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GAO Report: 'Irrigated Agriculture - Technologies, Practices, and Implications for Water Scarcity'

It's been a while since I posted a GAO report. This one makes the grade: Irrigated Agriculture: Technologies, Practices, and Implications for Water Scarcity.

Download USGAO_Irrigated_Agriculture_12Nov2019

Fast Facts

Nationwide, irrigation consumed 20-30 trillion gallons of water in 2015. Most irrigation is in the West, where water is relatively scarce and precipitation low.

The 3 main irrigation technologies—gravity, sprinkler, and micro—can all be modified to be more efficient and save water. But in practice, farms may use such water savings to increase yield, switch to thirstier crops, or irrigate more land.

To address water scarcity, federal policymakers could offer incentives to use more efficient technology or practices, in return for farmers’ agreeing to reduce water consumption.

Irrigation and water scarcity across the contiguous United States.

What GAO Found

In the United States, irrigation accounts for more than 40 percent of freshwater use. Several areas in the nation are both heavily irrigated and considered water stressed. Farmers can select irrigation technologies and water conservation practices to better manage freshwater, an increasingly limited natural resource. Farmers have access to multiple irrigation technologies that could increase efficient use of water. Irrigation technologies include micro irrigation, which applies small amounts of water close to the plants; sprinkler systems, which spray water through nozzles; and gravity systems, where water floods the field or runs down furrows. In addition, practices such as irrigation scheduling may help farmers avoid over-irrigation. Farmers can also use precision agriculture technologies, such as soil moisture sensors, computer or smartphone decision support tools, and remote control of irrigation equipment to help optimize irrigation scheduling.

Farmers adopt and use efficient irrigation systems to maximize farm-level profitability, through improved crop yields and decreased costs and other inputs. Drivers of farmer adoption of irrigation technology include increasing profits and reducing risks, but we did not find much evidence that conserving water was a factor in adoption of technology. Barriers limiting adoption of more efficient technology include small farm size, large capital investments, and lack of available information on the technologies. For precision agriculture technologies, lack of connectivity, such as access to broadband, can be a barrier, particularly in rural areas.

Farmers’ use of efficient irrigation technologies alone may not conserve water. GAO’s modeling of an illustrative irrigated watershed shows farmers’ use of efficient irrigation scheduling—such as using data from soil moisture sensors to schedule irrigation—can reduce the amount of water applied to the field, resulting in less water withdrawn from a source, which in this model was groundwater. At the same time though, GAO’s modeling shows water that is consumed through evapotranspiration does not change with efficient irrigation scheduling, while return flows to the source bodies of water may be reduced. While, in some instances, reduced return flows may be beneficial, as such flows can convey pollutants downstream, reduced return flows may also result in less water available to downstream users.

Simulated impact of switching to efficient irrigation scheduling

GAO’s analysis of survey data on farms that converted to more efficient irrigation systems shows there is no change in the amount of water farmers apply to a field with more efficient technology, except for a few technologies and crop types. One such exception is in orchards and vineyards, where switching to micro irrigation was associated with less water applied per acre. Efficient technology may actually increase water use, as it provides farmers with additional flexibility to expand irrigated land or to switch to more water-intensive crops.

Policy Options

The request for GAO to conduct this study specified a policy goal of reducing the impact of irrigated agriculture in locations facing water scarcity in the United States. With that goal in mind, GAO identified the following options federal policymakers could consider:

(1) Promote the use of more efficient irrigation technology and practices, such as irrigation scheduling.

(2) Promote the use of precision agriculture technologies, such as soil moisture sensors and weather stations.

However, in light of GAO’s findings, these options may need to be combined with appropriate agreements in order to enable and encourage water savings. Such agreements could include incentives to farmers for conserving water. Both policy options have the potential benefit of reducing the amount of water applied during irrigation. However, challenges include ensuring that water savings on the farm translates to water conservation on the larger watershed level.

Why GAO Did This Study

Demand for freshwater surpasses the amount naturally available in some areas of the United States. The agriculture sector competes for this limited resource, and withdraws and consumes the most freshwater of any user in the nation. GAO was asked to conduct a technology assessment around agricultural water use.

This report provides an overview of irrigation technologies and on-farm water conservation practices, factors influencing the adoption of these technologies, and implications of their use for water scarcity.In conducting this assessment, GAO reviewed scientific literature; convened an expert meeting with the assistance of the National Academies; visited farmers, academics, and industry representatives; interviewed officials from federal agencies; modeled water use in an illustrative watershed; and performed a regression analysis on U.S. Department of Agriculture irrigation, crop, and technology data.

GAO describes two policy options that federal policymakers could consider relating to irrigation technology and discusses their benefits and challenges.

For more information, contact Timothy M. Persons at (202) 512-6412 or personst@gao.gov or Steve D. Morris at (202) 512-3841 or morriss@gao.gov.

Enjoy!

"Nothing is impossible for the man who doesn't have to do it himself." - Weiler's Law

M. Gibson and M. Campana AWRA MAR Presentations: 1) 'Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and System Dynamics Model...Yakima Basin' 2) Harvesting Glacial Meltwater...with MAR'

1) M. Gibson and M. Campana. Abstract: page 11

Download 2019 AC Abstracts_FINAL

PDF (36 MB) of PPT: Download AWRA_SLC_GIBSON

2) M. Campana and M. Gibson  Abstract: page 14

Download 2019 AC Abstracts_FINAL

PDF of PPT: (14 MB) Download AWRA_SLC_CAMPANA

Download AWRA_SLC_CAMPANA

Enjoy! We did!

"The science of hydrology would be relatively simple if water were unable to penetrate below the earth's surface." - Harold E. Thomas (via groundwater geek)

CRS Report: 'Agriculture and Related Agencies - FY2020 Appropriations' 18 October 2019

This USDA CRS report from Jim Monke: 'Agriculture and Related Agencies - FY2020 Appropriations'.

The USDA gets an entire report, not an InFocus two-pager like Reclamation!

Click on the graphics to expand them.

Download CRS_Report_USDA_FY2020_Appropriations_18October2019

Introduction

The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the U.S. Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and—in even-numbered fiscal years—the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).

Agriculture appropriations include both mandatory and discretionary spending. Discretionary amounts, though, are the primary focus during the bill’s development. The largest discretionary spending items are the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); agricultural research; rural development; FDA; foreign food assistance and trade; farm assistance loans and salaries; food safety inspection; animal and plant health programs; and technical assistance for conservation programs.

In the absence of an enacted full-year appropriation, FY2020 began on October 1, 2019, under a continuing resolution (P.L. 116-59, Division A).

For the regular annual appropriation, the Trump Administration requested in March 2019 $19.2 billion for discretionary-funded accounts within the jurisdiction of Agriculture appropriations subcommittees. The request would be a reduction of $4.1 billion from FY2019 (-18%).

On June 4, 2019, the House Appropriations Committee reported a stand-alone Agriculture appropriations bill (H.R. 3164, H.Rept. 116-107) by a vote of 29-21. On June 25, 2019, the House passed a five-bill minibus appropriation with Agriculture as Division B (H.R. 3055). The discretionary total of the House-passed Agriculture appropriations bill is $24.3 billion. This is $1 billion more (+4%) than the comparable amount that was enacted for FY2019 and $5.1 more (+27%) than the Administration’s request.

On September 19, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported its Agriculture appropriations bill (S. 2522, S.Rept. 116-110) by a vote of 31-0. The discretionary total of the Senate-reported bill is $23.1 billion. This is $58 million more than the FY2019 appropriation (+0.3%), $4.2 billion more than the Administration’s request, and $893 million less than the House-passed bill on a comparable amount without CFTC (-3.7%).

The primary components of the $1 billion increase in the House-passed bill from FY2019 include increases to rural development accounts by $412 million (+14%, primarily for rural water, broadband, and housing), a rural broadband pilot program by $393 million (+314%), foreign agricultural assistance by $377 million (+19%), departmental administration by $205 million (+53%, primarily for construction to renovate USDA headquarters), agricultural research programming by $197 million (+6%), and FDA appropriations by $185 million (+6%). Reductions in budget authority include decreases to agricultural research buildings and facilities funding by -$331 million, rescinding WIC carryover balances an additional -$300 million, and eliminating temporary funding for international food assistance by -$216 million (with a larger increase to the base appropriation, as noted above in foreign agricultural assistance).

The primary differences that comprise the -$893 million difference in the Senate-reported bill from the House- passed bill include providing agricultural research $193 million more than in the House bill and department administration accounts $123 million more than in the House bill. These greater allowances are more than offset by providing rural development $407 million less than in the House bill (largely from rural water and waste disposal grants), rural broadband in the General Provisions title $518 million less than in the House bill, foreign agricultural assistance $159 million less than in the House bill, and FDA $105 million less than the House bill.

The appropriation also carries mandatory spending that is largely determined in separate authorizing laws. These mandatory spending amounts total nearly $131 billion in the House-passed bill and $129 billion in the Senate- reported bill. Thus, the overall total of the FY2020 Agriculture appropriation would be about $155 billion in the House-passed bill and $152 billion in the Senate-reported bill.

Policy provisions may also be included that affect how the appropriation is delivered. This year, these provisions include issues such as the relocation of USDA agencies, disaster programs, rural definitions, livestock regulations, nutrition programs, and dietary guidelines.

Budget sequestration continues to affect mandatory agricultural spending accounts. Sequestration refers to automatic across-the-board reductions in spending authority. In FY2020, sequestration on mandatory spending accounts is 5.9% and totals about $1.4 billion for agriculture accounts. Recent budget acts have extended sequestration through FY2029.

 Enjoy!

"We've had to schedule classes in the small dining halls next term. Dining says faculty and students will have to 'meal swipe in' to be able to attend." - @ass_deans

Water, Volume 11, Issue 9 (September 2019): Management, Governance, Water Quality, Ecosystems, Hydraulics, Hydrology, Water-Energy-Food Nexus, Groundwater, Wastewater Treatment, More!

If you cannot download the articles click here.

Cover Story

Article: An Integrated Approach for Studying the Hydrology of the Ljubljansko Polje Aquifer in Slovenia and Its Simulation

Janja Vrzel, Ralf Ludwig, Goran Vižintin and Nives Ogrinc

Water 2019, 11(9), 1753; doi:10.3390/w11091753

 

Featured Papers Review: On Some Properties of the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Fingerprints Giorgio Spada and Daniele Melini Water 2019, 11(9), 1844; doi:10.3390/w11091844 Article: Sensitivity of Agricultural Development to Water-Related Drivers: The Case of Andalusia (Spain) Pilar Martinez and Maria Blanco Water 2019, 11(9), 1854; doi:10.3390/w11091854 Article: Implementation of a Full Momentum Conservative Approach in Modelling Flow Through Tidal Structures Nejc Čož, Reza Ahmadian and Roger A. Falconer Water 2019, 11(9), 1917; doi:10.3390/w11091917 Article: Analysis of the Effects of High Precipitation in Texas on Rainfed Sorghum Yields Om Prakash Sharma, Narayanan Kannan, Scott Cook, Bijay Kumar Pokhrel and Cameron McKenzie Water 2019, 11(9), 1920; doi:10.3390/w11091920 Article: A Continuous Drought Probability Monitoring System, CDPMS, Based on Copulas João Dehon Pontes Filho, Maria Manuela Portela, Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho Studart and Francisco de Assis Souza Filho Water 2019, 11(9), 1925; doi:10.3390/w11091925 Water Quality and Ecosystems Review: SPH Modeling of Water-Related Natural Hazards Sauro Manenti, Dong Wang, José M. Domínguez, Shaowu Li, Andrea Amicarelli and Raffaele Albano Water 2019, 11(9), 1875; doi:10.3390/w11091875 Review: Methods for Sample Collection, Storage, and Analysis of Freshwater Phosphorus Yusef Kianpoor Kalkhajeh, Bahman Jabbarian Amiri, Biao Huang, Azad Henareh Khalyani, Wenyou Hu, Hongjian Gao and Michael L. Thompson Water 2019, 11(9), 1889; doi:10.3390/w11091889 Article: Is There a Pattern for Occurrence of Macrophytes in Polish Ponds? Dariusz Świerk and Michał Krzyżaniak Water 2019, 11(9), 1738; doi:10.3390/w11091738 Article: Nutrient Removal from Chinese Coastal Waters by Large-Scale Seaweed Aquaculture Using Artificial Upwelling Wei Fan, Ruolan Zhao, Zhongzhi Yao, Canbo Xiao, Yiwen Pan, Ying Chen, Nianzhi Jiao and Yao Zhang Water 2019, 11(9), 1754; doi:10.3390/w11091754 Article: Predicting Lake Quality for the Next Generation: Impacts of Catchment Management and Climatic Factors in a Probabilistic Model Framework S. Jannicke Moe, Raoul-Marie Couture, Sigrid Haande, Anne Lyche Solheim and Leah Jackson-Blake Water 2019, 11(9), 1767; doi:10.3390/w11091767 Article: Using Bayesian Networks to Assess Effectiveness of Phosphorus Abatement Measures under the Water Framework Directive Jan Brabec, Jan Macháč and Jiřina Jílková Water 2019, 11(9), 1791; doi:10.3390/w11091791 Article: Combining Soil Erosion Modeling with Connectivity Analyses to Assess Lateral Fine Sediment Input into Agricultural Streams Ronald E. Poeppl, Lina A. Dilly, Stefan Haselberger, Chris S. Renschler and Jantiene E.M. Baartman Water 2019, 11(9), 1793; doi:10.3390/w11091793 Article: Factors Controlling the Spatial and Temporal Variability in Groundwater 222Rn and U Levels Soo Young Cho, Min-Ho Koo, Byong Wook Cho, Youn-Young Jung and Yong Hwa Oh Water 2019, 11(9), 1796; doi:10.3390/w11091796 Article: Coupling between Nitrification and Denitrification as well as Its Effect on Phosphorus Release in Sediments of Chinese Shallow Lakes Yao Zhang, Chunlei Song, Zijun Zhou, Xiuyun Cao and Yiyong Zhou Water 2019, 11(9), 1809; doi:10.3390/w11091809 Article: Phosphorus Removal with Coagulation Processes in Five Low Buffered Lakes—A Case Study of Mesocosm Research Michał Łopata, Renata Augustyniak, Jolanta Grochowska, Katarzyna Parszuto and Renata Tandyrak Water 2019, 11(9), 1812; doi:10.3390/w11091812 Article: Sulfur Development in the Water-Sediment System of the Algae Accumulation Embay Area in Lake Taihu Cheng Liu, Shiguang Shao, Lei Zhang, Yiheng Du, Kaining Chen, Chengxin Fan and Yang Yu Water 2019, 11(9), 1817; doi:10.3390/w11091817 Article: An Enhanced System with Macrophytes and Polyurethane Sponge as an Eco-Technology for Restoring Eutrophic Water: A Pilot Test Yijie Wang, Xinan Yin, Yanpeng Cai and Zhifeng Yang Water 2019, 11(9), 1828; doi:10.3390/w11091828 Article: Measuring Streambank Erosion: A Comparison of Erosion Pins, Total Station, and Terrestrial Laser Scanner Daniel T. Myers, Richard R. Rediske and James N. McNair Water 2019, 11(9), 1846; doi:10.3390/w11091846 Article: Comprehensive Evaluation and Source Apportionment of Potential Toxic Elements in Soils and Sediments of Guishui River, Beijing Jiankang Wang, Bo Gao, Shuhua Yin, Laisheng Liu, Dongyu Xu and Yanyan Li Water 2019, 11(9), 1847; doi:10.3390/w11091847 Article: Algae Growth Distribution and Key Prevention and Control Positions for the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project Jie Zhu, Xiaohui Lei, Jin Quan and Xia Yue Water 2019, 11(9), 1851; doi:10.3390/w11091851 Article: Changes in a Fish Community in a Small River Related to the Appearance of the Invasive Topmouth Gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Jacek Rechulicz Water 2019, 11(9), 1857; doi:10.3390/w11091857 Article: Morphological Grayscale Reconstruction and ATLD for Recognition of Organic Pollutants in Drinking Water Based on Fluorescence Spectroscopy Fei Shi, Tingting Mao, Yitong Cao, Jie Yu, Dibo Hou, Pingjie Huang and Guangxin Zhang Water 2019, 11(9), 1859; doi:10.3390/w11091859 Article: Network Analysis Reveals Seasonal Patterns of Bacterial Community Networks in Lake Taihu under Aquaculture Conditions Yuqing Lin, Dayong Zhao, Jin Zeng, Xinyi Cao and Congcong Jiao Water 2019, 11(9), 1868; doi:10.3390/w11091868 Article: Scale Effects of Ecological Safety of Water-Saving Irrigation: A Case Study in the Arid Inland River Basin of Northwest China Guangyu Jiang and Zhongjing Wang Water 2019, 11(9), 1886; doi:10.3390/w11091886 Article: Influence of Different Types of Small Hydropower Stations on Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Changjiang River Basin, China Weihua Zhao, Weijie Guo, Liangyuan Zhao, Qingyun Li, Xiaohuan Cao and Xianqiang Tang Water 2019, 11(9), 1892; doi:10.3390/w11091892 Article: Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Assessment for the Upper Reaches of Syr Darya River in Aral Sea Basin, Central Asia Long Ma, Jilili Abuduwaili, Yaoming Li, Salamat Abdyzhapar uulu and Shuyong Mu Water 2019, 11(9), 1893; doi:10.3390/w11091893 Article: Organic Contaminants in Zooplankton of Italian Subalpine Lakes: Patterns of Distribution and Seasonal Variations Simona Pascariello, Michela Mazzoni, Roberta Bettinetti, Marina Manca, Martina Patelli, Roberta Piscia, Sara Valsecchi and Stefano Polesello Water 2019, 11(9), 1901; doi:10.3390/w11091901 Article: The Impact of the Quality of Tap Water and the Properties of Installation Materials on the Formation of Biofilms Dorota Papciak, Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak, Andżelika Domoń, Anna Wojtuś, Jakub Żywiec and Janusz Konkol Water 2019, 11(9), 1903; doi:10.3390/w11091903 Article: Potential of Water Hyacinth Infestation on Lake Tana, Ethiopia: A Prediction Using a GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Technique Minychl G. Dersseh, Aron A. Kibret, Seifu A. Tilahun, Abeyou W. Worqlul, Mamaru A. Moges, Dessalegn C. Dagnew, Wubneh B. Abebe and Assefa M. Melesse Water 2019, 11(9), 1921; doi:10.3390/w11091921 Article: Examination of Nutrient Sources and Transport in a Catchment with an Audubon Certified Golf Course Emilio Grande, Ate Visser, Pamela Beitz and Jean Moran Water 2019, 11(9), 1923; doi:10.3390/w11091923 Article: The Influence of Riparian Corridor Land Use on the Pesquería River’s Macroinvertebrate Community (N.E. Mexico) Daniel Castro-López, Pablo Rodríguez-Lozano, Rebeca Arias-Real, Víctor Guerra-Cobián and Narcís Prat Water 2019, 11(9), 1930; doi:10.3390/w11091930 Article: The Effect of Chironomid Larvae on Nitrogen Cycling and Microbial Communities in Soft Sediments Aurelija Samuiloviene, Marco Bartoli, Stefano Bonaglia, Ulisse Cardini, Irma Vybernaite-Lubiene, Ugo Marzocchi, Jolita Petkuviene, Tobia Politi, Anastasija Zaiko and Mindaugas Zilius Water 2019, 11(9), 1931; doi:10.3390/w11091931 Article: Seasonal and Scale Effects of Anthropogenic Pressures on Water Quality and Ecological Integrity: A Study in the Sabor River Basin (NE Portugal) Using Partial Least Squares-Path Modeling António Carlos Pinheiro Fernandes, Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes, Daniela Patrícia Salgado Terêncio, Rui Manuel Vitor Cortes and Fernando António Leal Pacheco Water 2019, 11(9), 1941; doi:10.3390/w11091941 Article: Pseudo-nitzschia Blooms in a Coastal Upwelling System: Remote Sensing Detection, Toxicity and Environmental Variables Jesus M. Torres Palenzuela, Luis González Vilas, Francisco M. Bellas, Elina Garet, África González-Fernández and Evangelos Spyrakos Water 2019, 11(9), 1954; doi:10.3390/w11091954 Communication: Making Sense of “Day Zero”: Slow Catastrophes, Anthropocene Futures, and the Story of Cape Town’s Water Crisis Nick Shepherd Water 2019, 11(9), 1744; doi:10.3390/w11091744 Editorial: Environmental Flows Determination and Monitoring with Hydraulic Habitat Models—Pushing the Boundaries of Habitat Models Application Piotr Parasiewicz, Paweł Prus, Christos Theodoropoulos, Knut Alfredsen, Mikołaj Adamczyk, Claudio Comoglio and Paolo Vezza Water 2019, 11(9), 1950; doi:10.3390/w11091950 Water Resources Management and Governance Article: The Spatiotemporal Variability of Evapotranspiration and Its Response to Climate Change and Land Use/Land Cover Change in the Three Gorges Reservoir Hejia Wang, Weihua Xiao, Yong Zhao, Yicheng Wang, Baodeng Hou, Yuyan Zhou, Heng Yang, Xuelei Zhang and Hao Cui Water 2019, 11(9), 1739; doi:10.3390/w11091739 Article: Engaging with Flows: Embodied Cognition in Water Provision Edwin Rap and Pieter van der Zaag Water 2019, 11(9), 1751; doi:10.3390/w11091751 Article: Virtual Water Flow and Water Footprint Assessment of an Arid Region: A Case Study of South Khorasan Province, Iran Ehsan Qasemipour and Ali Abbasi Water 2019, 11(9), 1755; doi:10.3390/w11091755 Article: Research on the Allocation of Flood Drainage Rights of the Sunan Canal Based on a Bi-level Multi-Objective Programming Model Dandan Zhang, Juqin Shen, Fuhua Sun, Bo Liu, Zeyu Wang, Kaize Zhang and Lin Li Water 2019, 11(9), 1769; doi:10.3390/w11091769 Article: Trade-Offs between Human and Environment: Challenges for Regional Water Management under Changing Conditions Elmira Hassanzadeh Water 2019, 11(9), 1773; doi:10.3390/w11091773 Article: Rice Irrigation Schedule Optimization Based on the AquaCrop Model: Study of the Longtouqiao Irrigation District Biying Zhai, Qiang Fu, Tianxiao Li, Dong Liu, Yi Ji, Mo Li and Song Cui Water 2019, 11(9), 1799; doi:10.3390/w11091799 Article: The Influence of Channel Morphological Changes on Environmental Flow Requirements in Urban Rivers Liu Zhang, Buxian Yuan, Xinan Yin and Yanwei Zhao Water 2019, 11(9), 1800; doi:10.3390/w11091800 Article: Unfolding the Water Framework Directive Implementation at the River Basin District Scale: An Italian Case Study on Irrigation Measures Emilia Pellegrini, Lucia Bortolini and Edi Defrancesco Water 2019, 11(9), 1804; doi:10.3390/w11091804 Article: Clogging Issues with Aquifer Storage and Recovery of Reclaimed Water in the Brackish Werribee Aquifer, Melbourne, Australia Pieter J. Stuyfzand and Javier Osma Water 2019, 11(9), 1807; doi:10.3390/w11091807 Article: Assessment of the Effect of Mulch Film on Crops in the Arid Agricultural Region of China under Future Climate Scenarios Lu Deng, Xianyong Meng, Ruide Yu and Qian Wang Water 2019, 11(9), 1819; doi:10.3390/w11091819 Article: Application of GALDIT in Assessing the Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability of Jeju Island, South Korea Sun Woo Chang, Il-Moon Chung, Min-Gyu Kim, Mesfin Tolera and Gi-Won Koh Water 2019, 11(9), 1824; doi:10.3390/w11091824 Article: The Groundwater‒Energy‒Food Nexus in Iran’s Agricultural Sector: Implications for Water Security Atena Mirzaei, Bahram Saghafian, Ali Mirchi and Kaveh Madani Water 2019, 11(9), 1835; doi:10.3390/w11091835 Article: Multi-Objective Optimal Scheduling Model of Dynamic Control of Flood Limit Water Level for Cascade Reservoirs Guanjun Liu, Hui Qin, Qin Shen, Rui Tian and Yongqi Liu Water 2019, 11(9), 1836; doi:10.3390/w11091836 Article: GLOF Risk Assessment Model in the Himalayas: A Case Study of a Hydropower Project in the Upper Arun River Rana Muhammad Ali Washakh, Ningsheng Chen, Tao Wang, Sundas Almas, Sajid Rashid Ahmad and Mahfuzur Rahman Water 2019, 11(9), 1839; doi:10.3390/w11091839 Article: Comparative Analysis of Building Representations in TELEMAC-2D for Flood Inundation in Idealized Urban Districts Zejin Li, Jiahong Liu, Chao Mei, Weiwei Shao, Hao Wang and Dianyi Yan Water 2019, 11(9), 1840; doi:10.3390/w11091840 Article: Modeling Spatiotemporal Rainfall Variability in Paraíba, Brazil Elias Silva de Medeiros, Renato Ribeiro de Lima, Ricardo Alves de Olinda and Carlos Antonio Costa dos Santos Water 2019, 11(9), 1843; doi:10.3390/w11091843 Article: WinSLAMM Simulation of Hydrologic Performance of Permeable Pavements—A Case Study in the Semi-Arid Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, United States Taufiqul Alam, Ahmed Mahmoud, Kim D. Jones, Juan César Bezares-Cruz and Javier Guerrero Water 2019, 11(9), 1865; doi:10.3390/w11091865 Article: Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Strategic Storage and Urban Water Management Tool in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia Anthony Knapton, Declan Page, Joanne Vanderzalm, Dennis Gonzalez, Karen Barry, Andrew Taylor, Nerida Horner, Chris Chilcott and Cuan Petherem Water 2019, 11(9), 1869; doi:10.3390/w11091869 Article: Experience is Key: Examining the Relative Importance of Factors Influencing Individuals’ Water Conservation Derrick Holland, Kristina Janét and Asheley Landrum Water 2019, 11(9), 1870; doi:10.3390/w11091870 Article: Automatic Control of the Middle Route Project for South-to-North Water Transfer Based on Linear Model Predictive Control Algorithm Lingzhong Kong, Jin Quan, Qian Yang, Peibing Song and Jie Zhu Water 2019, 11(9), 1873; doi:10.3390/w11091873 Article: Optimization of the Multi-Start Strategy of a Direct-Search Algorithm for the Calibration of Rainfall–Runoff Models for Water-Resource Assessment Liliana García-Romero, Javier Paredes-Arquiola, Abel Solera, Edgar Belda, Joaquín Andreu and Sonia T. Sánchez-Quispe Water 2019, 11(9), 1876; doi:10.3390/w11091876 Article: Leaf Wetness Duration Models Using Advanced Machine Learning Algorithms: Application to Farms in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea Junsang Park, Ju-Young Shin, Kyu Rang Kim and Jong-Chul Ha Water 2019, 11(9), 1878; doi:10.3390/w11091878 Article: Dam Site Suitability Mapping and Analysis Using an Integrated GIS and Machine Learning Approach Rami Al-Ruzouq, Abdallah Shanableh, Abdullah Gokhan Yilmaz, AlaEldin Idris, Sunanda Mukherjee, Mohamad Ali Khalil and Mohamed Barakat A. Gibril Water 2019, 11(9), 1880; doi:10.3390/w11091880 Article: Flash Flood Risk Perception by the Population of Mindelo, S. Vicente (Cape Verde) Bruno Martins, Adélia Nunes, Luciano Lourenço and Fátima Velez-Castro Water 2019, 11(9), 1895; doi:10.3390/w11091895 Article: System Dynamics Approach to Groundwater Storage Modeling for Basin-Scale Planning Guy Bates, Mario Beruvides and Clifford B. Fedler Water 2019, 11(9), 1907; doi:10.3390/w11091907 Article: Development Trend and Frontier of Stormwater Management (1980–2019): A Bibliometric Overview Based on CiteSpace Jing Wu, Xinyu Wu and Jiawei Zhang Water 2019, 11(9), 1908; doi:10.3390/w11091908 Article: Optimized Conditioning Factors Using Machine Learning Techniques for Groundwater Potential Mapping Bahareh Kalantar, Husam A. H. Al-Najjar, Biswajeet Pradhan, Vahideh Saeidi, Alfian Abdul Halin, Naonori Ueda and Seyed Amir Naghibi Water 2019, 11(9), 1909; doi:10.3390/w11091909 Article: Characteristics and Drivers of Reference Evapotranspiration in Hilly Regions in Southern China Youcun Liu, Yan Liu, Ming Chen, David Labat, Yongtao Li, Xiaohui Bian and Qianqian Ding Water 2019, 11(9), 1914; doi:10.3390/w11091914 Article: Water Brokers: Exploring Urban Water Governance through the Practices of Tanker Water Supply in Accra Rossella Alba, Antje Bruns, Lara Esther Bartels and Michelle Kooy Water 2019, 11(9), 1919; doi:10.3390/w11091919 Article: Water Infrastructure Always In-The-Making: Distributing Water and Authority through the Water Supply Network in Moamba, Mozambique Luis Miguel Silva-Novoa Sanchez, Jeltsje Sanne Kemerink-Seyoum and Margreet Zwarteveen Water 2019, 11(9), 1926; doi:10.3390/w11091926 Article: Sites and Indicators of MAR as a Successful Tool to Mitigate Climate Change Effects in Spain Enrique Fernández Escalante, Jon San Sebastián Sauto and Rodrigo Calero Gil Water 2019, 11(9), 1943; doi:10.3390/w11091943 Article: Analysis of Rainfall Trends and Extreme Precipitation in the Middle Adriatic Side, Marche Region (Central Italy) Matteo Gentilucci, Maurizio Barbieri, Han Soo Lee and Dino Zardi Water 2019, 11(9), 1948; doi:10.3390/w11091948 Communication: Water in Descriptions of Global Geoparks: Not Less Important than Geology? Dmitry A. Ruban Water 2019, 11(9), 1866; doi:10.3390/w11091866 Case Report: Improving the Accuracy of Hydrodynamic Simulations in Data Scarce Environments Using Bayesian Model Averaging: A Case Study of the Inner Niger Delta, Mali, West Africa Md Mominul Haque, Ousmane Seidou, Abdolmajid Mohammadian, Abdouramane Gado Djibo, Stefan Liersch, Samuel Fournet, Sara Karam, Edangodage Duminda Pradeep Perera and Martin Kleynhans Water 2019, 11(9), 1766; doi:10.3390/w11091766 Case Report: Emergency Disposal Solution for Control of a Giant Landslide and Dammed Lake in Yangtze River, China Guiya Chen, Xiaofeng Zhao, Yanlai Zhou, Shenglian Guo, Chong-Yu Xu and Fi-John Chang Water 2019, 11(9), 1939; doi:10.3390/w11091939 Water–Food–Energy Nexus Article: Restructuring a Water Distribution Network through the Reactivation of Decommissioned Water Tanks Giacomo Viccione, Laura Ingenito, Stefania Evangelista and Carmine Cuozzo Water 2019, 11(9), 1740; doi:10.3390/w11091740 Article: Changes in Fish Taxonomy Affect Freshwater Biogeographical Regionalisations: Insights from Greece Theocharis Vavalidis, Stamatis Zogaris, Alcibiades N. Economou, Athanasios S. Kallimanis and Dimitra C. Bobori Water 2019, 11(9), 1743; doi:10.3390/w11091743 Article: The Impact of Climate Change on Crop Production in Uganda—An Integrated Systems Assessment with Water and Energy Implications Vignesh Sridharan, Eunice Pereira Ramos, Eduardo Zepeda, Brent Boehlert, Abhishek Shivakumar, Constantinos Taliotis and Mark Howells Water 2019, 11(9), 1805; doi:10.3390/w11091805 Article: Water-Energy Nexus for an Italian Storage Hydropower Plant under Multiple Drivers Mattia Bonato, Alessandro Ranzani, Epari Ritesh Patro, Ludovic Gaudard and Carlo De Michele Water 2019, 11(9), 1838; doi:10.3390/w11091838 Article: Willingness to Pay for Enhanced Water Security in a Rapidly Developing Shale Gas Region in China Danlu Jiang, Dong Bai, Zhaowei Yin and Gongyuan Fan Water 2019, 11(9), 1888; doi:10.3390/w11091888 Article: The Performance of Satellite-Based Actual Evapotranspiration Products and the Assessment of Irrigation Efficiency in Egypt Saher Ayyad, Islam S. Al Zayed, Van Tran Thi Ha and Lars Ribbe Water 2019, 11(9), 1913; doi:10.3390/w11091913 Article: Machine Learning Approaches to Develop Pedotransfer Functions for Tropical Sri Lankan Soils M.H.J.P. Gunarathna, Kazuhito Sakai, Tamotsu Nakandakari, Kazuro Momii and M.K.N. Kumari Water 2019, 11(9), 1940; doi:10.3390/w11091940 Correction: Correction: Gisele Cristina Rubert et al., Evapotranspiration of the Brazilian Pampa Biome: Seasonality and Influential Factors. Water 2018, 10, 1864 Gisele Cristina Rubert, Débora Regina Roberti, Luis Santos Pereira, Fernando L.F. Quadros, Haroldo Fraga de Campos Velho and Osvaldo Luiz Leal de Moraes Water 2019, 11(9), 1890; doi:10.3390/w11091890 Hydraulics Article: On the Variability of the Circulation and Water Mass Properties in the Eastern Levantine Sea between September 2016–August 2017 Elena Mauri, Lina Sitz, Riccardo Gerin, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Daniel Hayes and Hezi Gildor Water 2019, 11(9), 1741; doi:10.3390/w11091741 Article: Scour Evolution Downstream of Submerged Weirs in Clear Water Scour Conditions Dawei Guan, Jingang Liu, Yee-Meng Chiew and Yingzheng Zhou Water 2019, 11(9), 1746; doi:10.3390/w11091746 Article: Impact Assessment of Pier Shape and Modifications on Scouring around Bridge Pier Rashid Farooq and Abdul Razzaq Ghumman Water 2019, 11(9), 1761; doi:10.3390/w11091761 Article: Combined Effect of Tides and Wind on Water Exchange in a Semi-Enclosed Shallow Sea Jiancheng Shang, Jian Sun, Lei Tao, Yuanyi Li, Zhenhua Nie, Haiying Liu, Rui Chen and Dekui Yuan Water 2019, 11(9), 1762; doi:10.3390/w11091762 Article: Hydraulic Jump below Abrupt Asymmetric Expanding Stilling Basin on Rough Bed Nafiseh Torkamanzad, Ali Hosseinzadeh Dalir, Farzin Salmasi and Akram Abbaspour Water 2019, 11(9), 1756; doi:10.3390/w11091756 Article: Resistance of Laminar Drain Reinforcement Levee against Overflow Erosion Yuki Kurakami and Yasuo Nihei Water 2019, 11(9), 1768; doi:10.3390/w11091768 Article: The Effect of Modifying a CFD-AB Approach on Fish Passage through a Model Hydraulic Dam Anvar Gilmanov, Daniel Zielinski, Vaughan Voller and Peter Sorensen Water 2019, 11(9), 1776; doi:10.3390/w11091776 Article: Numerical Simulation of the Sound Field of a Five-Stage Centrifugal Pump with Different Turbulence Models Li Wang, Houlin Liu, Kai Wang, Ling Zhou, Xiaoping Jiang and Yu Li Water 2019, 11(9), 1777; doi:10.3390/w11091777 Article: A Comparative Study of Comprehensive Modeling Systems for Sediment Transport in a Curved Open Channel Keivan Kaveh, Markus Reisenbüchler, Sandip Lamichhane, Tobias Liepert, Ngoc Dung Nguyen, Minh Duc Bui and Peter Rutschmann Water 2019, 11(9), 1779; doi:10.3390/w11091779 Article: Levantine Intermediate and Levantine Deep Water Formation: An Argo Float Study from 2001 to 2017 Elisabeth Kubin, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Elena Mauri, Milena Menna and Giulio Notarstefano Water 2019, 11(9), 1781; doi:10.3390/w11091781 Article: Protecting a Pumping Pipeline System from Low Pressure Transients by Using Air Pockets: A Case Study Rafael Bernardo Carmona-Paredes, Oscar Pozos-Estrada, Libia Georgina Carmona-Paredes, Alejandro Sánchez-Huerta, Eduardo Antonio Rodal-Canales and Germán Jorge Carmona-Paredes Water 2019, 11(9), 1786; doi:10.3390/w11091786 Article: Effect of a Commercial Air Valve on the Rapid Filling of a Single Pipeline: a Numerical and Experimental Analysis Óscar E. Coronado-Hernández, Mohsen Besharat, Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel and Helena M. Ramos Water 2019, 11(9), 1814; doi:10.3390/w11091814 Article: Comparisons of Local Scouring for Submerged Square and Circular Cross-Section Piles in Steady Currents Shengtao Du and Bingchen Liang Water 2019, 11(9), 1820; doi:10.3390/w11091820 Article: Effects of Spur Dikes on Water Flow Diversity and Fish Aggregation Tingjie Huang, Yan Lu and Huaixiang Liu Water 2019, 11(9), 1822; doi:10.3390/w11091822 Article: Modelling of Flow Parameters through Subsurface Drainage Modules for Application in BIOECODS Abdurrasheed Sa’id Abdurrasheed, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Alqadami, Husna Takaijudin, Aminuddin Ab. Ghani, Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad, Abdulkadir Taofeeq Sholagberu, Muhammad Kashfy Zainalfikry, Manal Osman and Mohammed Shihab Patel Water 2019, 11(9), 1823; doi:10.3390/w11091823 Article: Effects of Climate Change and Flow Regulation on the Flow Characteristics of a Low-Relief River within Southern Boreal Climate Area Elina Kasvi, Eliisa Lotsari, Miia Kumpumäki, Tanja Dubrovin and Noora Veijalainen Water 2019, 11(9), 1827; doi:10.3390/w11091827 Article: Confluence Dynamics in a Modelled Large Sand-Bed Braided River Haiyan Yang and Peitong Cong Water 2019, 11(9), 1829; doi:10.3390/w11091829 Article: Application of an Analytic Methodology to Estimate the Movements of Moored Vessels Based on Forecast Data José Sande, Andrés Figuero, Javier Tarrío-Saavedra, Enrique Peña, Alberto Alvarellos and Juan Ramón Rabuñal Water 2019, 11(9), 1841; doi:10.3390/w11091841 Article: Enhancing the Flow Characteristics in a Branching Channel Based on a Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Flow Model Hydar Lafta Ali, Badronnisa Yusuf, Thamer Ahamed Mohammed, Yasuyuki Shimizu, Mohd Shahrizal Ab Razak and Balqis Mohamed Rehan Water 2019, 11(9), 1863; doi:10.3390/w11091863 Article: Transient Hydraulic Tomography Analysis of Fourteen Pumping Tests at a Highly Heterogeneous Multiple Aquifer–Aquitard System Zhanfeng Zhao, Walter A. Illman, Yuanyuan Zha, Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh, Chin Man Bill Mok, Steven J. Berg and Dongmei Han Water 2019, 11(9), 1864; doi:10.3390/w11091864 Article: Simulation of the Transient Characteristics of Water Pipeline Leakage with Different Bending Angles Qiaoling Zhang, Feng Wu, Zhendong Yang, Guodong Li and Juanli Zuo Water 2019, 11(9), 1871; doi:10.3390/w11091871 Article: Smooth Open Channel with Increasing Aspect Ratio: Influence on Secondary Flow Siyu Jing, Wenjun Yang and Yue Chen Water 2019, 11(9), 1872; doi:10.3390/w11091872 Article: Case Study: Model Test on the Effects of Grade Control Datum Drop on the Upstream Bed Morphology in Shiting River Xudong Ma, Lu Wang, Ruihua Nie, Kejun Yang and Xingnian Liu Water 2019, 11(9), 1898; doi:10.3390/w11091898 Article: Turbulence Characteristics before and after Scour Upstream of a Scaled-Down Bridge Pier Model Seung Oh Lee and Seung Ho Hong Water 2019, 11(9), 1900; doi:10.3390/w11091900 Article: Development of a Safety-Inspection Method for River Bridges in Turkey Huseyin Akay, Musteyde Baduna Kocyigit and A. Melih Yanmaz Water 2019, 11(9), 1902; doi:10.3390/w11091902 Article: Application of MODFLOW with Boundary Conditions Analyses Based on Limited Available Observations: A Case Study of Birjand Plain in East Iran Reza Aghlmand and Ali Abbasi Water 2019, 11(9), 1904; doi:10.3390/w11091904 Article: Wall Stresses in Cylinder of Stationary Piped Carriage Using COMSOL Multiphysics Xiaoni Yang, Juanjuan Ma, Yongye Li, Xihuan Sun, Xiaomeng Jia and Yonggang Li Water 2019, 11(9), 1910; doi:10.3390/w11091910 Article: Modeling Sugar Beet Responses to Irrigation with AquaCrop for Optimizing Water Allocation Margarita Garcia-Vila, Rodrigo Morillo-Velarde and Elias Fereres Water 2019, 11(9), 1918; doi:10.3390/w11091918 Article: A Numerical Study of Fluid Flow in a Vertical Slot Fishway with the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method Gorazd Novak, Angelantonio Tafuni, José M. Domínguez, Matjaž Četina and Dušan Žagar Water 2019, 11(9), 1928; doi:10.3390/w11091928 Article: Improving Flows in Misaligned Culverts Rick Jaeger, Carolyn Jacobs, Katharina Tondera and Neil Tindale Water 2019, 11(9), 1932; doi:10.3390/w11091932 Article: Concentration Measurement of Uniform Particles Based on Backscatter Sensing of Optical Fibers Rui Huang, Qinghe Zhang, Pengfei Qi and Weiwei Liu Water 2019, 11(9), 1955; doi:10.3390/w11091955 Hydrology Article: The Stable Isotopic Composition of Different Water Bodies at the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC) of the Western Loess Plateau, China Cunwei Che, Mingjun Zhang, Athanassios A. Argiriou, Shengjie Wang, Qinqin Du, Peipei Zhao and Zhuanzhuan Ma Water 2019, 11(9), 1742; doi:10.3390/w11091742 Article: Transient Flow and Transport Modelling of an Historical CHC Source in North-West Milano Loris Colombo, Luca Alberti, Pietro Mazzon and Giovanni Formentin Water 2019, 11(9), 1745; doi:10.3390/w11091745 Article: Assessment of Sediment Transport Functions with the Modified SWAT-Twn Model for a Taiwanese Small Mountainous Watershed Chih-Mei Lu and Li-Chi Chiang Water 2019, 11(9), 1749; doi:10.3390/w11091749 Article: Can We Calibrate a Daily Time-Step Hydrological Model Using Monthly Time-Step Discharge Data? Soham Adla, Shivam Tripathi and Markus Disse Water 2019, 11(9), 1750; doi:10.3390/w11091750 Article: A Regression Model of Stream Water Quality Based on Interactions between Landscape Composition and Riparian Buffer Width in Small Catchments Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra, Carlos Alberto Valera, Renata Cristina Araújo Costa, Hygor Evangelista Siqueira, Marcílio Vieira Martins Filho, Renato Farias do Valle Júnior, Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes and Fernando António Leal Pacheco Water 2019, 11(9), 1757; doi:10.3390/w11091757 Article: Stable Isotope Composition of River Waters across the World Yi Nan, Fuqiang Tian, Hongchang Hu, Lixin Wang and Sihan Zhao Water 2019, 11(9), 1760; doi:10.3390/w11091760 Article: Estimating the Isotopic Altitude Gradient for Hydrogeological Studies in Mountainous Areas: Are the Low-Yield Springs Suitable? Insights from the Northern Apennines of Italy Alberto Tazioli, Federico Cervi, Marco Doveri, Mario Mussi, Manuela Deiana and Francesco Ronchetti Water 2019, 11(9), 1764; doi:10.3390/w11091764 Article: Hydrogeological and Climatological Risks Perception in a Multi-Hazard Environment: The Case of Greece Katerina Papagiannaki, Michalis Diakakis, Vassiliki Kotroni, Kostas Lagouvardos and Emmanuel Andreadakis Water 2019, 11(9), 1770; doi:10.3390/w11091770 Article: Assessing the Performance of CMIP5 Global Climate Models for Simulating Future Precipitation Change in the Tibetan Plateau Kun Jia, Yunfeng Ruan, Yanzhao Yang and Chao Zhang Water 2019, 11(9), 1771; doi:10.3390/w11091771 Article: Geochemical and Isotopic Compositions and Geothermometry of Thermal Waters in the Magumsan Area, South Korea Chan-Ho Jeong, Byeong-Dae Lee, Jae-Ha Yang, Keisuke Nagao, Kyu-Han Kim, Sang-Won Ahn, Yong-Cheon Lee, Yu-Jin Lee and Hyeon-Woo Jang Water 2019, 11(9), 1774; doi:10.3390/w11091774 Article: Trend Analysis of Hydroclimatic Variables in the Kamo River Basin, Japan Maochuan Hu, Takahiro Sayama, Sophal TRY, Kaoru Takara and Kenji Tanaka Water 2019, 11(9), 1782; doi:10.3390/w11091782 Article: Role of Groundwater-Borne Geogenic Phosphorus for the Internal P Release in Shallow Lakes Catharina S. Nisbeth, Søren Jessen, Ole Bennike, Jacob Kidmose and Kasper Reitzel Water 2019, 11(9), 1783; doi:10.3390/w11091783 Article: The Well Efficiency Criteria Revisited—Development of a General Well Efficiency Criteria (GWEC) Based on Rorabaugh’s Model Bedri Kurtulus, Tolga Necati Yaylım, Ozgur Avşar, Halit Fatih Kulac and Moumtaz Razack Water 2019, 11(9), 1784; doi:10.3390/w11091784 Article: Estimating Evaporation from Irrigation Canals in the Midstream Areas of the Heihe River Basin by a Double-Deck Surface Air Layer (DSAL) Model Weizhen Wang, Feinan Xu, Suhua Liu, Long Wei, Jiaojiao Feng, Haining Wei, Leilei Dong, Yueru Wu and Tetsuo Kobayashi Water 2019, 11(9), 1788; doi:10.3390/w11091788 Article: Advanced Method to Capture the Time-Lag Effects between Annual NDVI and Precipitation Variation Using RNN in the Arid and Semi-Arid Grasslands Taosuo Wu, Feng Feng, Qian Lin and Hongmei Bai Water 2019, 11(9), 1789; doi:10.3390/w11091789 Article: Drought Risk under Climate and Land Use Changes: Implication to Water Resource Availability at Catchment Scale Muhammad Afzal and Ragab Ragab Water 2019, 11(9), 1790; doi:10.3390/w11091790 Article: An Improved Genetic Algorithm Coupling a Back-Propagation Neural Network Model (IGA-BPNN) for Water-Level Predictions Nengcheng Chen, Chang Xiong, Wenying Du, Chao Wang, Xin Lin and Zeqiang Chen Water 2019, 11(9), 1795; doi:10.3390/w11091795 Article: Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydro-Climate of Peninsular Malaysia Ir. Mohd Zaki bin Mat Amin, Ali Ercan, Kei Ishida, M. Levent Kavvas, Z.Q. Chen and Su-Hyung Jang Water 2019, 11(9), 1798; doi:10.3390/w11091798 Article: Interannual Hydroclimatic Variability of the Lake Mweru Basin, Zambia Peter Waylen, Christopher Annear and Erin Bunting Water 2019, 11(9), 1801; doi:10.3390/w11091801 Article: Estimation of Soil Erosion in the Chaohu Lake Basin through Modified Soil Erodibility Combined with Gravel Content in the RUSLE Model Sai Hu, Long Li, Longqian Chen, Liang Cheng, Lina Yuan, Xiaodong Huang and Ting Zhang Water 2019, 11(9), 1806; doi:10.3390/w11091806 Article: Hydrological Early Warning System Based on a Deep Learning Runoff Model Coupled with a Meteorological Forecast Alberto de la Fuente, Viviana Meruane and Carolina Meruane Water 2019, 11(9), 1808; doi:10.3390/w11091808 Article: Nonstationary Flood Hazard Analysis in Response to Climate Change and Population Growth Lei Yan, Lingqi Li, Pengtao Yan, Hongmou He, Jing Li and Dongyang Lu Water 2019, 11(9), 1811; doi:10.3390/w11091811 Article: Estimation of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Granular Soils from Particle Size Parameters Ji-Peng Wang, Pei-Zhi Zhuang, Ji-Yuan Luan, Tai-Heng Liu, Yi-Ran Tan and Jiong Zhang Water 2019, 11(9), 1826; doi:10.3390/w11091826 Article: The Long-Term Effects of Land Use and Climate Changes on the Hydro-Morphology of the Reno River Catchment (Northern Italy) Donatella Pavanelli, Claudio Cavazza, Stevo Lavrnić and Attilio Toscano Water 2019, 11(9), 1831; doi:10.3390/w11091831 Article: Trends in Drought over the Northeast United States Nir Y. Krakauer, Tarendra Lakhankar and Damien Hudson Water 2019, 11(9), 1834; doi:10.3390/w11091834 Article: Application of Stable Isotopes of Water to Study Coupled Submarine Groundwater Discharge and Nutrient Delivery Carlos Duque, Søren Jessen, Joel Tirado-Conde, Sachin Karan and Peter Engesgaard Water 2019, 11(9), 1842; doi:10.3390/w11091842 Article: A Novel Hybrid Extreme Learning Machine Approach Improved by K Nearest Neighbor Method and Fireworks Algorithm for Flood Forecasting in Medium and Small Watershed of Loess Region Juanhui Ren, Bo Ren, Qiuwen Zhang and Xiuqing Zheng Water 2019, 11(9), 1848; doi:10.3390/w11091848 Article: Morphological Changes of the Lower Tedori River, Japan, over 50 Years Dang Minh Hai, Shinya Umeda and Masatoshi Yuhi Water 2019, 11(9), 1852; doi:10.3390/w11091852 Article: Long-Term Trends and Seasonality Detection of the Observed Flow in Yangtze River Using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s Innovative Trend Method Rawshan Ali, Alban Kuriqi, Shadan Abubaker and Ozgur Kisi Water 2019, 11(9), 1855; doi:10.3390/w11091855 Article: Rainfall–Runoff Processes and Modelling in Regions Characterized by Deficiency in Soil Water Storage Pengfei Shi, Tao Yang, Chong-Yu Xu, Bin Yong, Ching-Sheng Huang, Zhenya Li, Youwei Qin, Xiaoyan Wang, Xudong Zhou and Shu Li Water 2019, 11(9), 1858; doi:10.3390/w11091858 Article: Source Identification and Quantification of Seepage Water in a Coastal Mine, in China Xueliang Duan, Fengshan Ma, Jie Guo, Haijun Zhao, Hongyu Gu, Shuaiqi Liu and Qihao Sun Water 2019, 11(9), 1862; doi:10.3390/w11091862 Article: Hydrodynamic-Based Numerical Assessment of Flood Risk of Tamuín City, Mexico, by Tampaón River: A Forecast Considering Climate Change Clemente Rodríguez-Cuevas, Hermann Rocha-Escalante, Carlos Couder-Castañeda, Isaac Medina and Jorge J. Hernández-Gómez Water 2019, 11(9), 1867; doi:10.3390/w11091867 Article: High Resolution Monitoring of Seawater Intrusion in a Multi-Aquifer System-Implementation of a New Downhole Geophysical Tool Adi Tal, Yishai Weinstein, Matthieu Baïsset, Arik Golan and Yoseph Yechieli Water 2019, 11(9), 1877; doi:10.3390/w11091877 Article: Groundwater Recharge Prediction Using Linear Regression, Multi-Layer Perception Network, and Deep Learning Xin Huang, Lei Gao, Russell S. Crosbie, Nan Zhang, Guobin Fu and Rebecca Doble Water 2019, 11(9), 1879; doi:10.3390/w11091879 Article: A Comprehensive Performance Assessment of the Modified Philip–Dunne Infiltrometer Zuhier Alakayleh, Xing Fang and T. Prabhakar Clement Water 2019, 11(9), 1881; doi:10.3390/w11091881 Article: Hydrodynamic and Soil Biodiversity Characterization in an Active Landslide Sara Remelli, Emma Petrella, Alessandro Chelli, Federica Delia Conti, Carlos Lozano Fondón, Fulvio Celico, Roberto Francese and Cristina Menta Water 2019, 11(9), 1882; doi:10.3390/w11091882 Article: A Study on the Improvement of Flood Forecasting Techniques in Urban Areas by Considering Rainfall Intensity and Duration Yeon Moon Choo, Deok Jun Jo, Gwan Seon Yun and Eui Hoon Lee Water 2019, 11(9), 1883; doi:10.3390/w11091883 Article: Flood Risk Assessment of the Wadi Nu’man Basin, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (During the Period, 1988–2019) Based on the Integration of Geomatics and Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study Ashraf Abdelkarim and Ahmed F.D. Gaber Water 2019, 11(9), 1887; doi:10.3390/w11091887 Article: Dependence Between Extreme Rainfall Events and the Seasonality and Bivariate Properties of Floods. A Continuous Distributed Physically-Based Approach Ivan Gabriel-Martin, Alvaro Sordo-Ward, Luis Garrote and Juan T. García Water 2019, 11(9), 1896; doi:10.3390/w11091896 Article: The Role of Management of Stream–Riparian Zones on Subsurface–Surface Flow Components Mads Steiness, Søren Jessen, Mattia Spitilli, Sofie G. W. van’t Veen, Anker Lajer Højberg and Peter Engesgaard Water 2019, 11(9), 1905; doi:10.3390/w11091905 Article: Evaluation of MOD16 Algorithm over Irrigated Rice Paddy Using Flux Tower Measurements in Southern Brazil Vanessa de Arruda Souza, Débora Regina Roberti, Anderson Luis Ruhoff, Tamíres Zimmer, Daniela Santini Adamatti, Luis Gustavo G. de Gonçalves, Marcelo Bortoluzzi Diaz, Rita de Cássia Marques Alves and Osvaldo L. L. de Moraes Water 2019, 11(9), 1911; doi:10.3390/w11091911 Article: Physically Based Estimation of Rainfall Thresholds Triggering Shallow Landslides in Volcanic Slopes of Southern Italy Francesco Fusco, Pantaleone De Vita, Benjamin B. Mirus, Rex L. Baum, Vincenzo Allocca, Rita Tufano, Enrico Di Clemente and Domenico Calcaterra Water 2019, 11(9), 1915; doi:10.3390/w11091915 Article: Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Precipitation and Temperature in Punjab, Pakistan Zain Nawaz, Xin Li, Yingying Chen, Yanlong Guo, Xufeng Wang and Naima Nawaz Water 2019, 11(9), 1916; doi:10.3390/w11091916 Article: Pilot-Scale Evaluation of a Permeable Reactive Barrier with Compost and Brown Coal to Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Trichloroethylene S. Johana Grajales-Mesa and Grzegorz Malina Water 2019, 11(9), 1922; doi:10.3390/w11091922 Article: The Effect of Hydrological Connectivity on the Zooplankton Structure in Floodplain Lakes of a Regulated Large River (the Lower Vistula, Poland) Paweł Napiórkowski, Martyna Bąkowska, Natalia Mrozińska, Monika Szymańska, Nikola Kolarova and Krystian Obolewski Water 2019, 11(9), 1924; doi:10.3390/w11091924 Article: Investigation of Karst Spring Flow Cessation Using Grey System Models Yaru Guo, Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh and Yonghong Hao Water 2019, 11(9), 1927; doi:10.3390/w11091927 Article: Support Vector Regression Integrated with Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm for River Flow Forecasting in Lake Urmia Basin Saeed Samadianfard, Salar Jarhan, Ely Salwana, Amir Mosavi, Shahaboddin Shamshirband and Shatirah Akib Water 2019, 11(9), 1934; doi:10.3390/w11091934 Article: Flood Monitoring in Vegetated Areas Using Multitemporal Sentinel-1 Data: Impact of Time Series Features Viktoriya Tsyganskaya, Sandro Martinis and Philip Marzahn Water 2019, 11(9), 1938; doi:10.3390/w11091938 Article: Assessing the Fresh–Saline Groundwater Distribution in the Nile Delta Aquifer Using a 3D Variable-Density Groundwater Flow Model Marmar Mabrouk, Andreja Jonoski, Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink and Stefan Uhlenbrook Water 2019, 11(9), 1946; doi:10.3390/w11091946 Article: Reconstruction of Thermal Conditions in the Subboreal Inferred from Isotopic Studies of Groundwater and Calcareous Tufa from the Spring Mire Cupola in Wardzyń (Central Poland) Tomasz Gruszczyński, Jerzy J. Małecki, Anastasiia Romanova and Maciej Ziułkiewicz Water 2019, 11(9), 1945; doi:10.3390/w11091945 Article: Glacier Surface Mass Balance in the Suntar-Khayata Mountains, Northeastern Siberia Yong Zhang, Xin Wang, Zongli Jiang, Junfeng Wei, Hiroyuki Enomoto and Tetsuo Ohata Water 2019, 11(9), 1949; doi:10.3390/w11091949 Article: Hydro-Meteorological Trends in the Upper Omo-Ghibe River Basin, Ethiopia Dessalegn Jaweso, Brook Abate, Andreas Bauwe and Bernd Lennartz Water 2019, 11(9), 1951; doi:10.3390/w11091951 Article: Spatio-Temporal Groundwater Drought Monitoring Using Multi-Satellite Data Based on an Artificial Neural Network Jae Young Seo and Sang-Il Lee Water 2019, 11(9), 1953; doi:10.3390/w11091953 Editorial: Statistical Analysis and Stochastic Modelling of Hydrological Extremes Hossein Tabari Water 2019, 11(9), 1861; doi:10.3390/w11091861 Editorial: Soil and Water Conservation in Agricultural and Forestry Systems Manuel López-Vicente and Gao-Lin Wu Water 2019, 11(9), 1937; doi:10.3390/w11091937 Correction: Correction: Hu, Q., et al. Rainfall Spatial Estimations: A Review from Spatial Interpolation to Multi-Source Data Merging. Water 2019, 11, 579 Qingfang Hu, Zhe Li, Leizhi Wang, Yong Huang, Yintang Wang and Lingjie Li Water 2019, 11(9), 1936; doi:10.3390/w11091936 Water Use and Scarcity Review: Sustainable Irrigation in Agriculture: An Analysis of Global Research Juan F. Velasco-Muñoz, José A. Aznar-Sánchez, Ana Batlles-delaFuente and Maria Dolores Fidelibus Water 2019, 11(9), 1758; doi:10.3390/w11091758 Article: A Modified Surface Energy Balance to Estimate Crop Transpiration and Soil Evaporation in Micro-Irrigated Orchards Camilo Souto, Octavio Lagos, Eduardo Holzapfel, Mahesh Lal Maskey, Lynn Wunderlich, Kristen Shapiro, Giulia Marino, Richard Snyder and Daniele Zaccaria Water 2019, 11(9), 1747; doi:10.3390/w11091747 Article: Farmers’ Attitudes to the Pricing of Natural Resources for Sustainability: GAP-Şanlıurfa Sampling of Turkey Mustafa Hakki Aydogdu Water 2019, 11(9), 1772; doi:10.3390/w11091772 Article: Crop Performance and Water Productivity of Transplanted Rice as Affected by Seedling Age and Seedling Density under Alternate Wetting and Drying Conditions in Lao PDR Rubenito Lampayan, Phetmanyseng Xangsayasane and Crisanta Bueno Water 2019, 11(9), 1816; doi:10.3390/w11091816 Article: A Comprehensive Modelling Approach to Assess Water Use Efficiencies of Different Irrigation Management Options in Rice Irrigation Districts of Northern Italy Alice Mayer, Michele Rienzner, Sandra Cesari de Maria, Marco Romani, Alberto Lasagna and Arianna Facchi Water 2019, 11(9), 1833; doi:10.3390/w11091833 Article: Reverse QMRA as a Decision Support Tool: Setting Acceptable Concentration Limits forPseudomonas aeruginosa and Naegleria fowleri Md Rasheduzzaman, Rajveer Singh, Charles N. Haas, Dienye Tolofari, Hamed Yassaghi, Kerry A. Hamilton, Zhao Yang and Patrick L. Gurian Water 2019, 11(9), 1850; doi:10.3390/w11091850 Article: Estimating Peak Daily Water Demand under Different Climate Change and Vacation Scenarios Erwin Vonk, Dirk Gijsbert Cirkel and Mirjam Blokker Water 2019, 11(9), 1874; doi:10.3390/w11091874 Article: Evaluating Evaporation Methods for Estimating Small Reservoir Water Surface Evaporation in the Brazilian Savannah Daniel Althoff, Lineu Neiva Rodrigues and Demetrius David da Silva Water 2019, 11(9), 1942; doi:10.3390/w11091942 Article: Runoff Harvesting Site Suitability Analysis for Wildlife in Sub-Desert Regions Masoud Jafari Shalamzari, Wanchang Zhang, Atefeh Gholami and Zhijie Zhang Water 2019, 11(9), 1944; doi:10.3390/w11091944 Article: Climate Change Made Major Contributions to Soil Water Storage Decline in the Southwestern US during 2003–2014 Jianzhao Liu, Liping Gao, Fenghui Yuan, Yuedong Guo and Xiaofeng Xu Water 2019, 11(9), 1947; doi:10.3390/w11091947 Article: Sustainable Irrigation Using Non-Conventional Resources: What has Happened after 30 Years Regarding Boron Phytotoxicity? Vanessa Mendoza-Grimón, Juan Ramón Fernández-Vera, Jose Manuel Hernández-Moreno and María del Pino Palacios-Díaz Water 2019, 11(9), 1952; doi:10.3390/w11091952 Water and Wastewater Treatment Article: Application of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Flocculant to Flocculation–Sedimentation Treatment of Ultrafine Cement Suspension Tomokazu Yanagibashi, Motoyoshi Kobayashi and Keisuke Omori Water 2019, 11(9), 1748; doi:10.3390/w11091748 Article: Application of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis against Chemical Pollution of Water Inga Tabagari, Maritsa Kurashvili, Tamar Varazi, George Adamia, George Gigolashvili, Marina Pruidze, Liana Chokheli, Gia Khatisashvili and Peter von Fragstein und Niemsdorff Water 2019, 11(9), 1759; doi:10.3390/w11091759 Article: Elementary Iodine-Doped Activated Carbon as an Oxidizing Agent for the Treatment of Arsenic-Enriched Drinking Water Fabio Spaziani, Yuli Natori, Yoshiaki Kinase, Tomohiko Kawakami and Katsuyoshi Tatenuma Water 2019, 11(9), 1778; doi:10.3390/w11091778 Article: Heterotrophic Kinetic Study and Nitrogen Removal of a Membrane Bioreactor System Treating Real Urban Wastewater under a Pharmaceutical Compounds Shock: Effect of the Operative Variables Antonio Monteoliva-García, Juan Carlos Leyva-Díaz, Cristina López-López, José Manuel Poyatos, María del Mar Muñío and Jaime Martín-Pascual Water 2019, 11(9), 1785; doi:10.3390/w11091785 Article: Au/ZnO Hybrid Nanostructures on Electrospun Polymeric Mats for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants Laura Campagnolo, Simone Lauciello, Athanassia Athanassiou and Despina Fragouli Water 2019, 11(9), 1787; doi:10.3390/w11091787 Article: The Influence of Bottom Sediments and Inoculation with Rhizobacterial Inoculants on the Physiological State of Plants Used in Urban Plantings Anna Wyrwicka, Magdalena Urbaniak, Grzegorz Siebielec, Sylwia Siebielec, Joanna Chojak-Koźniewska, Mirosław Przybylski, Aleksandra Witusińska and Petra Susan Kidd Water 2019, 11(9), 1792; doi:10.3390/w11091792 Article: Enhanced Photo-Catalytic Performance of Activated Carbon Fibers for Water Treatment Konstantinos V. Plakas, Athina Taxintari and Anastasios J. Karabelas Water 2019, 11(9), 1794; doi:10.3390/w11091794 Article: The-Proof-of-Concept of Biochar Floating Cover Influence on Water pH Zhanibek Meiirkhanuly, Jacek A. Koziel, Andrzej Białowiec, Chumki Banik and Robert C. Brown Water 2019, 11(9), 1802; doi:10.3390/w11091802 Article: Scaling up Microbial Fuel Cells for Treating Swine Wastewater Yuko Goto and Naoko Yoshida Water 2019, 11(9), 1803; doi:10.3390/w11091803 Article: Activated Carbon Mixed with Marine Sediment is Suitable as Bioanode Material for Spartina anglica Sediment/Plant Microbial Fuel Cell: Plant Growth, Electricity Generation, and Spatial Microbial Community Diversity Emilius Sudirjo, Cees J.N. Buisman and David P.B.T.B. Strik Water 2019, 11(9), 1810; doi:10.3390/w11091810 Article: Application of Cold Region Regenerable Biomass in Phosphorus Adsorption in Reclaimed Water Jinghui Wu, Xiangyu Li, Zhian Ying, Chi Wang, Wu Yang, Mingxin Huo, Chyi-How Lay and Xianze Wang Water 2019, 11(9), 1815; doi:10.3390/w11091815 Article: Degradation of Methylene Blue via Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment Lihang Wu, Qinglong Xie, Yongbo Lv, Zhenyu Wu, Xiaojiang Liang, Meizhen Lu and Yong Nie Water 2019, 11(9), 1818; doi:10.3390/w11091818 Article: Enhanced Flocculation Using Drinking Water Treatment Plant Sedimentation Residual Solids Sandhya Rao Poleneni, Enos Inniss, Honglan Shi, John Yang, Bin Hua and Joseph Clamp Water 2019, 11(9), 1821; doi:10.3390/w11091821 Article: Reusing Treated Waste-Water from a Circular Economy Perspective—The Case of the Real Acequia de Moncada in Valencia (Spain) Joep Hagenvoort, Mar Ortega-Reig, Salut Botella, Carla García, Ana de Luis and Guillermo Palau-Salvador Water 2019, 11(9), 1830; doi:10.3390/w11091830 Article: Effect of Different Copper Levels on Growth and Morpho-Physiological Parameters in Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.) in Semi-Hydroponic Mesocosm Experiment Fabrizio Pietrini, Monica Carnevale, Claudio Beni, Massimo Zacchini, Francesco Gallucci and Enrico Santangelo Water 2019, 11(9), 1837; doi:10.3390/w11091837 Article: Treatment of a Mature Landfill Leachate: Comparison between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton with Different Pretreatments Javier Tejera, Ruben Miranda, Daphne Hermosilla, Iñigo Urra, Carlos Negro and Ángeles Blanco Water 2019, 11(9), 1849; doi:10.3390/w11091849 Article: Household Willingness to Pay for Wastewater Treatment and Water Supply System Improvement in a Ger Area in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia Ariuntuya Byambadorj and Han Soo Lee Water 2019, 11(9), 1856; doi:10.3390/w11091856 Article: A Thermal Model for Predicting the Performance of a Solar Still with Fresnel Lens Ana Johnson, Lei Mu, Young Ho Park, Delia J. Valles, Huiyao Wang, Pei Xu, Krishna Kota and Sarada Kuravi Water 2019, 11(9), 1860; doi:10.3390/w11091860 Article: Application of Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes (UV-LED) to Full-Scale Drinking-Water Disinfection Peter Jarvis, Olivier Autin, Emma H. Goslan and Francis Hassard Water 2019, 11(9), 1894; doi:10.3390/w11091894 Article: Mining Rock Wastes for Water Treatment: Potential Reuse of Fe- and Mn-Rich Materials for Arsenic Removal Barbara Casentini, Marco Lazzazzara, Stefano Amalfitano, Rosamaria Salvatori, Daniela Guglietta, Daniele Passeri, Girolamo Belardi and Francesca Trapasso Water 2019, 11(9), 1897; doi:10.3390/w11091897 Article: Preparation of Activated Biochar-Supported Magnetite Composite for Adsorption of Polychlorinated Phenols from Aqueous Solutions Byung-Moon Jun, Yejin Kim, Jonghun Han, Yeomin Yoon, Jeonggwan Kim and Chang Min Park Water 2019, 11(9), 1899; doi:10.3390/w11091899 Article: Functionalized Leather: A Novel and Effective Hazardous Solid Waste Adsorbent for the Removal of the Diazo Dye Congo Red from Aqueous Solution Camila Clavijo and Johann F. Osma Water 2019, 11(9), 1906; doi:10.3390/w11091906 Article: Adsorptive Removal of Iron and Manganese from Groundwater Samples in Ghana by Zeolite Y Synthesized from Bauxite and Kaolin Bright Kwakye-Awuah, Baah Sefa-Ntiri, Elizabeth Von-Kiti, Isaac Nkrumah and Craig Williams Water 2019, 11(9), 1912; doi:10.3390/w11091912 Article: Acetaminophen Removal from Water by Microalgae and Effluent Toxicity Assessment by the Zebrafish Embryo Bioassay Carla Escapa, Ricardo N. Coimbra, Teresa Neuparth, Tiago Torres, Miguel M. Santos and Marta Otero Water 2019, 11(9), 1929; doi:10.3390/w11091929 Article: Groundwater Autochthonous Microbial Communities as Tracers of Anthropogenic Pressure Impacts: Example from a Municipal Waste Treatment Plant (Latium, Italy) David Rossi, Anna Barra Caracciolo, Paola Grenni, Flavia Cattena, Martina Di Lenola, Luisa Patrolecco, Nicoletta Ademollo, Ruggiero Ciannarella, Giuseppe Mascolo and Stefano Ghergo Water 2019, 11(9), 1933; doi:10.3390/w11091933 Article: Removal of >10 µm Microplastic Particles from Treated Wastewater by a Disc Filter Márta Simon, Alvise Vianello and Jes Vollertsen Water 2019, 11(9), 1935; doi:10.3390/w11091935 Urban Water Management Review: Wetland Roofs as an Attractive Option for Decentralized Water Management and Air Conditioning Enhancement in Growing Cities—A Review Andreas Zehnsdorf, Keani C. U. Willebrand, Ralf Trabitzsch, Sarah Knechtel, Michael Blumberg and Roland A. Müller Water 2019, 11(9), 1845; doi:10.3390/w11091845 Article: Optimize Short-Term Rainfall Forecast with Combination of Ensemble Precipitation Nowcasts by Lagrangian Extrapolation Wooyoung Na and Chulsang Yoo Water 2019, 11(9), 1752; doi:10.3390/w11091752 Article: Using Remote Sensing Based Metrics to Quantify the Hydrological Response in a City Charlotte Wirion, Willy Bauwens and Boud Verbeiren Water 2019, 11(9), 1763; doi:10.3390/w11091763 Article: Evaluating the Risk-Based Performance of Bioinfiltration Facilities under Climate Change Scenarios Conor Lewellyn and Bridget Wadzuk Water 2019, 11(9), 1765; doi:10.3390/w11091765 Article: Assessing Risks from Groundwater Exploitation and Utilization: Case Study of the Shanghai Megacity, China Hui Zhang, Jingjie Yu, Chaoyang Du, Jun Xia and Xiaojun Wang Water 2019, 11(9), 1775; doi:10.3390/w11091775 Article: Influence of Intermittence and Pressure Differentials in Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration in a Gravity Sewer Rita Ventura Matos, Filipa Ferreira and José Saldanha Matos Water 2019, 11(9), 1780; doi:10.3390/w11091780 Article: Assessing the Freshwater Quality of a Large-Scale Mining Watershed: The Need for Integrated Approaches Daniel Mercado-Garcia, Eveline Beeckman, Jana Van Butsel, Nilton Deza Arroyo, Marco Sanchez Peña, Cécile Van Buggendhoudt, Nancy De Saeyer, Marie Anne Eurie Forio, Karel A. C. De Schamphelaere, Guido Wyseure and Peter Goethals Water 2019, 11(9), 1797; doi:10.3390/w11091797 Article: The Influence of Urban Flooding on Residents’ Daily Travel: A Case Study of Macau with Proposed Ameliorative Strategies Kehong Li and Long Zhou Water 2019, 11(9), 1825; doi:10.3390/w11091825 Article: Using High-Density LiDAR Data and 2D Streamflow Hydraulic Modeling to Improve Urban Flood Hazard Maps: A HEC-RAS Multi-Scenario Approach Alin Mihu-Pintilie, Cătălin Ioan Cîmpianu, Cristian Constantin Stoleriu, Martín Núñez Pérez and Larisa Elena Paveluc Water 2019, 11(9), 1832; doi:10.3390/w11091832 Article: Estimating Errors in Sizing LID Device and Overflow Prediction Using the Intensity-Duration-Frequency Method Shuangcheng Tang, Qing Xu, Zhonghua Jia, Wan Luo and Zhengxiao Shao Water 2019, 11(9), 1853; doi:10.3390/w11091853 Article: Spatiotemporal Water Quality Variations in Smaller Water Supply Systems: Using Modified CCME WQI from Groundwater Source to Distribution Networks Husnain Haider, Mohammed Hammed Alkhowaiter, Md. Shafiquzzaman, Saleem S. AlSaleem, Meshal Almoshaogeh and Fawaz Alharbi Water 2019, 11(9), 1884; doi:10.3390/w11091884 Article: Physical Experiment and Modeling of the Transport and Deposition of Polydisperse Particles in Stormwater: Effects of a Depth-Dependent Initial Filter Coefficient Zhike Zou, Longcang Shu, Xing Min and Esther Chifuniro Mabedi Water 2019, 11(9), 1885; doi:10.3390/w11091885 Article: Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Mokopane Area, Limpopo, South Africa Using Statistical Approach Mmasabata Dolly Molekoa, Ram Avtar, Pankaj Kumar, Huynh Vuong Thu Minh and Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan Water 2019, 11(9), 1891; doi:10.3390/w11091891 Technical Note: Physical Parameterization of IDF Curves Based on Short-Duration Storms Alfonso Gutierrez-Lopez, Sergio Bernardo Jimenez Hernandez and Carlos Escalante Sandoval Water 2019, 11(9), 1813; doi:10.3390/w11091813

Special Issues Open for Submissions Multiplicity, Characteristics, Main Impacts, and Stewardship of Natural and Artificial Freshwater Environments: Consequences for Biodiversity Conservation (Deadline: 9 October 2019) Resilient and Robust Water Distribution Systems: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges (Deadline: 10 October 2019) Managing Water Resources in Large River Basins (Deadline: 14 October 2019) Flood Risk Analysis and Management from a Systems Approach (Deadline: 15 October 2019) Damaging Hydrogeological Events (Deadline: 16 October 2019) To access the full list of Special Issues, please click here

Topical Collection (without Deadline) Water Policy Collection To access the full list of Topical Collections, please click here

Recent Special Issue Reprints Climate Variability and Climate Change Impacts on Land Surface, Hydrological Processes and Water Management Yongqiang Zhang, Hongxia Li and Paolo Reggiani (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-507-2 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-508-9 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-508-9 Modeling and Practice of Erosion and Sediment Transport under Change Gil Mahé, Hafzullah Aksoy and Mohamed Meddi (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-431-0 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-432-7 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-432-7 Water-Worked Bedload: Hydrodynamic and Mass Transport Paweł M. Rowiński and Subhasish Dey (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-301-6 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-302-3 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-302-3 Efficiency of Bank Filtration and Post-Treatment Thomas Grischek and Chittaranjan Ray (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-305-4 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-306-1 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-306-1 The Challenges of Water Management and Governance in Cities Cornelis Johannes (Kees) van Leeuwen, Jan Hofman, Peter Driessen and Jos Frijns (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-03921-150-0 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-151-7 (PDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-151-7 To access the full list of books, please click here

Upcoming Conference 8th International Conference on Flood Management (ICFM8) (The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA, 17–19 August 2020)

"Thanks to your efforts to bring in two women for campus interviews, you now have approval to hire the old white guy." - @ass_deans

CRS InFocus Report: 'Fire and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon'

Another great two-pager from CRS: Fire and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon by Pervaze A. Sheikh, Peter J. Meyer, Kezee Procita, and Katie Hoover.

Download CRS_InFocus_Fire_Deforest_Amazon_9Sept2019

Introduction
Media coverage of fires in the Brazilian Amazon forest is widespread. According to stakeholders, this media coverage is largely due to an increase in fire events and deforestation rates in the region this year compared to the past years, as well as statements made by Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro indicating his intent to pursue development in the region. 

The Amazon forest (Amazon) extends through several countries in South America, including Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia, with approximately 62% of the Amazon located in Brazil (Figure 1). The Amazon is estimated to contain one-half of all global terrestrial carbon in tropical forests and consists of approximately 40% of all remaining tropical rainforests, according to scientific studies. The fate of the Amazon is a concern for many because of the biodiversity it hosts, its role in the global carbon cycle, and its effect on regional climate. Some scientists claim that 20%-25% deforestation in the Amazon can cause it to shift to a nonforest ecosystem, exacerbating the concerns above. 

Be sure to read the entire brief.

Enjoy!

"Deus ajuda quem cedo madruga." - Brazilian proverb ('He who wants everything loses everything.')