánchez, Ana Batlles-delaFuente and Maria Dolores Fidelibus Water 2019, 11(9), 1758; doi:10.3390/w11091758 Article: A Modified Surface Energy Balance to Estimate Crop Transpiration and Soil Evaporation in Micro-Irrigated Orchards Camilo Souto, Octavio Lagos, Eduardo Holzapfel, Mahesh Lal Maskey, Lynn Wunderlich, Kristen Shapiro, Giulia Marino, Richard Snyder and Daniele Zaccaria Water 2019, 11(9), 1747; doi:10.3390/w11091747 Article: Farmers’ Attitudes to the Pricing of Natural Resources for Sustainability: GAP-Şanlıurfa Sampling of Turkey Mustafa Hakki Aydogdu Water 2019, 11(9), 1772; doi:10.3390/w11091772 Article: Crop Performance and Water Productivity of Transplanted Rice as Affected by Seedling Age and Seedling Density under Alternate Wetting and Drying Conditions in Lao PDR Rubenito Lampayan, Phetmanyseng Xangsayasane and Crisanta Bueno Water 2019, 11(9), 1816; doi:10.3390/w11091816 Article: A Comprehensive Modelling Approach to Assess Water Use Efficiencies of Different Irrigation Management Options in Rice Irrigation Districts of Northern Italy Alice Mayer, Michele Rienzner, Sandra Cesari de Maria, Marco Romani, Alberto Lasagna and Arianna Facchi Water 2019, 11(9), 1833; doi:10.3390/w11091833 Article: Reverse QMRA as a Decision Support Tool: Setting Acceptable Concentration Limits forPseudomonas aeruginosa and Naegleria fowleri Md Rasheduzzaman, Rajveer Singh, Charles N. Haas, Dienye Tolofari, Hamed Yassaghi, Kerry A. Hamilton, Zhao Yang and Patrick L. Gurian Water 2019, 11(9), 1850; doi:10.3390/w11091850 Article: Estimating Peak Daily Water Demand under Different Climate Change and Vacation Scenarios Erwin Vonk, Dirk Gijsbert Cirkel and Mirjam Blokker Water 2019, 11(9), 1874; doi:10.3390/w11091874 Article: Evaluating Evaporation Methods for Estimating Small Reservoir Water Surface Evaporation in the Brazilian Savannah Daniel Althoff, Lineu Neiva Rodrigues and Demetrius David da Silva Water 2019, 11(9), 1942; doi:10.3390/w11091942 Article: Runoff Harvesting Site Suitability Analysis for Wildlife in Sub-Desert Regions Masoud Jafari Shalamzari, Wanchang Zhang, Atefeh Gholami and Zhijie Zhang Water 2019, 11(9), 1944; doi:10.3390/w11091944 Article: Climate Change Made Major Contributions to Soil Water Storage Decline in the Southwestern US during 2003–2014 Jianzhao Liu, Liping Gao, Fenghui Yuan, Yuedong Guo and Xiaofeng Xu Water 2019, 11(9), 1947; doi:10.3390/w11091947 Article: Sustainable Irrigation Using Non-Conventional Resources: What has Happened after 30 Years Regarding Boron Phytotoxicity? Vanessa Mendoza-Grimón, Juan Ramón Fernández-Vera, Jose Manuel Hernández-Moreno and María del Pino Palacios-Díaz Water 2019, 11(9), 1952; doi:10.3390/w11091952 Water and Wastewater Treatment Article: Application of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Flocculant to Flocculation–Sedimentation Treatment of Ultrafine Cement Suspension Tomokazu Yanagibashi, Motoyoshi Kobayashi and Keisuke Omori Water 2019, 11(9), 1748; doi:10.3390/w11091748 Article: Application of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis against Chemical Pollution of Water Inga Tabagari, Maritsa Kurashvili, Tamar Varazi, George Adamia, George Gigolashvili, Marina Pruidze, Liana Chokheli, Gia Khatisashvili and Peter von Fragstein und Niemsdorff Water 2019, 11(9), 1759; doi:10.3390/w11091759 Article: Elementary Iodine-Doped Activated Carbon as an Oxidizing Agent for the Treatment of Arsenic-Enriched Drinking Water Fabio Spaziani, Yuli Natori, Yoshiaki Kinase, Tomohiko Kawakami and Katsuyoshi Tatenuma Water 2019, 11(9), 1778; doi:10.3390/w11091778 Article: Heterotrophic Kinetic Study and Nitrogen Removal of a Membrane Bioreactor System Treating Real Urban Wastewater under a Pharmaceutical Compounds Shock: Effect of the Operative Variables Antonio Monteoliva-García, Juan Carlos Leyva-Díaz, Cristina López-López, José Manuel Poyatos, María del Mar Muñío and Jaime Martín-Pascual Water 2019, 11(9), 1785; doi:10.3390/w11091785 Article: Au/ZnO Hybrid Nanostructures on Electrospun Polymeric Mats for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants Laura Campagnolo, Simone Lauciello, Athanassia Athanassiou and Despina Fragouli Water 2019, 11(9), 1787; doi:10.3390/w11091787 Article: The Influence of Bottom Sediments and Inoculation with Rhizobacterial Inoculants on the Physiological State of Plants Used in Urban Plantings Anna Wyrwicka, Magdalena Urbaniak, Grzegorz Siebielec, Sylwia Siebielec, Joanna Chojak-Koźniewska, Mirosław Przybylski, Aleksandra Witusińska and Petra Susan Kidd Water 2019, 11(9), 1792; doi:10.3390/w11091792 Article: Enhanced Photo-Catalytic Performance of Activated Carbon Fibers for Water Treatment Konstantinos V. Plakas, Athina Taxintari and Anastasios J. Karabelas Water 2019, 11(9), 1794; doi:10.3390/w11091794 Article: The-Proof-of-Concept of Biochar Floating Cover Influence on Water pH Zhanibek Meiirkhanuly, Jacek A. Koziel, Andrzej Białowiec, Chumki Banik and Robert C. Brown Water 2019, 11(9), 1802; doi:10.3390/w11091802 Article: Scaling up Microbial Fuel Cells for Treating Swine Wastewater Yuko Goto and Naoko Yoshida Water 2019, 11(9), 1803; doi:10.3390/w11091803 Article: Activated Carbon Mixed with Marine Sediment is Suitable as Bioanode Material for Spartina anglica Sediment/Plant Microbial Fuel Cell: Plant Growth, Electricity Generation, and Spatial Microbial Community Diversity Emilius Sudirjo, Cees J.N. Buisman and David P.B.T.B. Strik Water 2019, 11(9), 1810; doi:10.3390/w11091810 Article: Application of Cold Region Regenerable Biomass in Phosphorus Adsorption in Reclaimed Water Jinghui Wu, Xiangyu Li, Zhian Ying, Chi Wang, Wu Yang, Mingxin Huo, Chyi-How Lay and Xianze Wang Water 2019, 11(9), 1815; doi:10.3390/w11091815 Article: Degradation of Methylene Blue via Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment Lihang Wu, Qinglong Xie, Yongbo Lv, Zhenyu Wu, Xiaojiang Liang, Meizhen Lu and Yong Nie Water 2019, 11(9), 1818; doi:10.3390/w11091818 Article: Enhanced Flocculation Using Drinking Water Treatment Plant Sedimentation Residual Solids Sandhya Rao Poleneni, Enos Inniss, Honglan Shi, John Yang, Bin Hua and Joseph Clamp Water 2019, 11(9), 1821; doi:10.3390/w11091821 Article: Reusing Treated Waste-Water from a Circular Economy Perspective—The Case of the Real Acequia de Moncada in Valencia (Spain) Joep Hagenvoort, Mar Ortega-Reig, Salut Botella, Carla García, Ana de Luis and Guillermo Palau-Salvador Water 2019, 11(9), 1830; doi:10.3390/w11091830 Article: Effect of Different Copper Levels on Growth and Morpho-Physiological Parameters in Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.) in Semi-Hydroponic Mesocosm Experiment Fabrizio Pietrini, Monica Carnevale, Claudio Beni, Massimo Zacchini, Francesco Gallucci and Enrico Santangelo Water 2019, 11(9), 1837; doi:10.3390/w11091837 Article: Treatment of a Mature Landfill Leachate: Comparison between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton with Different Pretreatments Javier Tejera, Ruben Miranda, Daphne Hermosilla, Iñigo Urra, Carlos Negro and Ángeles Blanco Water 2019, 11(9), 1849; doi:10.3390/w11091849 Article: Household Willingness to Pay for Wastewater Treatment and Water Supply System Improvement in a Ger Area in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia Ariuntuya Byambadorj and Han Soo Lee Water 2019, 11(9), 1856; doi:10.3390/w11091856 Article: A Thermal Model for Predicting the Performance of a Solar Still with Fresnel Lens Ana Johnson, Lei Mu, Young Ho Park, Delia J. Valles, Huiyao Wang, Pei Xu, Krishna Kota and Sarada Kuravi Water 2019, 11(9), 1860; doi:10.3390/w11091860 Article: Application of Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes (UV-LED) to Full-Scale Drinking-Water Disinfection Peter Jarvis, Olivier Autin, Emma H. Goslan and Francis Hassard Water 2019, 11(9), 1894; doi:10.3390/w11091894 Article: Mining Rock Wastes for Water Treatment: Potential Reuse of Fe- and Mn-Rich Materials for Arsenic Removal Barbara Casentini, Marco Lazzazzara, Stefano Amalfitano, Rosamaria Salvatori, Daniela Guglietta, Daniele Passeri, Girolamo Belardi and Francesca Trapasso Water 2019, 11(9), 1897; doi:10.3390/w11091897 Article: Preparation of Activated Biochar-Supported Magnetite Composite for Adsorption of Polychlorinated Phenols from Aqueous Solutions Byung-Moon Jun, Yejin Kim, Jonghun Han, Yeomin Yoon, Jeonggwan Kim and Chang Min Park Water 2019, 11(9), 1899; doi:10.3390/w11091899 Article: Functionalized Leather: A Novel and Effective Hazardous Solid Waste Adsorbent for the Removal of the Diazo Dye Congo Red from Aqueous Solution Camila Clavijo and Johann F. Osma Water 2019, 11(9), 1906; doi:10.3390/w11091906 Article: Adsorptive Removal of Iron and Manganese from Groundwater Samples in Ghana by Zeolite Y Synthesized from Bauxite and Kaolin Bright Kwakye-Awuah, Baah Sefa-Ntiri, Elizabeth Von-Kiti, Isaac Nkrumah and Craig Williams Water 2019, 11(9), 1912; doi:10.3390/w11091912 Article: Acetaminophen Removal from Water by Microalgae and Effluent Toxicity Assessment by the Zebrafish Embryo Bioassay Carla Escapa, Ricardo N. Coimbra, Teresa Neuparth, Tiago Torres, Miguel M. Santos and Marta Otero Water 2019, 11(9), 1929; doi:10.3390/w11091929 Article: Groundwater Autochthonous Microbial Communities as Tracers of Anthropogenic Pressure Impacts: Example from a Municipal Waste Treatment Plant (Latium, Italy) David Rossi, Anna Barra Caracciolo, Paola Grenni, Flavia Cattena, Martina Di Lenola, Luisa Patrolecco, Nicoletta Ademollo, Ruggiero Ciannarella, Giuseppe Mascolo and Stefano Ghergo Water 2019, 11(9), 1933; doi:10.3390/w11091933 Article: Removal of >10 µm Microplastic Particles from Treated Wastewater by a Disc Filter Márta Simon, Alvise Vianello and Jes Vollertsen Water 2019, 11(9), 1935; doi:10.3390/w11091935 Urban Water Management Review: Wetland Roofs as an Attractive Option for Decentralized Water Management and Air Conditioning Enhancement in Growing Cities—A Review Andreas Zehnsdorf, Keani C. U. Willebrand, Ralf Trabitzsch, Sarah Knechtel, Michael Blumberg and Roland A. Müller Water 2019, 11(9), 1845; doi:10.3390/w11091845 Article: Optimize Short-Term Rainfall Forecast with Combination of Ensemble Precipitation Nowcasts by Lagrangian Extrapolation Wooyoung Na and Chulsang Yoo Water 2019, 11(9), 1752; doi:10.3390/w11091752 Article: Using Remote Sensing Based Metrics to Quantify the Hydrological Response in a City Charlotte Wirion, Willy Bauwens and Boud Verbeiren Water 2019, 11(9), 1763; doi:10.3390/w11091763 Article: Evaluating the Risk-Based Performance of Bioinfiltration Facilities under Climate Change Scenarios Conor Lewellyn and Bridget Wadzuk Water 2019, 11(9), 1765; doi:10.3390/w11091765 Article: Assessing Risks from Groundwater Exploitation and Utilization: Case Study of the Shanghai Megacity, China Hui Zhang, Jingjie Yu, Chaoyang Du, Jun Xia and Xiaojun Wang Water 2019, 11(9), 1775; doi:10.3390/w11091775 Article: Influence of Intermittence and Pressure Differentials in Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration in a Gravity Sewer Rita Ventura Matos, Filipa Ferreira and José Saldanha Matos Water 2019, 11(9), 1780; doi:10.3390/w11091780 Article: Assessing the Freshwater Quality of a Large-Scale Mining Watershed: The Need for Integrated Approaches Daniel Mercado-Garcia, Eveline Beeckman, Jana Van Butsel, Nilton Deza Arroyo, Marco Sanchez Peña, Cécile Van Buggendhoudt, Nancy De Saeyer, Marie Anne Eurie Forio, Karel A. C. De Schamphelaere, Guido Wyseure and Peter Goethals Water 2019, 11(9), 1797; doi:10.3390/w11091797 Article: The Influence of Urban Flooding on Residents’ Daily Travel: A Case Study of Macau with Proposed Ameliorative Strategies Kehong Li and Long Zhou Water 2019, 11(9), 1825; doi:10.3390/w11091825 Article: Using High-Density LiDAR Data and 2D Streamflow Hydraulic Modeling to Improve Urban Flood Hazard Maps: A HEC-RAS Multi-Scenario Approach Alin Mihu-Pintilie, Cătălin Ioan Cîmpianu, Cristian Constantin Stoleriu, Martín Núñez Pérez and Larisa Elena Paveluc Water 2019, 11(9), 1832; doi:10.3390/w11091832 Article: Estimating Errors in Sizing LID Device and Overflow Prediction Using the Intensity-Duration-Frequency Method Shuangcheng Tang, Qing Xu, Zhonghua Jia, Wan Luo and Zhengxiao Shao Water 2019, 11(9), 1853; doi:10.3390/w11091853 Article: Spatiotemporal Water Quality Variations in Smaller Water Supply Systems: Using Modified CCME WQI from Groundwater Source to Distribution Networks Husnain Haider, Mohammed Hammed Alkhowaiter, Md. Shafiquzzaman, Saleem S. AlSaleem, Meshal Almoshaogeh and Fawaz Alharbi Water 2019, 11(9), 1884; doi:10.3390/w11091884 Article: Physical Experiment and Modeling of the Transport and Deposition of Polydisperse Particles in Stormwater: Effects of a Depth-Dependent Initial Filter Coefficient Zhike Zou, Longcang Shu, Xing Min and Esther Chifuniro Mabedi Water 2019, 11(9), 1885; doi:10.3390/w11091885 Article: Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Mokopane Area, Limpopo, South Africa Using Statistical Approach Mmasabata Dolly Molekoa, Ram Avtar, Pankaj Kumar, Huynh Vuong Thu Minh and Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan Water 2019, 11(9), 1891; doi:10.3390/w11091891 Technical Note: Physical Parameterization of IDF Curves Based on Short-Duration Storms Alfonso Gutierrez-Lopez, Sergio Bernardo Jimenez Hernandez and Carlos Escalante Sandoval Water 2019, 11(9), 1813; doi:10.3390/w11091813

Special Issues Open for Submissions Multiplicity, Characteristics, Main Impacts, and Stewardship of Natural and Artificial Freshwater Environments: Consequences for Biodiversity Conservation (Deadline: 9 October 2019) Resilient and Robust Water Distribution Systems: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges (Deadline: 10 October 2019) Managing Water Resources in Large River Basins (Deadline: 14 October 2019) Flood Risk Analysis and Management from a Systems Approach (Deadline: 15 October 2019) Damaging Hydrogeological Events (Deadline: 16 October 2019) To access the full list of Special Issues, please click here

Topical Collection (without Deadline) Water Policy Collection To access the full list of Topical Collections, please click here

Recent Special Issue Reprints Climate Variability and Climate Change Impacts on Land Surface, Hydrological Processes and Water Management Yongqiang Zhang, Hongxia Li and Paolo Reggiani (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-507-2 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-508-9 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-508-9 Modeling and Practice of Erosion and Sediment Transport under Change Gil Mahé, Hafzullah Aksoy and Mohamed Meddi (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-431-0 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-432-7 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-432-7 Water-Worked Bedload: Hydrodynamic and Mass Transport Paweł M. Rowiński and Subhasish Dey (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-301-6 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-302-3 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-302-3 Efficiency of Bank Filtration and Post-Treatment Thomas Grischek and Chittaranjan Ray (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-305-4 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-306-1 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-306-1 The Challenges of Water Management and Governance in Cities Cornelis Johannes (Kees) van Leeuwen, Jan Hofman, Peter Driessen and Jos Frijns (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-150-0 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-151-7 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-151-7 To access the full list of books, please click here

Upcoming Conference 8th International Conference on Flood Management (ICFM8) (The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA, 17–19 August 2020)

"Thanks to your efforts to bring in two women for campus interviews, you now have approval to hire the old white guy." - @ass_deans

My China Conference Managed Aquifer Recharge Presentation - 17 September 2019

I presented this, authored by Maria Gibson and me.

1) Abstract:

PDF: Download Campana_Session10_Abstract_AWRA_China

Word: Download Campana_Session10_Abstract_AWRA_China

2) Presentation - Short version (presented at conference):

PDF: Download Campana_Session10_ChinaMAR_SHORT_17Sept2019

PPT: Download Campana_Session10_ChinaMAR_SHORT_17Sept2019

3) Presentations - Long version:

PDF: Download Campana_Session10_ChinaMAR_LONG_17Sept2019

PPT: Download Campana_Session10_ChinaMAR_LONG_17Sept2019

Seeking Water Security: Harvesting Glacial Meltwater and Early Snowmelt with Managed Aquifer Recharge

Michael E. Campana and Maria T. Gibson
Oregon State University

Abstract

In response to global warming some mountain glaciers are melting at accelerated rates. In addition certain mountain snowpacks are melting earlier than normal, often disrupting local and regional water storage and distribution systems. These two processes are not unique to any one locale but are occurring around the globe: the Andes, Himalayas, Rocky Mountains and Alps. Some permanent glaciers are shrinking en route to extinction. In the USA the best example of this is Glacier National Park in Montana, which could be glacier-free by the mid-21st century. In western Oregon and Washington some of the highest elevations in the Cascade Range are losing permanent glaciers. Early snowmelt in the Cascades and elsewhere has the potential for harvesting via underground storage.

          In temperate regions glaciers and snowpack provide humanity and natural ecosystems with 'free storage' of freshwater and parcel out water to maintain and replenish freshwater supplies. In the warm season, glacial meltwater nourishes lower elevation ecosystems and human settlements and recharges aquifers. Replenishment of the glacier normally occurs during the cooler seasons; the cycle then repeats itself. Ideally, one would like a balance: the glacial ice melting in the summer would be replaced by cold weather precipitation. When the melting exceeds the replenishment, the equilibrium is destroyed. The volume of the glacier shrinks, and if the disequilibrium continues, the glacier will disappear entirely.

         Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) could capture 'excess' meltwater – the amount coming out of storage that is available – before the glacier disappears altogether. Early snowmelt could also be captured. Such groundwater storage would not be a permanent, sustainable solution to freshwater shortages, but would provide time to permit the development of alternatives to ensure survival of ecosystems and humans alike.

         Our presentation will: 1) explore some of the advantages and disadvantages of subsurface storage to salvage glacial meltwater and early snowmelt; 2) speculate where such schemes might work and would be needed; and 3) discuss a recent MAR project in the Yakima River basin in Washington, USA.

Enjoy!

"If climate change is a shark, water is its teeth." - Gemma Poag

Paper: Recharging Aquifers by Capturing Flood Flows - Texas Case Study

Good stuff from Qian Yang and Bridget R. Scanlon in this informative paper, How much Water can be Captured from Flood Flows to Store in Depleted Aquifers for Mitigating Floods and Droughts? A case Study from Texas, US, Environmental Research Letters, Volume 14, No. 5.

Click on the article title to access the online version with its links and supplemental information.

Here is a popular description of the project.

Abstract
Extreme flooding from Hurricane Harvey (~100 km³, ~80 million acre feet, maf of rainfall) in Houston, Texas, US co-located with depleted aquifers raises the question of whether we can capture floodwater to reduce flooding impacts and replenish aquifers for droughts. Here we quantified how much water could be captured from high magnitude flows (HMFs) in 10 major rivers discharging to the Gulf of Mexico for potential storage in depleted aquifers along the Texas Gulf Coast. Results show that HMFs (≥95th percentile) from rivers discharging to the Gulf of Mexico total 37 km³ (30 maf) in 2015–2017, similar in capacity to US Lake Mead (32 km³, 26 maf). These flows are less than modeled unappropriated flows that consider appropriated water rights and limited analysis suggests moderate reduction from environmental flows. Similarity in high flow volumes and modeled groundwater depletion in the Gulf Coast Aquifer system (~25 km³, 20 maf) underscores the potential to partially mitigate flooding using aquifer storage. Interim storage would be required to resolve disconnects between high flood intensities and low aquifer injection rates. Engineering approaches will become increasingly important to manage climate extremes.

Conclusions
The challenges of floods and droughts to water resource managers can be partially mitigated by storing HMFs in surface and subsurface reservoirs, as evaluated for the Texas Gulf Coast region. Estimated HMF volumes exceed modeled unappropriated water rights. Capturing an estimated 65% of HMF flows should not impact modeled environmental flow requirements, using the San Antonio and Brazos basins as case studies. The total HMF volume during the last three wet years (37 km³; 30 maf, ~2 times state water use, 2015–2017) is sufficient to replenish the depleted Texas Gulf Coast Aquifer system (~25 km³, ~20 maf). The inverse exponential relationship between number of HMF events and HMF duration and volume is favorable for aquifer storage as low numbers of long duration events (e.g. ≥1 week) contribute most (80%) to HMF volumes based on the past 50 years record. Capturing HMFs and storing them in these depleted aquifers will require additional wells for storm water management and aquifer storage and recovery in the Texas Gulf Coast region. In addition to quantifying the potential water volumes that can be captured from HMFs, this study highlights many of the additional factors that need to be considered, such as water rights and environmental flows, to assess the feasibility of subsurface storage of flood waters.

We're thinking along the same lines based upon our MAR work in the Yakima Valley, WA.

Enjoy!

"We need to talk. Your students are complaining you are being adultist in the classroom. I don't know what that is but I know we need to keep the kids happy." - @ass_deans

CRS InFocus Report: 'The International Joint Commission (IJC)' Updated: 30 August 2019 How About the IJC and Groundwater?

Eva Lipiec and Pervaze A. Sheikh authored this nice 2-page CRS InFocus report (30 August 2019) on the IJC: The International Joint Commission (IJC).

Download CRS_InFocus_IJC_30Augst2019

What follows is the text of the first page of the document.

Introduction
The International Joint Commission (IJC) was established under the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty between the United States and Canada. The treaty directs the IJC to aid in the resolution and prevention of disputes concerning the waters that cross (transboundary) or form (boundary) the international border between the two countries, known collectively as boundary waters. The watersheds of these boundary waters are illustrated in Figure 1. The IJC may be asked to consider issues related to drinking water, commercial shipping, hydroelectric power generation, agriculture, industry, recreational boating, and shoreline property, among others. Congressional interest in the IJC often has focused on the IJC’s scope of authority, its role inspecific disputes, and funding for the U.S. portion of IJC activities.

IJC Functions
The IJC functions as a nonpolitical research, advisory, and mediation body for the two national governments. The IJC has six commissioners: three appointed by the President of the United States with the approval of the Senate (these positions are reappointed by each incoming Administration) and three appointed by the Governor in Council of Canada with the advice of the Prime Minister. The commissioners of each country select a chair apiece. The two chosen chairs serve concurrently. Canadian commissioners have fixed terms that vary from two years to five years. The IJC needs a quorum of four commissioners to make decisions and generally reaches decisions through consensus. Commissioners do not formally represent their countries and must declare in writing that they will be impartial when carrying out the duties of the treaty. The IJC’s decisions and recommendations are the result of objective analysis and are not necessarily a reflection of U.S. or Canadian national policies.

The IJC has two primary duties under the treaty: 1) examine and report on questions or matters of difference between the U.S. and Canadian governments, known as a reference, and 2) approve any work in boundary waters affecting water levels on either side of the boundary, known as an Order of Approval (Order). The IJC currently supervises more than 20 expert boards and task forces that respond to references and monitor the implementation of Orders; these groups draw upon the expertise of around 300 representatives from various organizations.

What about groundwater? There is no mention of it anywhere in the CRS report.

According to Everts (Everts, T.M., 1991, Canadian/American Transboundary Groundwater Issues: The Forgotten Resource. Thesis/Dissertation, University of Oregon):

...the IJC has no legal mandate to investigate and make recommendations on groundwater issues which are isolated from possible impacts on surface waters, unless both countries stipulate that the IJC may do so. However, the legal loophole utilized by the IJC to bypass the legal mandate issue in conducting groundwater impact studies in the Flathead River Basin could be the possible adverse effects that polluted groundwater might have on surface waters. By linking polluted groundwater as a possible cause to surface water degradation across the border, the IJC would not overstep its legal mandate under the BWT [Boundary Waters Treaty], but would be legally pressed to investigate the source of the degradation [Emphasis in Original] (p. 73-74)].

The CRS report does not mention groundwater, primarily because the BWT does not mention it. Aquifers are not shown on the above figure from the report, but here is one from my Canadian colleague Alfonso Rivera:

Here is a 4-pager from Alfonso that appeared in Water Resources IMPACT in May 2018:

Download Rivera_us_canada_gw_impact

The IMPACT paper is a very short paper that contains elements of the journal article alluded to in the graphic: Transboundary Aquifers along the Canada–USA Border: Science, Policy and Social Issues.

In the IMPACT paper Alfonso does not mention the IJC but talks about cooperation that has occurred between the two countries, such as the Milk River aquifer (Alberta and Montana). There is also the case of the Abbotsford-Sumas aquifer that underlies Washington State and British Columbia. This issue was resolved because of the stakeholders, the state and the province with the blessing of the two national governments.   There is also this paper that appeared in a special issue of groundwater that I edited:
Galloway G, Pentland R. (2005) Securing the Future of Ground Water Resources in the Great Lakes Basin. Ground Water 43(5):737-743.   

Download Galloway_et_al-2005-Groundwater

Galloway and Pentland discuss the IJC and groundwater, Here is what they say (p. 741):

The Boundary Waters Treaty is silent on the subject of ground water. Asa matter of practice, the two governments have given the IJC a mandate to examine ground water issues in specificreferences (studies) and the 2000 IJC report contains anentire section on ground water issues in the Great Lakesbasin. Nevertheless, it remains unclear what internationallaw, if any, would be invoked if a very legalistic disputewere to ever occur. The two countries have tended to bevery pragmatic in their few dealings on cross-boundaryground water issues, and this will likely continue.

Here is a paper and the resulting PPT (as a PDF) that Alyssa Neir, Geoff Klise and I wrote in 2006. It contains 
some material on the IJC and USA-Canada groundwater: Dynamics of Transboundary Ground Water Management: Lessons from North America:

Paper: Download Dyn_of_tb_gw_mgmt_2october2006

PPT: Download Campana_tngw_31may2018

Suffice it to say that the USA and Canada have cooperated on groundwater issues on an ad hoc basis. So far so good. As some have said, "If ain't broke, don't fix it." I sense that this will be tested in the future,.

Enjoy!

"If you don't know where you are going, you'll end up someplace else." - Yogi Berra (quoted in @MyPlainview via @TheWeek)