WaterWired

Predicting a River's Flow: 'The Physics of River Prediction' by Sean Fleming & Hoshin Gupta

The current (July 2020, volume 73 issue 7) issue of Physics Today is features Predicting a River's Flow.

By the way, I might add that the magazine is offering free online access to its archives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Visit PT's website to see how to take advantage of this offer. Pretty generous of them.

Back to river physics. Sean W. Fleming, the first author (with Hoshin V. Gupta) on the article The Physics of River Prediction brought the issue to my attenetion and sent me a PDF of their paper which is a concise but wide-ranging treatment of the topic I found quite stimulating. It also conjured visions of my early years of  graduate school in hydrology and my dissertation that dealt in part with linear and nonlinear reservoirs...Still getting cited, BTW.  

Download Prediction_River_Flows__Fleming_PT_July2020  

The cover photo of a Hoover Dam intake tower is by Sean.

Here are the first few paragraphs:

Rivers support life and fuel civilization. They provide water for drinking, irrigate food crops, and help build everything from cars to computers. Their waters drive hydroelectric turbines that generate clean energy. Rivers have even supported nuclear physics developments that changed the course of a war: The hydroelectric complexes of the Columbia Basin Project and the Tennessee Valley Authority enabled energy-intensive uranium and plutonium refinement for the Manhattan Project.

Rivers have always been crucial transportation pathways. The exploration, settlement, and economic development of the Americas depended acutely on river navigation. The Danube serves as a trade route in Europe, much as it did for the Romans 2000 years ago, and today it carries commercial freight across the continent.

 

Rivers also provide homes for precious ecosystems. They house fisheries, facilitate recreation, and bring in tourism dollars. That’s not to mention their tremendous cultural value: American literature wouldn’t be the same without Mark Twain’s recollections of his experiences as a Mississippi riverboat pilot.

 

Rivers can also kill. Floods are the most devastating natural force in the US, and at times they have been architects of history. In 1948, the Columbia River flooded and wiped out the progressive Portland suburb of Vanport, Oregon. Fifteen people died, and the destruction permanently changed the area’s racial dynamics. The flood also motivated the US and Canada to negotiate the Columbia River Treaty, intended in part to support flood control efforts. Droughts are subtler than floods but are considered more damaging globally.

 

Although the water wars predicted in 1995 by then World Bank vice president Ismail Serageldin are unlikely to materialize, competition over scarce water resources has occasionally led to violence. For example, Israeli and Syrian forces skirmished in the mid 1960s over water resources in the Jordan River basin.

 

Predicting variability and long-term changes in river flows, like those shown in figure 1, is crucial for optimally managing water resources and sidestepping danger. Such hydrologic forecasts are made on a range of time scales and for many purposes. Flood prediction is done hours to days ahead of an event and is used to make emergency management decisions. Seasonal water supply forecasts are needed months in advance to inform the vast water and power management infrastructure in the mostly dry western US. For long-term assessment of the effects of land use and climate change, planning happens over decades or even generations. Successful prognostication depends on a cross-disciplinary set of quantitative modeling approaches.

 

 

One section really brought back memories of an approach we studied in the late Gene Simpson's Hydrology 280 class that was a quantitative introduction to hydrology. Was it ever!

Box 2 schooled me on something that wasn't around much when I was in grad school.

The last two paragraphs:

Several directions for future work are apparent. Predictive skill needs to improve in difficult environments like deserts, alpine watersheds, and dense cities. Renewed attention should be paid to complex systems science, a field that has attracted great interest in statistical mechanics, ecology, and sociophysics. River networks are a classic example of fractal geometry, and chaos theory limits weather’s predictability to an approximately two-week theoretical window. In general, neither of those modern mathematical concepts appears explicitly in river-prediction models; a complex systems approach could incorporate them.

Continuing to capitalize on the data revolution will drive progress in hydrology. Developing novel data types, discovering predictive climatic information, and exploring new analytical directions to support environmental monitoring and prediction all offer opportunities for growth. Substantial forward movement on those fronts will be crucial to managing rivers and water resources in an increasingly uncertain future.

About the authors. Sean Fleming is an applied R&D technical lead at the US Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Conservation Service in Portland, Oregon, and an affiliate faculty member at Oregon State University in Corvallis and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. Hoshin Gupta is a Regents’ professor in the department of hydrology and atmospheric sciences at the University of Arizona in Tucson.

My next cohort of physical hydrology students will get this to read.

A gem!

Enjoy!

"The deed is everything, the glory is naught." - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

CRS Report: 'Reclamation Water Storage Projects - Section 4007 of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act'

Charles V. Stern authored this 2-pager InFocus CRS Report (Updated 2 July 2020): 'Reclamation Water Storage Projects - Section 4007 of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act'.

Download CRS_InFocus_USBR_Section4007_WIINAct_2July2020

From the report (click on the graphic to enlarge it. Figure 2 is from yesterday's post and is a USBR storage project):

Section 4007 of the W ater Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act (WIIN Act; P.L. 114-322) created a new authority for the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation, part of the Department of the Interior) to build water storage projects in the western UnitedStates. From FY2017 to FY2020, Congress appropriated $469 million for these projects, and Reclamation has allocated a portion of these funds to progress on a number of water storage projects in its service area.

Background
In the early and mid-20th century, Reclamation built hundreds of large dams and water diversion structures throughout the West. Traditionally, Reclamation’s role in water project development has been limited to geographically specific projects authorized in federal statute. Typically the federal government, through discretionary appropriations to Reclamation, hasprovided full, up-front funding for the construction costs of these facilities.Project beneficiaries, which are irrigators, municipal water suppliers, and hydropower contractors, repay their portion of project construction or development costs over a 40-50 year term. The amount recouped by the federalgovernment typically depends on several factors, including the portion of project benefits that are non-reimbursable because they are considered federal in nature (e.g.,fish and wildlife enhancements, flood control, recreation), as well as adjustments for irrigators’ ability to pay. Additionally, irrigation beneficiaries are not charged interest on their repayment obligations. As a result, the total amount repaid to the federal government for these projects is typically less than the fullcost of construction.

Enjoy!

"Good news! We are now providing child care for faculty. Meaning faculty provide care in their own homes and we deduct child care from their pay for their time away for work."- @ass_deans

CRS Report: 'Central Valley Project: Issues and Legislation' Updated: 2 July 2020

Happy Fourth of July!

It's B-A-A-A-C-K!

This CRS Central Valley Report report get updated frequently; the last time was 20 May 2020. Not much has changed sine then, I suspect.

So, once again here are Charles V. Stern Pervaze A. Sheikh (updated: 2 July 2020) : 'Central Valley Project: Issues and Legislation'.

Download CRS_Report_CVP_Issues_Legislation_2July2020

Here we go (click on the graphics to enlarge them):

Introduction
The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), part of the Department of the Interior (DOI), operates the multipurpose federal Central Valley Project (CVP) in California, one of the world’s largest water storage and conveyance systems. The CVP runs approximately 400 miles in California, from Redding to Bakersfield (Figure 1). It supplies water to hundreds of thousands of acres of irrigated agriculture throughout the state, including some of the most valuable cropland in the country. It also provides water to selected state and federal wildlife refuges, as well as to some municipal and industrial (M&I) water users. The CVP’s operations are coordinated with the state’s other largest water supply project, the state-operated State Water Project (SWP).

This report provides information on hydrologic conditions in California and their impact on state and federal water management, with a focus on deliveries related to the federal CVP. It also summarizes selected issues for Congress related to the CVP.

Recent Developments
The drought of 2012-2016, widely considered to be among California’s most severe droughts in recent history, resulted in major reductions to CVP contractor allocations and economic and environmental impacts throughout the state.1 These impacts were of interest to Congress, which oversees federal operation of the CVP. Although the drought ended with the wet winter of 2017, many of the water supply controversies associated with the CVP predated those water shortages and remain unresolved. Absent major changes to existing hydrologic, legislative, and regulatory baselines, most agree that at least some water users are likely to face ongoing constraints to their water supplies. Due to the limited water supplies available, proposed changes to the current operations and allocation system are controversial.

As a result of the scarcity of water in the West and the importance of federal water infrastructure to the region, western water issues are regularly of interest to many law makers. Legislation enacted in the 114th Congress (Title II of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation [WIIN] Act; P.L. 114-322) included several CVP-related sections.2 These provisions directed pumping to “maximize” water supplies for the CVP (including pumping or “exports” to CVP water users south of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers’ confluence with the San Francisco Bay, known as the Bay-Delta or Delta) in accordance with applicable biological opinions (BiOps) for project operations.3 They also allowed for increased pumping during certain storm events generating high flows, authorized actions to facilitate water transfers, and established a new standard for measuring the effects of water operations on species. In addition to operational provisions, the WIIN Act authorized funding for construction of new federal and nonfederal water storage projects. CVP projects are among the most likely recipients of this funding.

Due to increased precipitation and disagreements with the state, among other factors, the WIIN Act’s operational authorities generally did not yield significant new water exports south of the Delta in 2017-2019. However, Reclamation received funding for WIIN Act-authorized water storage project design and construction in FY2017-FY2020, and the majority of this funding has gone to CVP-related projects.

CVP and SWP water allocations for 2020 were once again reduced due to extremely limited precipitation in the winter months. Separate state and federal plans under the Clean Water Act and Endangered Species Act, respectively, would alter water allocation and operational criteria in markedly different ways and have generated controversy. In mid-2018, the State of California proposed revisions to its Bay-Delta Water Quality Control Plan (developed pursuant to the Clean Water Act [CWA; 33 U.S.C. §§1251-138]). These changes would require that more flows from the San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers reach the California Bay-Delta for water quality and fish and wildlife enhancement (and would thus further reduce water supplies for CVP and SWP users). Separately, in February 2020, the Trump Administration finalized an operational plan to increase water supplies for users and issued a new biological opinion under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 87 Stat. 884, 16 U.S.C. §§1531-1544) that reflects these changes. Both plans are the subject of ongoing litigation.

Cutting to the chase: 

Concluding Observations
The CVP is one of the largest and most complex water storage and conveyance projects in the world. Congress has regularly expressed interest in CVP operations and allocations, in particular pumping in the Bay-Delta. In addition to ongoing oversight of project operations and previously enacted authorities, a number of developing issues and proposals related to the CVP have been of interest to congressional decisionmakers. These include study and approval of new water storage and conveyance projects, updates to the state’s Bay-Delta Water Quality Plan, and a multipronged effort by the Trump Administration to make available more water for CVP water contractors, in particular those south of the Delta. Future drought or other stressors on California water supplies are likely to further magnify these issues.

I never tire of the CVP. It's one of the world's great wicked water problems.

Enjoy!

"Freedom's just another word for nothing left to lose." - Kris Kristofferson

Water, Volume 12, Issue 5 (May 2020): Policy, Management and Governance; Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Hydraulics; Wastewater Treatment & Reuse; Ecosystems; Water Scarcity; and More!

Water, Volume 12, Issue 5 (May 2020)

Click here if you cannot access the articles on WaterWired.

Article: Sea-Level Rise and Shoreline Changes Along an Open Sandy Coast: Case Study of Gulf of Taranto, Italy

Giovanni Scardino, François Sabatier, Giovanni Scicchitano, Arcangelo Piscitelli, Maurilio Milella, Antonio Vecchio, Marco Anzidei and Giuseppe Mastronuzzi

Water 2020, 12(5), 1414; doi:10.3390/w12051414

A sequence of geological events has led to the present position of the global sea-level and the related configuration of the coasts. However, ongoing climate change is producing rapid modifications in the environment with drastic consequences on the coastal areas. Such consequences are connected to sea-level rise, impact extreme marine events, and uncontrolled anthropogenic activities that together could produce significant coastal changes in the future. Precisely for these reasons, the development of new technologies is becoming useful for multidisciplinary studies and surveys of coastal environments, aimed at its management as the coasts represent one of the greatest residential and economic nodes on a global scale.

Featured Papers Review: Towards the Implementation of Circular Economy in the Wastewater Sector: Challenges and Opportunities Sonia Guerra-Rodríguez, Paula Oulego, Encarnación Rodríguez, Devendra Narain Singh and Jorge Rodríguez-Chueca Water 2020, 12(5), 1431; doi:10.3390/w12051431 Review: Life Cycle of Oil and Gas Fields in the Mississippi River Delta: A Review John W. Day, H. C. Clark, Chandong Chang, Rachael Hunter and Charles R. Norman Water 2020, 12(5), 1492; doi:10.3390/w12051492 Article: Evaluation of Common Supermarket Products as Positive Controls in Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) Tests Konrad Koch, Sasha D. Hafner, Sergi Astals and Sören Weinrich Water 2020, 12(5), 1223; doi:10.3390/w12051223 Article: A Forty-Year Karstic Critical Zone Survey (Baget Catchment, Pyrenees-France): Lithologic and Hydroclimatic Controls on Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variations of Stream Water Chemical Composition, pCO2, and Carbonate Equilibrium Francesco Ulloa-Cedamanos, Jean-Luc Probst, Stephane Binet, Thierry Camboulive, Virginie Payre-Suc, Corinne Pautot, Michel Bakalowicz, Sandra Beranger and Anne Probst Water 2020, 12(5), 1227; doi:10.3390/w12051227 Article: Studying the Wake of an Island in a Macro-Tidal Estuary Bin Guo, Reza Ahmadian, Paul Evans and Roger A. Falconer Water 2020, 12(5), 1225; doi:10.3390/w12051225 Article: Risk and Resilience: A Case of Perception versus Reality in Flood Management Nirupama Agrawal, Mark Elliott and Slobodan P Simonovic Water 2020, 12(5), 1254; doi:10.3390/w12051254 Article: Addressing Pluvial Flash Flooding through Community-Based Collaborative Research in Tijuana, Mexico Kristen A. Goodrich, Victoria Basolo, David L. Feldman, Richard A. Matthew, Jochen E. Schubert, Adam Luke, Ana Eguiarte, Dani Boudreau, Kimberly Serrano, Abigail S. Reyes, Santina Contreras, Douglas Houston, Wing Cheung, Amir AghaKouchak and Brett F. Sanders Water 2020, 12(5), 1257; doi:10.3390/w12051257 Article: Electrodialytic Hydrogen Production and Critical Raw Materials Recovery from Secondary Resources Joana Almeida, Cátia Magro, Eduardo P. Mateus and Alexandra B. Ribeiro Water 2020, 12(5), 1262; doi:10.3390/w12051262 Article: Consistent Boundary Conditions for Age Calculations Eric Deleersnijder, Insaf Draoui, Jonathan Lambrechts, Vincent Legat and Anne Mouchet Water 2020, 12(5), 1274; doi:10.3390/w12051274 Article: An Experimental Setup to Investigate Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in Variable Aperture Channels Alessandro Lenci and Luca Chiapponi Water 2020, 12(5), 1284; doi:10.3390/w12051284 Article: Assessing the Water-Stress Baselines by Thermal Imaging for Irrigation Management in Almond Plantations under Water Scarcity Conditions Saray Gutiérrez-Gordillo, Iván Francisco García-Tejero, Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo, Amelia García Escalera, Fernando Ferrera Gil, José Juan Amores-Agüera, Belén Cárceles Rodríguez and Virginia Hernández-Santana Water 2020, 12(5), 1298; doi:10.3390/w12051298 Article: Effect of Temperature on the Size of Sedimentary Remains of Littoral Chydorids János L. Korponai, Csilla Kövér, Charo López-Blanco, István Gyulai, László Forró, Ana Katalinic, Mirva Ketola, Liisa Nevalainen, Tomi P. Luoto, Kaarina Sarmaja-Korjonen, Enikő K. Magyari, Jan Weckström, István Urák, Edit Vadkerti and Krisztina Buczkó Water 2020, 12(5), 1309; doi:10.3390/w12051309 Article: Pressure Regulation vs. Water Aging in Water Distribution Networks Menelaos Patelis, Vasilis Kanakoudis and Anastasia Kravvari Water 2020, 12(5), 1323; doi:10.3390/w12051323 Article: Farmer Cooperation in Participatory Irrigation in South Asia: Insights from Game Theory Simon Hone, Lin Crase, Michael Burton, Bethany Cooper, Vasant P. Gandhi, Muhammad Ashfaq, Bakhshal Lashari and Bashir Ahmad Water 2020, 12(5), 1329; doi:10.3390/w12051329 Article: Comparison of Local and Global Optimization Methods for Calibration of a 3D Morphodynamic Model of a Curved Channel Vahid Shoarinezhad, Silke Wieprecht and Stefan Haun Water 2020, 12(5), 1333; doi:10.3390/w12051333 Article: The Effect of Feed Composition on the Structure of Zooplankton Communities in Fishponds Flórián Tóth, Katalin Zsuga, Éva Kerepeczki, László Berzi-Nagy, Zsuzsanna Jakabné Sándor and László Körmöczi Water 2020, 12(5), 1338; doi:10.3390/w12051338 Article: The Effect of Unsteady Water Discharge through Dams of Hydroelectric Power Plants on Hydrodynamic Regimes of the Upper Pools of Waterworks Tatyana Lyubimova, Yanina Parshakova, Anatoly Lepikhin, Yury Lyakhin and Alexey Tiunov Water 2020, 12(5), 1336; doi:10.3390/w12051336 Article: Changes in Hydromorphological Conditions in an Endorheic Lake Influenced by Climate and Increasing Water Consumption, and Potential Effects on Water Quality Danuta Szumińska, Sebastian Czapiewski and Jacek Goszczyński Water 2020, 12(5), 1348; doi:10.3390/w12051348 Article: Historical Changes in the Ecological Connectivity of the Seine River for Fish: A Focus on Physical and Chemical Barriers Since the Mid-19th Century Céline Le Pichon, Laurence Lestel, Emeric Courson, Marie-Line Merg, Evelyne Tales and Jérôme Belliard Water 2020, 12(5), 1352; doi:10.3390/w12051352 Article: Contamination of Surface Water and River Sediments by Antibiotic and Antiretroviral Drug Cocktails in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Occurrence, Risk and Mitigation Strategies Pius Kairigo, Elijah Ngumba, Lotta-Riina Sundberg, Anthony Gachanja and Tuula Tuhkanen Water 2020, 12(5), 1376; doi:10.3390/w12051376 Article: Spatial Variability of Beach Impact from Post-Tropical Cyclone Katia (2011) on Northern Ireland’s North Coast Giorgio Anfuso, Carlos Loureiro, Mohammed Taaouati, Thomas Smyth and Derek Jackson Water 2020, 12(5), 1380; doi:10.3390/w12051380 Article: A New Thioalkalivibrio sp. Strain Isolated from Petroleum-Contaminated Brackish Estuary Sediments: A New Candidate for Bio-Based Application for Sulfide Oxidation in Halo-Alkaline Conditions Simone Becarelli, Salvatore La China, Alla Lapidus, Andrey Prijibelski, Dmitrii Polev, Giulio Petroni and Simona Di Gregorio Water 2020, 12(5), 1385; doi:10.3390/w12051385 Article: Evaluation of Uncertainty Intervals for Daily, Statistically Derived Streamflow Estimates at Ungaged Basins across the Continental U.S. Sara B. Levin and William H. Farmer Water 2020, 12(5), 1390; doi:10.3390/w12051390 Article: Coastal Vulnerability Assessment along the North-Eastern Sector of Gozo Island (Malta, Mediterranean Sea) Angela Rizzo, Vittoria Vandelli, George Buhagiar, Anton S. Micallef and Mauro Soldati Water 2020, 12(5), 1405; doi:10.3390/w12051405 Article: Experimental Analysis of Velocity Distribution in a Coarse-Grained Debris Flow: A Modified Bagnold’s Equation Donatella Termini and Antonio Fichera Water 2020, 12(5), 1415; doi:10.3390/w12051415 Article: Remote-Sensing-Based Water Balance for Monitoring of Evapotranspiration and Water Stress of a Mediterranean Oak–Grass Savanna Elisabet Carpintero, Ana Andreu, Pedro J. Gómez-Giráldez, Ángel Blázquez and María P. González-Dugo Water 2020, 12(5), 1418; doi:10.3390/w12051418 Article: Developing THMs’ Predictive Models in Two Water Supply Systems in Greece Stavroula Tsitsifli and Vasilis Kanakoudis Water 2020, 12(5), 1422; doi:10.3390/w12051422 Article: The Effect of Habitat Structure Boulder Spacing on Near-Bed Shear Stress and Turbulent Events in a Gravel Bed Channel Amir Golpira, Fengbin Huang and Abul B.M. Baki Water 2020, 12(5), 1423; doi:10.3390/w12051423 Article: Tsunami Propagation and Flooding in Sicilian Coastal Areas by Means of a Weakly Dispersive Boussinesq Model Carlo Lo Re, Giorgio Manno and Giuseppe Ciraolo Water 2020, 12(5), 1448; doi:10.3390/w12051448 Article: Quantification and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Greywater Discharged to the Environment Seema Porob, Hillary A. Craddock, Yair Motro, Orly Sagi, Michael Gdalevich, Zubaida Ezery, Nadav Davidovitch, Zeev Ronen and Jacob Moran-Gilad Water 2020, 12(5), 1460; doi:10.3390/w12051460 Article: Dissolution-Desorption Dynamics of Strontium During Elution Following Evaporation: pH and Ionic Strength Effects William C. Weaver, Tohren C. G. Kibbey and Charalambos Papelis Water 2020, 12(5), 1461; doi:10.3390/w12051461 Article: The First Video Witness of Coastal Boulder Displacements Recorded during the Impact of Medicane “Zorbas” on Southeastern Sicily Giovanni Scicchitano, Giovanni Scardino, Sebastiano Tarascio, Carmelo Monaco, Giovanni Barracane, Giuseppe Locuratolo, Maurilio Milella, Arcangelo Piscitelli, Gianfranco Mazza and Giuseppe Mastronuzzi Water 2020, 12(5), 1497; doi:10.3390/w12051497 Article: Springs and Springs-Dependent Taxa of the Colorado River Basin, Southwestern North America: Geography, Ecology and Human Impacts Lawrence E. Stevens, Jeffrey Jenness and Jeri D. Ledbetter Water 2020, 12(5), 1501; doi:10.3390/w12051501 Communication: Experimental Investigation of Erosion Characteristics of Fine-Grained Cohesive Sediments Bommanna Gounder Krishnappan, Mike Stone, Steven J. Granger, Hari Ram Upadhayay, Qiang Tang, Yusheng Zhang and Adrian L. Collins Water 2020, 12(5), 1511; doi:10.3390/w12051511 Perspective: Aquatic Microplastic Research—A Critique and Suggestions for the Future Judith S. Weis Water 2020, 12(5), 1475; doi:10.3390/w12051475 General Article: Implementing a Statewide Deficit Analysis for Inland Surface Waters According to the Water Framework Directive—An Exemplary Application on Phosphorus Pollution in Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany) Phuong Ta, Björn Tetzlaff, Michael Trepel and Frank Wendland Water 2020, 12(5), 1365; doi:10.3390/w12051365 Article: Health Evaluation and Risk Factor Identification of Urban Lakes—A Case Study of Lianshi Lake Wei Su, Jiapeng Wu, Bei Zhu, Kaiqi Chen, Wenqi Peng and Baoyue Hu Water 2020, 12(5), 1428; doi:10.3390/w12051428 Article: Do Land Use Changes Balance out Sediment Yields under Climate Change Predictions on the Sub-Basin Scale? The Carpathian Basin as an Example Paulina Orlińska-Woźniak, Ewa Szalińska and Paweł Wilk Water 2020, 12(5), 1499; doi:10.3390/w12051499 Editorial: 10th Anniversary of Water Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts Water 2020, 12(5), 1366; doi:10.3390/w12051366 Water Resources Management, Policy and Governance Review: Responsible Water Reuse Needs an Interdisciplinary Approach to Balance Risks and Benefits Milou M. L. Dingemans, Patrick W. M. H. Smeets, Gertjan Medema, Jos Frijns, Klaasjan J. Raat, Annemarie P. van Wezel and Ruud P. Bartholomeus Water 2020, 12(5), 1264; doi:10.3390/w12051264 Review: The Water Framework Directive and Agricultural Diffuse Pollution: Fighting a Running Battle? Mark Wiering, Daan Boezeman and Ann Crabbé Water 2020, 12(5), 1447; doi:10.3390/w12051447 Article: Environmental Land Use Conflicts in a Macroscale River Basin: A Preliminary Study Based on the Ruggedness Number Janaína Guidolini, Jean Ometto, Gustavo Arcoverde and Angélica Giarolla Water 2020, 12(5), 1222; doi:10.3390/w12051222 Article: Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Escherichia coli, Suspended Particulate Matter and Land Use Practice Relationships in a Mixed-Land Use Contemporary Watershed Fritz Petersen and Jason A. Hubbart Water 2020, 12(5), 1228; doi:10.3390/w12051228 Article: Aeroelastic Performance Analysis of Wind Turbine in the Wake with a New Elastic Actuator Line Model Ziying Yu, Zhenhong Hu, Xing Zheng, Qingwei Ma and Hongbin Hao Water 2020, 12(5), 1233; doi:10.3390/w12051233 Article: The Wicked Problem the Water Framework Directive Cannot Solve. The Governance Approach in Dealing with Pollution of Nutrients in Surface Water in the Netherlands, Flanders, Lower Saxony, Denmark and Ireland Mark Wiering, Duncan Liefferink, Daan Boezeman, Maria Kaufmann, Ann Crabbé and Nanda Kurstjens Water 2020, 12(5), 1240; doi:10.3390/w12051240 Article: Comparing Activation Functions in Modeling Shoreline Variation Using Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network Je-Chian Chen and Yu-Min Wang Water 2020, 12(5), 1281; doi:10.3390/w12051281 Article: Comprehensive Analysis of Coordination Relationship between Water Resources Environment and High-Quality Economic Development in Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River Hua Zhu, Jinsheng Zhu and Qiang Zou Water 2020, 12(5), 1301; doi:10.3390/w12051301 Article: Evaluating Impacts of Irrigation and Drought on River, Groundwater and a Terminal Wetland in the Zayanderud Basin, Iran Nizar Abou Zaki, Ali Torabi Haghighi, Pekka M. Rossi, Mohammad J. Tourian, Alireza Bakhshaee and Bjørn Kløve Water 2020, 12(5), 1302; doi:10.3390/w12051302 Article: Developing a Risk-Based Consensus-Based Decision-Support System Model for Selection of the Desirable Urban Water Strategy: Kashafroud Watershed Study Reza Javidi Sabbaghian and A. Pouyan Nejadhashemi Water 2020, 12(5), 1305; doi:10.3390/w12051305 Article: Impacts of Filled Check Dams with Different Deployment Strategies on the Flood and Sediment Transport Processes in a Loess Plateau Catchment Honglei Tang, Hailong Pan and Qihua Ran Water 2020, 12(5), 1319; doi:10.3390/w12051319 Article: Influence of Flood Waves, Production Wells, and Precipitation on Shallow Groundwater Using a Linear Regression Model Approach Based on a Case Study of Mohács Island, Hungary András Hervai, Éva Farics, István Sisák, Gábor Farkas, János Kovács and Dénes Lóczy Water 2020, 12(5), 1359; doi:10.3390/w12051359 Article: Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Precipitation Frequency in Texas Using High-Resolution Radar Products Dawit Ghebreyesus and Hatim O. Sharif Water 2020, 12(5), 1378; doi:10.3390/w12051378 Article: Socio-Hydrological Modelling: The Influence of Reservoir Management and Societal Responses on Flood Impacts Cinzia Albertini, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Vincenzo Totaro, Vito Iacobellis and Giuliano Di Baldassarre Water 2020, 12(5), 1384; doi:10.3390/w12051384 Article: Pharmaceuticals Load in the Svihov Water Reservoir (Czech Republic) and Impacts on Quality of Treated Drinking Water Josef V. Datel and Anna Hrabankova Water 2020, 12(5), 1387; doi:10.3390/w12051387 Article: Uncertainty Assessment of Urban Hydrological Modelling from a Multiple Objective Perspective Bo Pang, Shulan Shi, Gang Zhao, Rong Shi, Dingzhi Peng and Zhongfan Zhu Water 2020, 12(5), 1393; doi:10.3390/w12051393 Article: A New Parallel Framework of SPH-SWE for Dam Break Simulation Based on OpenMP Yushuai Wu, Lirong Tian, Matteo Rubinato, Shenglong Gu, Teng Yu, Zhongliang Xu, Peng Cao, Xuhao Wang and Qinxia Zhao Water 2020, 12(5), 1395; doi:10.3390/w12051395 Article: A GIS Approach to Analyzing the Spatial Pattern of Baseline Resilience Indicators for Community (BRIC) Chien-Hao Sung and Shyue-Cherng Liaw Water 2020, 12(5), 1401; doi:10.3390/w12051401 Article: Sensitivity of Hydrangea paniculata Plants to Residual Herbicides in Recycled Irrigation Varies with Plant Growth Stage Shital Poudyal, James S. Owen, R. Thomas Fernandez and Bert Cregg Water 2020, 12(5), 1402; doi:10.3390/w12051402 Article: An Assessment of Hydropeaking Metrics of a Large-Sized Hydropower Plant Operating in a Lowland River, Lithuania Linas Šilinis, Petras Punys, Algirdas Radzevičius, Egidijus Kasiulis, Antanas Dumbrauskas and Linas Jurevičius Water 2020, 12(5), 1404; doi:10.3390/w12051404 Article: System Dynamics Modeling for Supporting Drought-Oriented Management of the Jucar River System, Spain Adria Rubio-Martin, Manuel Pulido-Velazquez, Hector Macian-Sorribes and Alberto Garcia-Prats Water 2020, 12(5), 1407; doi:10.3390/w12051407 Article: Modelling the Vegetation Response to Climate Changes in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin Using Random Forest Kaige Chi, Bo Pang, Lizhuang Cui, Dingzhi Peng, Zhongfan Zhu, Gang Zhao and Shulan Shi Water 2020, 12(5), 1433; doi:10.3390/w12051433 Article: Fuzzy-Probabilistic Model for a Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contamination: Application to an Urban Zone in the City of Belém, Pará, Brazil Érico Gaspar Lisboa, Ronaldo Lopes Rodrigues Mendes, Manuel Maria Pacheco Figueiredo and Leonardo Augusto Lobato Bello Water 2020, 12(5), 1437; doi:10.3390/w12051437 Article: A Zero-Liquid Discharge Model for a Transient Solar-Powered Desalination System for Greenhouse Mohammad Akrami, Alaa H. Salah, Mahdieh Dibaj, Maxime Porcheron, Akbar A. Javadi, Raziyeh Farmani, Hassan E. S. Fath and Abdelazim Negm Water 2020, 12(5), 1440; doi:10.3390/w12051440 Article: Individual Water-Saving Response Based on Complex Adaptive System Theory: Case Study of Beijing City, China Hanqing Liu, Yong Zhao, Haihong Li, Lizhen Wang and Qingming Wang Water 2020, 12(5), 1478; doi:10.3390/w12051478 Water Use and Scarcity Review: Irrigation of World Agricultural Lands: Evolution through the Millennia Andreas N. Angelakιs, Daniele Zaccaria, Jens Krasilnikoff, Miquel Salgot, Mohamed Bazza, Paolo Roccaro, Blanca Jimenez, Arun Kumar, Wang Yinghua, Alper Baba, Jessica Anne Harrison, Andrea Garduno-Jimenez and Elias Fereres Water 2020, 12(5), 1285; doi:10.3390/w12051285 Article: Wetting Body Characteristics and Infiltration Model of Film Hole Irrigation Fei-long Jie, Liang-jun Fei, Yun Zhong, Li-hua Liu and Shou-xuan Kang Water 2020, 12(5), 1226; doi:10.3390/w12051226 Article: The Dynamic Yield Response Factor of Alfalfa Improves the Accuracy of Dual Crop Coefficient Approach under Water and Salt Stress Yanzhe Hu, Shaozhong Kang, Risheng Ding, Taisheng Du, Ling Tong and Sien Li Water 2020, 12(5), 1224; doi:10.3390/w12051224 Article: Decision-Making Tools to Manage the Microbiology of Drinking Water Distribution Systems Silvia Carpitella, Gonzalo Del Olmo, Joaquín Izquierdo, Stewart Husband, Joby Boxall and Isabel Douterelo Water 2020, 12(5), 1247; doi:10.3390/w12051247 Article: Tap Water, Bottled Water or In-Home Water Treatment Systems: Insights on Household Perceptions and Choices Hug March, Xavier Garcia, Elena Domene and David Sauri Water 2020, 12(5), 1310; doi:10.3390/w12051310 Article: Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Subirrigated Containerized Tomato Ariel Méndez-Cifuentes, Luis Alonso Valdez-Aguilar, Martín Cadena-Zapata, José Antonio González-Fuentes, José Alfredo Hernández-Maruri and Daniela Alvarado-Camarillo Water 2020, 12(5), 1313; doi:10.3390/w12051313 Article: The Effect of Sedimentin Yellow River on Hydraulic Characteristics of Spray Sprinkler Yisheng Zhang, Jinjun Guo and Huiliang Wang Water 2020, 12(5), 1349; doi:10.3390/w12051349 Article: From Building Dams to Fetching Water: Scales of Politicization in the Indus Basin Abdul Aijaz and Majed Akhter Water 2020, 12(5), 1351; doi:10.3390/w12051351 Article: Intermittent Water Supply Management, Household Adaptation, and Drinking Water Quality: A Comparative Study in Two Chinese Provinces Hongxing Li, Alasdair Cohen, Zheng Li, Shibo Lv, Zuan He, Li Wang and Xinyi Zhang Water 2020, 12(5), 1361; doi:10.3390/w12051361 Article: Water Resources Management Strategies for Irrigated Agriculture in the Indus Basin of Pakistan Muhammad Muzammil, Azlan Zahid and Lutz Breuer Water 2020, 12(5), 1429; doi:10.3390/w12051429 Article: Evaluation of Thirty-Eight Models of Drippers Using Reclaimed Water: Effect on Distribution Uniformity and Emitter Clogging Rafael Baeza and Juana I. Contreras Water 2020, 12(5), 1463; doi:10.3390/w12051463 Correction: Correction: Maykot, J.K. and Ghisi, E. Assessment of A Rainwater Harvesting System in A Multi-Storey Residential Building in Brazil. Water 2020, 12, 546 Jéssica Kuntz Maykot and Enedir Ghisi Water 2020, 12(5), 1482; doi:10.3390/w12051482 Perspective: Why Technologies Often Fail to Scale: Policy and Market Failures behind Limited Scaling of Alternate Wetting and Drying in Rice in Bangladesh Sushil Pandey, Sudhir Yadav, Jon Hellin, Jean Balié, Humnath Bhandari, Arvind Kumar and Manoranjan K. Mondal Water 2020, 12(5), 1510; doi:10.3390/w12051510 Hydrology and Hydrogeology Article: Effect of Rainfall, Runoff and Infiltration Processes on the Stability of Footslopes Hung-En Chen, Yen-Yu Chiu, Tung-Lin Tsai and Jinn-Chuang Yang Water 2020, 12(5), 1229; doi:10.3390/w12051229 Article: Time-Lapse Seismic and Electrical Monitoring of the Vadose Zone during a Controlled Infiltration Experiment at the Ploemeur Hydrological Observatory, France Lara A. Blazevic, Ludovic Bodet, Sylvain Pasquet, Niklas Linde, Damien Jougnot and Laurent Longuevergne Water 2020, 12(5), 1230; doi:10.3390/w12051230 Article: Laser Diffraction as An Innovative Alternative to Standard Pipette Method for Determination of Soil Texture Classes in Central Europe Dušan Igaz, Elena Aydin, Miroslava Šinkovičová, Vladimír Šimanský, Andrej Tall and Ján Horák Water 2020, 12(5), 1232; doi:10.3390/w12051232 Article: Response of LUCC on Runoff Generation Process in Middle Yellow River Basin: The Gushanchuan Basin Caihong Hu, Li Zhang, Qiang Wu, Shan-e-hyder Soomro and Shengqi Jian Water 2020, 12(5), 1237; doi:10.3390/w12051237 Article: Using GRanD Database and Surface Water Data to Constrain Area–Storage Curve of Reservoirs Mengfei Mu, Qiuhong Tang, Songjun Han, Xiaomang Liu and Huijuan Cui Water 2020, 12(5), 1242; doi:10.3390/w12051242 Article: Web-Based Tool for the Development of Intensity Duration Frequency Curves under Changing Climate at Gauged and Ungauged Locations Andre Schardong, Slobodan P. Simonovic, Abhishek Gaur and Dan Sandink Water 2020, 12(5), 1243; doi:10.3390/w12051243 Article: Variability of Trends in Precipitation across the Amazon River Basin Determined from the CHIRPS Precipitation Product and from Station Records Victor Hugo da Motta Paca, Gonzalo E. Espinoza-Dávalos, Daniel Medeiros Moreira and Georges Comair Water 2020, 12(5), 1244; doi:10.3390/w12051244 Article: River Channel Forms in Relation to Bank Steepness: A Theoretical Investigation Using a Variational Analytical Method Jinsheng Fan, Heqing Huang, Guoan Yu and Teng Su Water 2020, 12(5), 1250; doi:10.3390/w12051250 Article: In-Situ Monitoring and Characteristic Analysis of Freezing-Thawing Cycles in a Deep Vadose Zone Ce Zheng, Yudong Lu, Xiuhua Liu, Jiří Šimůnek, Yijian Zeng, Changchun Shi and Huanhuan Li Water 2020, 12(5), 1261; doi:10.3390/w12051261 Article: Response of Drainage Water Quality to Fertilizer Applications on a Switchgrass Intercropped Coastal Pine Forest Augustine Muwamba, Devendra M. Amatya, George M. Chescheir, Jamie E. Nettles, Timothy Appelboom, Ernest W. Tollner, Hebert Ssegane, Mohamed A. Youssef, Francois Birgand and Timothy Callahan Water 2020, 12(5), 1265; doi:10.3390/w12051265 Article: Hydrologic Validation of MERGE Precipitation Products over Anthropogenic Watersheds Felício Cassalho, Camilo Daleles Rennó, João Bosco Coura dos Reis and Benedito Cláudio da Silva Water 2020, 12(5), 1268; doi:10.3390/w12051268 Article: Modelling Flood-Induced Wetland Connectivity and Impacts of Climate Change and Dam Fazlul Karim, Steve Marvanek, Linda E. Merrin, Daryl Nielsen, Justin Hughes, Danial Stratford and Carmel Pollino Water 2020, 12(5), 1278; doi:10.3390/w12051278 Article: Evaluation of a Distributed Streamflow Forecast Model at Multiple Watershed Scales Tyler Madsen, Kristie Franz and Terri Hogue Water 2020, 12(5), 1279; doi:10.3390/w12051279 Article: Runoff Changes from Urumqi Glacier No. 1 over the Past 60 Years, Eastern Tianshan, Central Asia Yufeng Jia, Zhongqin Li, Shuang Jin, Chunhai Xu, Haijun Deng and Mingjun Zhang Water 2020, 12(5), 1286; doi:10.3390/w12051286 Article: The Impact of Permafrost Degradation on Lake Changes in the Endorheic Basin on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Wenhui Liu, Changwei Xie, Wu Wang, Guiqian Yang, Yuxin Zhang, Tonghua Wu, Guangyue Liu, Qiangqiang Pang, Defu Zou and Hairui Liu Water 2020, 12(5), 1287; doi:10.3390/w12051287 Article: Evaluation of Snowmelt Estimation Techniques for Enhanced Spring Peak Flow Prediction Jetal Agnihotri and Paulin Coulibaly Water 2020, 12(5), 1290; doi:10.3390/w12051290 Article: A Coupled Hydrologic–Hydraulic Model (XAJ–HiPIMS) for Flood Simulation Yueling Wang and Xiaoliu Yang Water 2020, 12(5), 1288; doi:10.3390/w12051288 Article: Sources of Salinization of Groundwater in the Lower Yarmouk Gorge, East of the River Jordan Peter Möller, Marco De Lucia, Eliahu Rosenthal, Nimrod Inbar, Elias Salameh, Fabien Magri and Christian Siebert Water 2020, 12(5), 1291; doi:10.3390/w12051291 Article: Evaluation of Satellite-Derived Soil Moisture in Qinghai Province Based on Triple Collocation Hongchun Zhu, Zhilin Zhang and Aifeng Lv Water 2020, 12(5), 1292; doi:10.3390/w12051292 Article: Assessing Impact of Climate Change on Hydrology of Melka Kuntrie Subbasin, Ethiopia with Ar4 and Ar5 Projections Yitea Seneshaw Getahun, Ming-Hsu Li and Pei-Yuan Chen Water 2020, 12(5), 1308; doi:10.3390/w12051308 Article: Importance of the Influence of Drained Clay Soil Retention Properties on Flood Risk Reduction Daniel Szejba Water 2020, 12(5), 1315; doi:10.3390/w12051315 Article: Detecting Patterns of Changes in River Water Temperature in Poland Renata Graf and Dariusz Wrzesiński Water 2020, 12(5), 1327; doi:10.3390/w12051327 Article: An Improved SCS-CN Method Incorporating Slope, Soil Moisture, and Storm Duration Factors for Runoff Prediction Wenhai Shi and Ni Wang Water 2020, 12(5), 1335; doi:10.3390/w12051335 Article: Improved Landsat-Based Water and Snow Indices for Extracting Lake and Snow Cover/Glacier in the Tibetan Plateau Dajiang Yan, Chang Huang, Ning Ma and Yinsheng Zhang Water 2020, 12(5), 1339; doi:10.3390/w12051339 Article: Changes in the Water Temperature of Rivers Impacted by the Urban Heat Island: Case Study of Suceava City Andrei-Emil Briciu, Dumitru Mihăilă, Adrian Graur, Dinu Iulian Oprea, Alin Prisăcariu and Petruţ Ionel Bistricean Water 2020, 12(5), 1343; doi:10.3390/w12051343 Article: The Impact of Reforestation Induced Land Cover Change (1990–2017) on Flood Peak Discharge Using HEC-HMS Hydrological Model and Satellite Observations: A Study in Two Mountain Basins, China Crispin Kabeja, Rui Li, Jianping Guo, Digne Edmond Rwabuhungu Rwatangabo, Marc Manyifika, Zongting Gao, Yipu Wang and Yuxiang Zhang Water 2020, 12(5), 1347; doi:10.3390/w12051347 Article: Geomorphic Effects of a Dammed Pleistocene Lake Formed by Landslides along the Upper Yellow River Xiaohua Guo, Jiuchuan Wei, Yudong Lu, Zhaojun Song and Huimin Liu Water 2020, 12(5), 1350; doi:10.3390/w12051350 Article: Machine Learning Methods for Improved Understanding of a Pumping Test in Heterogeneous Aquifers Yong Fan, Litang Hu, Hongliang Wang and Xin Liu Water 2020, 12(5), 1342; doi:10.3390/w12051342 Article: Impacts of River Engineering on River Channel Behaviour: Implications for Managing Downstream Flood Risk George Heritage and Neil Entwistle Water 2020, 12(5), 1355; doi:10.3390/w12051355 Article: Global Warming Impacts on Severe Drought Characteristics in Asia Monsoon Region Jeong-Bae Kim, Jae-Min So and Deg-Hyo Bae Water 2020, 12(5), 1360; doi:10.3390/w12051360 Article: Recharge Estimation Using CMB and Environmental Isotopes in the Verlorenvlei Estuarine System, South Africa and Implications for Groundwater Sustainability in a Semi-Arid Agricultural Region Andrew Watson, Anya Eilers and Jodie A. Miller Water 2020, 12(5), 1362; doi:10.3390/w12051362 Article: Simulating Reservoir Induced Lhasa Streamflow Variability Using ArcSWAT Muhammad Yasir, Tiesong Hu and Samreen Abdul Hakeem Water 2020, 12(5), 1370; doi:10.3390/w12051370 Article: Exploring Spatiotemporal Relations between Soil Moisture, Precipitation, and Streamflow for a Large Set of Watersheds Using Google Earth Engine Nazmus Sazib, John Bolten and Iliana Mladenova Water 2020, 12(5), 1371; doi:10.3390/w12051371 Article: Role of Cluster Validity Indices in Delineation of Precipitation Regions Nikhil Bhatia, Jency M. Sojan, Slobodon Simonovic and Roshan Srivastav Water 2020, 12(5), 1372; doi:10.3390/w12051372 Article: A Multi-Scale Mapping Approach Based on a Deep Learning CNN Model for Reconstructing High-Resolution Urban DEMs Ling Jiang, Yang Hu, Xilin Xia, Qiuhua Liang, Andrea Soltoggio and Syed Rezwan Kabir Water 2020, 12(5), 1369; doi:10.3390/w12051369 Article: Characterization of Aquifer Hydrochemistry from the Operation of a Shallow Geothermal System Hanna Choi, Jaeyeon Kim, Byoung Ohan Shim and Dong-hun Kim Water 2020, 12(5), 1377; doi:10.3390/w12051377 Article: Using SCS-CN and Earth Observation for the Comparative Assessment of the Hydrological Effect of Gradual and Abrupt Spatiotemporal Land Cover Changes Emmanouil Psomiadis, Konstantinos X. Soulis and Nikolaos Efthimiou Water 2020, 12(5), 1386; doi:10.3390/w12051386 Article: Validating Dynamically Downscaled Climate Projections for Mountainous Watersheds Using Historical Runoff Data Coupled with the Distributed Hydrologic Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) Mohammad M. Hasan, Courtenay Strong, Adam K. Kochanski, Steven J. Burian and Michael E. Barber Water 2020, 12(5), 1389; doi:10.3390/w12051389 Article: Induced Polarization as a Proxy for CO2-Rich Groundwater Detection—Evidences from the Ardennes, South-East of Belgium Agathe Defourny, Frédéric Nguyen, Arnaud Collignon, Patrick Jobé, Alain Dassargues and Thomas Kremer Water 2020, 12(5), 1394; doi:10.3390/w12051394 Article: Selection of Hydrological Probability Distributions for Extreme Rainfall Events in the Regions of Colombia Óscar E. Coronado-Hernández, Ernesto Merlano-Sabalza, Zaid Díaz-Vergara and Jairo R. Coronado-Hernández Water 2020, 12(5), 1397; doi:10.3390/w12051397 Article: Seasonally Variant Stable Isotope Baseline Characterisation of Malawi’s Shire River Basin to Support Integrated Water Resources Management Limbikani C. Banda, Michael O. Rivett, Robert M. Kalin, Anold S. K. Zavison, Peaches Phiri, Geoffrey Chavula, Charles Kapachika, Sydney Kamtukule, Christina Fraser and Muthi Nhlema Water 2020, 12(5), 1410; doi:10.3390/w12051410 Article: Accurate Evaluation of Sea Surface Temperature Cooling Induced by Typhoons Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Observations Jiagen Li, Liang Sun, Yuanjian Yang and Hao Cheng Water 2020, 12(5), 1413; doi:10.3390/w12051413 Article: Detection and Attribution of Runoff Reduction of Weihe River over Different Periods during 1961–2016 Shuai Yang, Tingting Kang, Jingyi Bu, Jiahao Chen, Zhipeng Wang and Yanchun Gao Water 2020, 12(5), 1416; doi:10.3390/w12051416 Article: Comparison of Methods for Imputing Non-Wetting Storm Surge to Improve Hazard Characterization Matthew P. Shisler and David R. Johnson Water 2020, 12(5), 1420; doi:10.3390/w12051420 Article: Simulation of the Potential Impacts of Projected Climate Change on Streamflow in the Vakhsh River Basin in Central Asia under CMIP5 RCP Scenarios Aminjon Gulakhmadov, Xi Chen, Nekruz Gulahmadov, Tie Liu, Muhammad Naveed Anjum and Muhammad Rizwan Water 2020, 12(5), 1426; doi:10.3390/w12051426 Article: Hydrogeochemical Characterization of a Warm Spring System in a Carbonate Mountain Range of the Eastern Julian Alps, Slovenia Luka Serianz, Nina Rman and Mihael Brenčič Water 2020, 12(5), 1427; doi:10.3390/w12051427 Article: Mapping Paleohydrology of the Ephemeral Kuiseb River, Namibia, from Radar Remote Sensing Philippe Paillou, Sylvia Lopez, Eugene Marais and Klaus Scipal Water 2020, 12(5), 1441; doi:10.3390/w12051441 Article: Hydrochemical Characteristic of Groundwater and Its Impact on Crop Yields in the Baojixia Irrigation Area, China Wenwen Feng, Hui Qian, Panpan Xu and Kai Hou Water 2020, 12(5), 1443; doi:10.3390/w12051443 Article: Determination of Empirical Rainfall Thresholds for Shallow Landslides in Slovenia Using an Automatic Tool Galena Jordanova, Stefano Luigi Gariano, Massimo Melillo, Silvia Peruccacci, Maria Teresa Brunetti and Mateja Jemec Auflič Water 2020, 12(5), 1449; doi:10.3390/w12051449 Article: Possibility of Using Selected Rainfall-Runoff Models for Determining the Design Hydrograph in Mountainous Catchments: A Case Study in Poland Dariusz Młyński, Andrzej Wałęga, Leszek Książek, Jacek Florek and Andrea Petroselli Water 2020, 12(5), 1450; doi:10.3390/w12051450 Article: Analysis of Streamflow Variability and Trends in the Meta River, Colombia Marco Arrieta-Castro, Adriana Donado-Rodríguez, Guillermo J. Acuña, Fausto A. Canales, Ramesh S. V. Teegavarapu and Bartosz Kaźmierczak Water 2020, 12(5), 1451; doi:10.3390/w12051451 Article: Evaluation of Long-Term Impacts of CO2 Leakage on Groundwater Quality Using Hydrochemical Data from a Natural Analogue Site in South Korea Hyun-Kwon Do, Seong-Taek Yun, Soonyoung Yu, Yon-Gyung Ryuh and Hyeon-Su Choi Water 2020, 12(5), 1457; doi:10.3390/w12051457 Article: Integrated Hydrologic and Hydrodynamic Models to Improve Flood Simulation Capability in the Data-Scarce Three Gorges Reservoir Region Yulong Zhang, Jianzhong Zhou and Chengwei Lu Water 2020, 12(5), 1462; doi:10.3390/w12051462 Article: Detecting Pattern Anomalies in Hydrological Time Series with Weighted Probabilistic Suffix Trees Yufeng Yu, Dingsheng Wan, Qun Zhao and Huan Liu Water 2020, 12(5), 1464; doi:10.3390/w12051464 Article: Using Isotopes (H, O, and Sr) and Major Ions to Identify Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in the Hongjiannao Lake Basin, Northwest China Chu Wu, Xiong Wu, Wenping Mu and Ge Zhu Water 2020, 12(5), 1467; doi:10.3390/w12051467 Article: Heavy Precipitation Systems in Calabria Region (Southern Italy): High-Resolution Observed Rainfall and Large-Scale Atmospheric Pattern Analysis Aldo Greco, Davide Luciano De Luca and Elenio Avolio Water 2020, 12(5), 1468; doi:10.3390/w12051468 Article: A Pragmatic Slope-Adjusted Curve Number Model to Reduce Uncertainty in Predicting Flood Runoff from Steep Watersheds Muhammad Ajmal, Muhammad Waseem, Dongwook Kim and Tae-Woong Kim Water 2020, 12(5), 1469; doi:10.3390/w12051469 Article: Changes in Water Surface Area of the Lake in the Steppe Region of Mongolia: A Case Study of Ugii Nuur Lake, Central Mongolia Erdenesukh Sumiya, Batsuren Dorjsuren, Denghua Yan, Sandelger Dorligjav, Hao Wang, Altanbold Enkhbold, Baisha Weng, Tianlin Qin, Kun Wang, Tuvshin Gerelmaa, Oyunbaatar Dambaravjaa, Wuxia Bi, Yuheng Yang, Byambabayar Ganbold, Mohammed Gedefaw, Asaminew Abiyu and Abel Girma Water 2020, 12(5), 1470; doi:10.3390/w12051470 Article: Flood Risk Evaluation in Ungauged Coastal Areas: The Case Study of Ippocampo (Southern Italy) Ciro Apollonio, Maria Francesca Bruno, Gabriele Iemmolo, Matteo Gianluca Molfetta and Roberta Pellicani Water 2020, 12(5), 1466; doi:10.3390/w12051466 Article: Accelerating Contaminant Transport Simulation in MT3DMS Using JASMIN-Based Parallel Computing Xingwei Liu, Qiulan Zhang and Tangpei Cheng Water 2020, 12(5), 1480; doi:10.3390/w12051480 Article: Coupled Microbiological–Isotopic Approach for Studying Hydrodynamics in Deep Reservoirs: The Case of the Val d’Agri Oilfield (Southern Italy) Pietro Rizzo, Antonio Bucci, Anna Maria Sanangelantoni, Paola Iacumin and Fulvio Celico Water 2020, 12(5), 1483; doi:10.3390/w12051483 Article: Real Time Flow Forecasting in a Mountain River Catchment Using Conceptual Models with Simple Error Correction Scheme Nicolás Montes, José Ángel Aranda and Rafael García-Bartual Water 2020, 12(5), 1484; doi:10.3390/w12051484 Article: Sentinel-2 Application to the Surface Characterization of Small Water Bodies in Wetlands Jesús Pena-Regueiro, Maria-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet, Javier Estornell and Jesús Antonio Aguilar-Maldonado Water 2020, 12(5), 1487; doi:10.3390/w12051487 Article: Application of Soft Computing Models with Input Vectors of Snow Cover Area in Addition to Hydro-Climatic Data to Predict the Sediment Loads Waqas Ul Hussan, Muhammad Khurram Shahzad, Frank Seidel and Franz Nestmann Water 2020, 12(5), 1481; doi:10.3390/w12051481 Article: A New Method for Rapid Measurement of Canal Water Table Depth Using Airborne LiDAR, with Application to Drained Peatlands in Indonesia Ronald Vernimmen, Aljosja Hooijer, Dedi Mulyadi, Iwan Setiawan, Maarten Pronk and Angga T. Yuherdha Water 2020, 12(5), 1486; doi:10.3390/w12051486 Article: Automated Location Detection of Retention and Detention Basins for Water Management Sonja Teschemacher, Daniel Bittner and Markus Disse Water 2020, 12(5), 1491; doi:10.3390/w12051491 Article: Evaluation of Radar-Gauge Merging Techniques to Be Used in Operational Flood Forecasting in Urban Watersheds Dayal Wijayarathne, Paulin Coulibaly, Sudesh Boodoo and David Sills Water 2020, 12(5), 1494; doi:10.3390/w12051494 Article: Spatiotemporal Water Yield Variations and Influencing Factors in the Lhasa River Basin, Tibetan Plateau Huiting Lu, Yan Yan, Jieyuan Zhu, Tiantian Jin, Guohua Liu, Gang Wu, Lindsay C. Stringer and Martin Dallimer Water 2020, 12(5), 1498; doi:10.3390/w12051498 Article: Comparative Analysis of Recurrent Neural Network Architectures for Reservoir Inflow Forecasting Halit Apaydin, Hajar Feizi, Mohammad Taghi Sattari, Muslume Sevba Colak, Shahaboddin Shamshirband and Kwok-Wing Chau Water 2020, 12(5), 1500; doi:10.3390/w12051500 Article: Glacier Changes and Their Linkage to the Climate-Topographic Context in the Borohoro Mountains, Tian Shan 1977–2018 Yanan Li Water 2020, 12(5), 1502; doi:10.3390/w12051502 Article: Integration of Microwave and Optical/Infrared Derived Datasets from Multi-Satellite Products for Drought Monitoring Zhengdong Wang, Peng Guo, Hong Wan, Fuyou Tian and Linjiang Wang Water 2020, 12(5), 1504; doi:10.3390/w12051504 Article: Utility of Artificial Neural Networks in Modeling Pan Evaporation in Hyper-Arid Climates Abdullah A. Alsumaiei Water 2020, 12(5), 1508; doi:10.3390/w12051508 Editorial: Hydroclimatic Variability at Local, Regional and Global Scales Scott Curtis Water 2020, 12(5), 1490; doi:10.3390/w12051490 Concept Paper: An Integrative Information Aqueduct to Close the Gaps between Satellite Observation of Water Cycle and Local Sustainable Management of Water Resources Zhongbo Su, Yijian Zeng, Nunzio Romano, Salvatore Manfreda, Félix Francés, Eyal Ben Dor, Brigitta Szabó, Giulia Vico, Paolo Nasta, Ruodan Zhuang, Nicolas Francos, János Mészáros, Silvano Fortunato Dal Sasso, Maoya Bassiouni, Lijie Zhang, Donald Tendayi Rwasoka, Bas Retsios, Lianyu Yu, Megan Leigh Blatchford and Chris Mannaerts Water 2020, 12(5), 1495; doi:10.3390/w12051495 Case Report: Optimized Pumping Strategy for Reducing the Spatial Extent of Saltwater Intrusion along the Coast of Wadi Ham, UAE Modou A. Sowe, Sadhasivam Sathish, Nicolas Greggio and Mohamed M. Mohamed Water 2020, 12(5), 1503; doi:10.3390/w12051503 Urban Water Management Review: Framework, Procedure, and Tools for Comprehensive Evaluation of Sustainable Stormwater Management: A Review Tiange Wu, Haihong Song, Jianbin Wang and Eran Friedler Water 2020, 12(5), 1231; doi:10.3390/w12051231 Article: Suppress Numerical Oscillations in Transient Mixed Flow Simulations with a Modified HLL Solver Zhonghao Mao, Guanghua Guan and Zhonghua Yang Water 2020, 12(5), 1245; doi:10.3390/w12051245 Article: An Integrated Hydraulic and Hydrologic Modeling Approach for Roadside Bio-Retention Facilities James Li, Seyed Alinaghian, Darko Joksimovic and Lianghao Chen Water 2020, 12(5), 1248; doi:10.3390/w12051248 Article: A Self-Contained and Automated Method for Flood Hazard Maps Prediction in Urban Areas Marco Sinagra, Carmelo Nasello, Tullio Tucciarelli, Silvia Barbetta, Christian Massari and Tommaso Moramarco Water 2020, 12(5), 1266; doi:10.3390/w12051266 Article: Rethinking Stormwater: Analysis Using the Hydrosocial Cycle Matthew Wilfong and Mitchell Pavao-Zuckerman Water 2020, 12(5), 1273; doi:10.3390/w12051273 Article: The Effect of Climate Change and Urbanization on the Demand for Low Impact Development for Three Canadian Cities Sarah Kaykhosravi, Usman T. Khan and Mojgan A. Jadidi Water 2020, 12(5), 1280; doi:10.3390/w12051280 Article: Complex Networks Theory for Evaluating Scaling Laws and WDS Vulnerability for Potential Contamination Events Matteo Nicolini Water 2020, 12(5), 1296; doi:10.3390/w12051296 Article: Assessing Water Security in Water-Scarce Cities: Applying the Integrated Urban Water Security Index (IUWSI) in Madaba, Jordan Hassan Tolba Aboelnga, Hazim El-Naser, Lars Ribbe and Franz-Bernd Frechen Water 2020, 12(5), 1299; doi:10.3390/w12051299 Article: How to Account for the Human Motion to Improve Flood Risk Assessment in Urban Areas Gabriele Bernardini and Enrico Quagliarini Water 2020, 12(5), 1316; doi:10.3390/w12051316 Article: Adaptive Variations of Sediment Microbial Communities and Indication of Fecal-Associated Bacteria to Nutrients in a Regulated Urban River Xiaofeng Cao, Yajun Wang, Yan Xu, Gaoqi Duan, Miansong Huang and Jianfeng Peng Water 2020, 12(5), 1344; doi:10.3390/w12051344 Article: Sand Content Prediction in Urban WWTPs Using MARS Vanesa Mateo Pérez, José Manuel Mesa Fernández, Francisco Ortega Fernández and Henar Morán Palacios Water 2020, 12(5), 1357; doi:10.3390/w12051357 Article: A Two-Stage LP-NLP Methodology for the Least-Cost Design and Operation of Water Distribution Systems Mengning Qiu, Mashor Housh and Avi Ostfeld Water 2020, 12(5), 1364; doi:10.3390/w12051364 Article: Analysis of a Large Maintenance Journal of the Sewer Networks of Three Apulian Provinces in Southern Italy Gabriella Balacco, Vito Iacobellis, Francesca Portincasa, Emilio Ragno, Vincenzo Totaro and Alberto Ferruccio Piccinni Water 2020, 12(5), 1417; doi:10.3390/w12051417 Article: Calibration Procedure for Water Distribution Systems: Comparison among Hydraulic Models Ariele Zanfei, Andrea Menapace, Simone Santopietro and Maurizio Righetti Water 2020, 12(5), 1421; doi:10.3390/w12051421 Article: Expert Opinion Valuation Method to Quantify Digital Water Metering Benefits Ian Monks, Rodney A. Stewart, Oz Sahin, Robert Keller and Samantha Low Choy Water 2020, 12(5), 1436; doi:10.3390/w12051436 Article: Laboratory Assessment of Water Permeability Loss of Geotextiles Due to Their Installation in Pervious Pavements Carmen García-Casuso, Pablo Lapeña-Mañero, Elena Blanco-Fernández, Ángel Vega-Zamanillo and José Miguel Montenegro-Cooper Water 2020, 12(5), 1473; doi:10.3390/w12051473 Article: Attitude and Actual Behaviour towards Water-Related Green Infrastructures and Sustainable Drainage Systems in Four North-Western Mediterranean Regions of Italy and France Simone Maria Piacentini and Rudy Rossetto Water 2020, 12(5), 1474; doi:10.3390/w12051474 Article: Revisiting the Comparison of Public and Private Water Service Provision: An Empirical Study in Portugal Rui Cunha Marques and Pedro Simões Water 2020, 12(5), 1477; doi:10.3390/w12051477 Editorial: Green Infrastructures for Urban Water System: Balance between Cities and Nature Robert Sitzenfrei, Manfred Kleidorfer, Peter M. Bach and Taneha Kuzniecow Bacchin Water 2020, 12(5), 1456; doi:10.3390/w12051456 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Review: The Influence of Design and Operational Factors on the Removal of Personal Care Products by Constructed Wetlands Huma Ilyas and Eric D. van Hullebusch Water 2020, 12(5), 1367; doi:10.3390/w12051367 Review: Insight on Extraction and Characterisation of Biopolymers as the Green Coagulants for Microalgae Harvesting Teik-Hun Ang, Kunlanan Kiatkittipong, Worapon Kiatkittipong, Siong-Chin Chua, Jun Wei Lim, Pau-Loke Show, Mohammed J. K. Bashir and Yeek-Chia Ho Water 2020, 12(5), 1388; doi:10.3390/w12051388 Review: Granulation of Drinking Water Treatment Residues: Recent Advances and Prospects Baiming Ren, Yaqian Zhao, Bin Ji, Ting Wei and Cheng Shen Water 2020, 12(5), 1400; doi:10.3390/w12051400 Review: Organic Fouling in Forward Osmosis: A Comprehensive Review Sudesh Yadav, Ibrar Ibrar, Salam Bakly, Daoud Khanafer, Ali Altaee, V. C. Padmanaban, Akshaya Kumar Samal and Alaa H. Hawari Water 2020, 12(5), 1505; doi:10.3390/w12051505 Article: Magnetic Sorbent for the Removal of Selenium(IV) from Simulated Industrial Wastewaters: Determination of Column Kinetic Parameters Andrew Ying, Samuel F. Evans, Costas Tsouris and M. Parans Paranthaman Water 2020, 12(5), 1234; doi:10.3390/w12051234 Article: Development of Decay in Biofilms under Starvation Conditions—Rethinking of the Biomass Model Michael Cramer and Jens Tränckner Water 2020, 12(5), 1249; doi:10.3390/w12051249 Article: Sewage Sludge Thermal Treatment Technology Selection by Utilizing the Analytical Hierarchy Process Dinko Đurđević, Maja Trstenjak and Ivona Hulenić Water 2020, 12(5), 1255; doi:10.3390/w12051255 Article: Application of Composite Pre-Polymerized Coagulants for the Treatment of High-Strength Industrial Wastewaters Athanasia K. Tolkou and Anastasios I. Zouboulis Water 2020, 12(5), 1258; doi:10.3390/w12051258 Article: Treatment of Winery Wastewater with a Multistage Constructed Wetland System for Irrigation Reuse Mirco Milani, Simona Consoli, Alessia Marzo, Alessandra Pino, Cinzia Randazzo, Salvatore Barbagallo and Giuseppe Luigi Cirelli Water 2020, 12(5), 1260; doi:10.3390/w12051260 Article: Use of Chemically Treated Human Hair Wastes for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water Helan Zhang, Fernando Carrillo-Navarrete, Montserrat López-Mesas and Cristina Palet Water 2020, 12(5), 1263; doi:10.3390/w12051263 Article: Integrating Life-Cycle Perspectives and Spatial Dimensions of Sewage Sludge Mono-Incineration David Wagner, Georg Neugebauer, Florian Kretschmer and Gernot Stoeglehner Water 2020, 12(5), 1267; doi:10.3390/w12051267 Article: Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration to Remove Nickel Ions: A Response Surface Method and Artificial Neural Network Optimization Weiyun Lin, Liang Jing and Baiyu Zhang Water 2020, 12(5), 1269; doi:10.3390/w12051269 Article: Capacity of Two Ornamental Species (Iris sibirica and Zantedeschia aethiopica) to Take up, Translocate, and Accumulate Carbamazepine under Hydroponic Conditions Allan Tejeda and Florentina Zurita Water 2020, 12(5), 1272; doi:10.3390/w12051272 Article: Wastewater Reclamation in Major Jordanian Industries: A Viable Component of a Circular Economy Motasem N. Saidan, Mohammad Al-Addous, Radwan A. Al-Weshah, Ibrahim Obada, Malek Alkasrawi and Nesrine Barbana Water 2020, 12(5), 1276; doi:10.3390/w12051276 Article: Greenhouse Crop Residue and Its Derived Biochar: Potential as Adsorbent of Cobalt from Aqueous Solutions Irene Iáñez-Rodríguez, Mónica Calero, Gabriel Blázquez and María Ángeles Martín-Lara Water 2020, 12(5), 1282; doi:10.3390/w12051282 Article: Impact of Nanoscale Magnetite and Zero Valent Iron on the Batch-Wise Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Waste-Activated Sludge Ghada Kassab, Dima Khater, Fadwa Odeh, Khaldoun Shatanawi, Maha Halalsheh, Mazen Arafah and Jules B. van Lier Water 2020, 12(5), 1283; doi:10.3390/w12051283 Article: Treatment of Textile Wastewater by CAS, MBR, and MBBR: A Comparative Study from Technical, Economic, and Environmental Perspectives Xuefei Yang, Víctor López-Grimau, Mercedes Vilaseca and Martí Crespi Water 2020, 12(5), 1306; doi:10.3390/w12051306 Article: Enhancement of the Activity of Electrochemical Oxidation of BPS by Nd-Doped PbO2Electrodes: Performance and Mechanism Yan Zhang, Zhili Ni and Jie Yao Water 2020, 12(5), 1317; doi:10.3390/w12051317 Article: Adsorptive of Nickel in Wastewater by Olive Stone Waste: Optimization through Multi-Response Surface Methodology Using Desirability Functions Marina Corral Bobadilla, Rubén Lostado Lorza, Fátima Somovilla Gómez and Rubén Escribano García Water 2020, 12(5), 1320; doi:10.3390/w12051320 Article: Impact of Storage Conditions on the Methanogenic Activity of Anaerobic Digestion Inocula Sergi Astals, Konrad Koch, Sören Weinrich, Sasha D. Hafner, Stephan Tait and Miriam Peces Water 2020, 12(5), 1321; doi:10.3390/w12051321 Article: Nitrogen Removal Ability and Characteristics of the Laboratory-Scale Tidal Flow Constructed Wetlands for Treating Ammonium-Nitrogen Contaminated Groundwater Amit Kumar Maharjan, Kazuhiro Mori and Tadashi Toyama Water 2020, 12(5), 1326; doi:10.3390/w12051326 Article: Cryptosporidium Oocysts Removal by Upflow Direct Filtration: Pilot Scale Assessment Marcely Ferreira Nascimento, Yovanka Pérez Ginoris and Cristina Celia Silveira Brandão Water 2020, 12(5), 1328; doi:10.3390/w12051328 Article: Modeling Improved Performance of Reduced-Height Biosand Water Filter Designs James A. Phillips and Samuel J. Smidt Water 2020, 12(5), 1337; doi:10.3390/w12051337 Article: Heliconia stricta Huber Behavior on Hybrid Constructed Wetlands Fed with Synthetic Domestic Wastewater Cristina E. Almeida-Naranjo, Gabriela Guachamín, Víctor H. Guerrero and Cristina-Alejandra Villamar Water 2020, 12(5), 1373; doi:10.3390/w12051373 Article: Chromium Removal from Tannery Wastewater by Electrocoagulation: Optimization and Sludge Characterization Nahid M. Genawi, Mohamed H. Ibrahim, Muftah H. El-Naas and Awad E. Alshaik Water 2020, 12(5), 1374; doi:10.3390/w12051374 Article: Impacts of Chosen Parameters on Fe-Dependent Nitrate Reduction in Anammox Consortia: Performance and Bioactivity Zhen Bi, Yong Huang, Wenjing Zhang and Ge Song Water 2020, 12(5), 1379; doi:10.3390/w12051379 Article: Removal of Phosphate Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Leftover Coal Dereje Tadesse Mekonnen, Esayas Alemayehu and Bernd Lennartz Water 2020, 12(5), 1381; doi:10.3390/w12051381 Article: Evaluation of TiO2 and SnO Supported on Graphene Oxide (TiO2-GO and SnO-GO) Photocatalysts for Treatment of Hospital Wastewater Laura Rosero Parra, Lizeth Guerrero Pantoja, Natali Lorena Mena, Fiderman Machuca-Martínez and Julian Urresta Water 2020, 12(5), 1438; doi:10.3390/w12051438 Article: Towards the Removal of Antibiotics Detected in Wastewaters in the POCTEFA Territory: Occurrence and TiO2 Photocatalytic Pilot-Scale Plant Performance Samuel Moles, Rosa Mosteo, Jairo Gómez, Joanna Szpunar, Sebastiano Gozzo, Juan R. Castillo and María P. Ormad Water 2020, 12(5), 1453; doi:10.3390/w12051453 Article: Towards a Predictive Model for Initial Chlorine Dose in Humanitarian Emergencies Hongjian Wu and Caetano C. Dorea Water 2020, 12(5), 1506; doi:10.3390/w12051506 Correction: Correction: Usman, M., et al. Performance Evaluation of Small Sized Powdered Ferric Hydroxide as Arsenic Adsorbent. Water 2018, 10, 957 Muhammad Usman, Ioannis Katsoyiannis, Manassis Mitrakas, Anastasios Zouboulis and Mathias Ernst Water 2020, 12(5), 1430; doi:10.3390/w12051430 Editorial: Water Treatment with New Nanomaterials Shahin Homaeigohar Water 2020, 12(5), 1507; doi:10.3390/w12051507 Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics Review: Potential Fields in Fluid Mechanics: A Review of Two Classical Approaches and Related Recent Advances Markus Scholle, Florian Marner and Philip H. Gaskell Water 2020, 12(5), 1241; doi:10.3390/w12051241 Review: Identifying Capabilities and Potentials of System Dynamics in Hydrology and Water Resources as a Promising Modeling Approach for Water Management Ahmed F. Mashaly and Alexander G. Fernald Water 2020, 12(5), 1432; doi:10.3390/w12051432 Article: Study on the Transport of Terrestrial Dissolved Substances in the Pearl River Estuary Using Passive Tracers Bo Hong, Guangyu Wang, Hongzhou Xu and Dongxiao Wang Water 2020, 12(5), 1235; doi:10.3390/w12051235 Article: Wind Effects on the Water Age in a Large Shallow Lake Sien Liu, Qinghua Ye, Shiqiang Wu and Marcel J. F. Stive Water 2020, 12(5), 1246; doi:10.3390/w12051246 Article: Energy Dissipation of Type a Piano Key Weirs Kam R. Eslinger and Brian M. Crookston Water 2020, 12(5), 1253; doi:10.3390/w12051253 Article: Improvement of Non-Hydrostatic Hydrodynamic Solution Using a Novel Free-Surface Boundary Condition Augusto Hugo Farias Cunha, Carlos Ruberto Fragoso, Cayo Lopes Bezerra Chalegre and David Motta-Marques Water 2020, 12(5), 1271; doi:10.3390/w12051271 Article: Condition for the Incipient Motion of Non-Cohesive Particles Due to Laminar Flows of Power-Law Fluids in Closed Conduits Aldo Tamburrino and Cristóbal Traslaviña Water 2020, 12(5), 1295; doi:10.3390/w12051295 Article: An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Based Decision-Making Method for River Operation Management: Practice from China Wujuan Zhai, Zhuofu Wang, Jiyong Ding and Xun Liu Water 2020, 12(5), 1322; doi:10.3390/w12051322 Article: Zonation of Positively Buoyant Jets Interacting with the Water-Free Surface Quantified by Physical and Numerical Modelling Javier García-Alba, Javier F. Bárcena and Andrés García Water 2020, 12(5), 1324; doi:10.3390/w12051324 Article: Wave Glider Observations of Surface Waves During Three Tropical Cyclones in the South China Sea Di Tian, Han Zhang, Wenyan Zhang, Feng Zhou, Xiujun Sun, Ying Zhou and Daoxun Ke Water 2020, 12(5), 1331; doi:10.3390/w12051331 Article: Perturbation Solution for Pulsatile Flow of a Non-Newtonian Fluid in a Rock Fracture: A Logarithmic Model Irene Daprà and Giambattista Scarpi Water 2020, 12(5), 1341; doi:10.3390/w12051341 Article: Effect of Plastic Film Residue on Vertical Infiltration Under Different Initial Soil Moisture Contents and Dry Bulk Densities Junhao Cao, Pengpeng Chen, Yupeng Li, Heng Fang, Xiaobo Gu and Yuannong Li Water 2020, 12(5), 1346; doi:10.3390/w12051346 Article: Reducing of Bend Scour by Setting Spurs in a Curved Channel Dong-Sin Shih and Tzu-Yi Lai Water 2020, 12(5), 1353; doi:10.3390/w12051353 Article: Using a PIV Measurement System to Study the Occurrence of Bursting in the Flow Over a Movable Scour Hole Downstream of a Groundsill Cheng-Kai Chang, Jau-Yau Lu, Shi-Yan Lu, Kuo-Ting Hsiao and Dong-Sin Shih Water 2020, 12(5), 1396; doi:10.3390/w12051396 Article: CFD Modelling of Particle-Driven Gravity Currents in Reservoirs Daniel Wildt, Christoph Hauer, Helmut Habersack and Michael Tritthart Water 2020, 12(5), 1403; doi:10.3390/w12051403 Article: Three-Dimensional Wave-Induced Dynamic Response in Anisotropic Poroelastic Seabed Cheng-Jung Hsu and Ching Hung Water 2020, 12(5), 1465; doi:10.3390/w12051465 Article: Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Turbulent Open Channel Flow over a Rough Scour Hole Downstream of a Groundsill Cheng-Kai Chang, Jau-Yau Lu, Shi-Yan Lu, Zhong-Xiang Wang and Dong-Sin Shih Water 2020, 12(5), 1488; doi:10.3390/w12051488 Article: Comparing Internal Flow in Freezing and Evaporating Water Droplets Using PIV Linn Karlsson, Anna-Lena Ljung and T. Staffan Lundström Water 2020, 12(5), 1489; doi:10.3390/w12051489 Article: Study on the Performance Improvement of Axial Flow Pump’s Saddle Zone by Using a Double Inlet Nozzle Weidong Cao and Wei Li Water 2020, 12(5), 1493; doi:10.3390/w12051493 Article: Storm Surges in the Bohai Sea: The Role of Waves and Tides Yuanyi Li, Huan Feng, Guillaume Vigouroux, Dekui Yuan, Guangyu Zhang, Xiaodi Ma and Kun Lei Water 2020, 12(5), 1509; doi:10.3390/w12051509 Aquatic Systems—Quality and Contamination Review: Assessing Groundwater Vulnerability: DRASTIC and DRASTIC-Like Methods: A Review Alina Barbulescu Water 2020, 12(5), 1356; doi:10.3390/w12051356 Article: Using Steel Slag for Dissolved Phosphorus Removal: Insights from a Designed Flow-Through Laboratory Experimental Structure Linhua Wang, Chad Penn, Chi-hua Huang, Stan Livingston and Junhua Yan Water 2020, 12(5), 1236; doi:10.3390/w12051236 Article: Multi-Residue Screening of Pesticides in Aquaculture Waters through Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Q/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Shou-Ying Wang, Essy Kouadio Fodjo, Cong Kong and Hui-Juan Yu Water 2020, 12(5), 1238; doi:10.3390/w12051238 Article: Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Resistance Variability in Water Runoff and Soil from a Remnant Native Prairie, an Improved Pasture, and a Cultivated Agricultural Watershed Maitreyee Mukherjee, Terry Gentry, Heidi Mjelde, John P. Brooks, Daren Harmel, Lucas Gregory and Kevin Wagner Water 2020, 12(5), 1251; doi:10.3390/w12051251 Article: Using Ecological Modelling to Assess the Long-Term Survival of the West-Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus) in the Panama Canal Giselle Muschett and Narkis S. Morales Water 2020, 12(5), 1275; doi:10.3390/w12051275 Article: Spatial Differentiation and Multiannual Dynamics of Water Conductivity in Lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park Magdalena Borowiak, Dariusz Borowiak and Kamil Nowiński Water 2020, 12(5), 1277; doi:10.3390/w12051277 Article: Evaluation of an Inexpensive Handwashing and Water Treatment Program in Rural Health Care Facilities in Three Districts in Tanzania, 2017 William Davis, Khalid Massa, Stephen Kiberiti, Hosea Mnzava, Linda Venczel and Robert Quick Water 2020, 12(5), 1289; doi:10.3390/w12051289 Article: Effects of Distinct Revegetation Methods on Growth and Microbial Properties of Vallisneria natans Ning Wang, Qi Li, Mengqi Jiang, Weizhen Zhang, Hao Zhang, Qixuan Song, Zhongda Hu, Jibiao Zhang and Zheng Zheng Water 2020, 12(5), 1294; doi:10.3390/w12051294 Article: Dynamic Changes of Soil Erosion in the Taohe River Basin Using the RUSLE Model and Google Earth Engine Hao Wang and Hu Zhao Water 2020, 12(5), 1293; doi:10.3390/w12051293 Article: Meteorological Variability and Groundwater Quality: Examples in Different Hydrogeological Settings Manuela Lasagna, Daniela Ducci, Mariangela Sellerino, Susanna Mancini and Domenico Antonio De Luca Water 2020, 12(5), 1297; doi:10.3390/w12051297 Article: The Effects of Sodium Percarbonate Generated Free Oxygen on Daphnia—Implications for the Management of Harmful Algal Blooms Robin Thoo, Waldemar Siuda and Iwona Jasser Water 2020, 12(5), 1304; doi:10.3390/w12051304 Article: Influencing Factors Analysis of Taiwan Eutrophicated Reservoirs Marsha Savira Agatha Putri, Jr-Lin Lin, Lin-Han Chiang Hsieh, Yasmin Zafirah, Gerry Andhikaputra and Yu-Chun Wang Water 2020, 12(5), 1325; doi:10.3390/w12051325 Article: Hydrodynamic Controls of Particulate Metals Partitioning Along the Lower Selenga River—Main Tributary of The Lake Baikal Sergey Chalov, Vsevolod Moreido, Ekaterina Sharapova, Lyudmila Efimova, Vasyli Efimov, Mikhail Lychagin and Nikolay Kasimov Water 2020, 12(5), 1345; doi:10.3390/w12051345 Article: Anthropogenic Impact on Tropical Perennial River in South India: Snapshot of Carbon Dynamics and Bacterial Community Composition Katrin Premke, Gunasekaran Dharanivasan, Kristin Steger, Kai Nils Nitzsche, Vijayan Jayavignesh, Indumathi M Nambi and Sundaram Seshadri Water 2020, 12(5), 1354; doi:10.3390/w12051354 Article: Multisource Groundwater Contamination under Data Scarcity: The Case Study of Six Municipalities in the Proximity of the Naameh Landfill, Lebanon Michele Citton, Sofie Croonenberg, Anwar El Shami, Ghina Chammas, Sammy Kayed, Najat Aoun Saliba, Majdi Abou Najm, Hani Tamim, Salah Zeineldine, Maha Makki, Mohamad Kalot, Issam Lakkis and Mahmoud Al-Hindi Water 2020, 12(5), 1358; doi:10.3390/w12051358 Article: Improved Principal Component-Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment Coupling Model for Urban River Water Quality: A Case Study in Chongqing, China Siyuan Zhao, Jing Chen, Qiu Jin, Huazu Liu, Wei Yang, Wei Li, Jiao Jiang, Yue Sha, Zhenyu Tian, Yixin Wang and Xiaoting Li Water 2020, 12(5), 1375; doi:10.3390/w12051375 Article: Evaluating Spatiotemporal Variations of Groundwater Quality in Northeast Beijing by Self-Organizing Map Jia Li, Zheming Shi, Guangcai Wang and Fei Liu Water 2020, 12(5), 1382; doi:10.3390/w12051382 Article: WASP 8: The Next Generation in the 50-year Evolution of USEPA’s Water Quality Model Tim Wool, Robert B. Ambrose, James L. Martin and Alex Comer Water 2020, 12(5), 1398; doi:10.3390/w12051398 Article: Optimal In-Stream Structure Design through Considering Nitrogen Removal in Hyporheic Zone Suning Liu and Ting Fong May Chui Water 2020, 12(5), 1399; doi:10.3390/w12051399 Article: Modelling the Temporal Dynamics of Groundwater Pollution Risks at the African Scale Issoufou Ouedraogo, Arthur Girard, Marnik Vanclooster and François Jonard Water 2020, 12(5), 1406; doi:10.3390/w12051406 Article: Effects of Consecutive Extreme Weather Events on a Temperate Dystrophic Lake: A Detailed Insight into Physical, Chemical and Biological Responses Maria Calderó-Pascual, Elvira de Eyto, Eleanor Jennings, Mary Dillane, Mikkel René Andersen, Sean Kelly, Harriet Louise Wilson and Valerie McCarthy Water 2020, 12(5), 1411; doi:10.3390/w12051411 Article: Effects of Diversity, Coverage and Biomass of Submerged Macrophytes on Nutrient Concentrations, Water Clarity and Phytoplankton Biomass in Two Restored Shallow Lakes Yiming Gao, Chunyu Yin, Yu Zhao, Zhengwen Liu, Pingping Liu, Wei Zhen, Yaohui Hu, Jinlei Yu, Zhaoxia Wang and Baohua Guan Water 2020, 12(5), 1425; doi:10.3390/w12051425 Article: Hydrochemical Characteristics and Ion Sources of Precipitation in the Upper Reaches of the Shiyang River, China Zhiyuan Zhang, Wenxiong Jia, Guofeng Zhu, Xinggang Ma, Xiuting Xu, Ruifeng Yuan, Yang Shi, Le Yang and Hui Xiong Water 2020, 12(5), 1442; doi:10.3390/w12051442 Article: Effects of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) on Water Quality in Aquatic Ecosystems: An Experimental Mesocosm Study Yehui Huang, Xueying Mei, Lars G. Rudstam, William D. Taylor, Jotaro Urabe, Erik Jeppesen, Zhengwen Liu and Xiufeng Zhang Water 2020, 12(5), 1444; doi:10.3390/w12051444 Article: Differences in the Effects of Storms on Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in Boreal Lakes during an Early Summer Storm and an Autumn Storm Kate A. Warner, Rachel A. Fowler and Jasmine E. Saros Water 2020, 12(5), 1452; doi:10.3390/w12051452 Article: Assessment and Valuation of Groundwater Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Handan City, China Xuyang Yang and Jian Liu Water 2020, 12(5), 1455; doi:10.3390/w12051455 Article: Long-Term Consequences of Water Pumping on the Ecosystem Functioning of Lake Sekšu, Latvia Izabela Zawiska, Inta Dimante-Deimantovica, Tomi P. Luoto, Monika Rzodkiewicz, Saija Saarni, Normunds Stivrins, Wojciech Tylmann, Anna Lanka, Martins Robeznieks and Tom Jilbert Water 2020, 12(5), 1459; doi:10.3390/w12051459 Article: The Effect of Monsoon Rainfall Patterns on Epilithic Diatom Communities in the Hantangang River, Korea In-Hwan Cho, Ha-Kyung Kim, Min-Hyuk Lee, Yong-Jae Kim, Hyuk Lee and Baik-Ho Kim Water 2020, 12(5), 1471; doi:10.3390/w12051471 Article: Modeling Daily and Monthly Water Quality Indicators in a Canal Using a Hybrid Wavelet-Based Support Vector Regression Structure Yuxin Wang, Yuan Yuan, Ye Pan and Zhengqiu Fan Water 2020, 12(5), 1476; doi:10.3390/w12051476 Article: Geochemical Assessment of Potential Sources for Nitrate in the Wasia Aquifer, Al Kharj Area, Central Saudi Arabia Abid Khogali, Peter Birkle, Abdulaziz Al-Shaibani, Martin Keller, Bassam Tawabini and Mohammad Makkawi Water 2020, 12(5), 1479; doi:10.3390/w12051479 Article: Uptake of Sulfate from Ambient Water by Freshwater Animals Michael B. Griffith, James M. Lazorchak and Herman Haring Water 2020, 12(5), 1496; doi:10.3390/w12051496 Article: Assessment of Water Buffer Capacity of Two Morphometrically Different, Degraded, Urban Lakes Jolanta Grochowska Water 2020, 12(5), 1512; doi:10.3390/w12051512 Water, Agriculture and Aquaculture Article: Interannual Variations of Evapotranspiration and Water Use Efficiency over an Oasis Cropland in Arid Regions of North-Western China Haibo Wang, Xin Li and Junlei Tan Water 2020, 12(5), 1239; doi:10.3390/w12051239 Article: Characterizing Nutrient Composition and Concentration in Tomato-, Basil-, and Lettuce-Based Aquaponic and Hydroponic Systems Teng Yang and Hye-Ji Kim Water 2020, 12(5), 1259; doi:10.3390/w12051259 Article: Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Nitrogen with Low-Temperature Glow Plasma Jarosław Chwastowski, Katarzyna Ciesielska, Wojciech Ciesielski, Karen Khachatryan, Henryk Kołoczek, Damian Kulawik, Zdzisław Oszczęda, Piotr Tomasik and Mariusz Witczak Water 2020, 12(5), 1314; doi:10.3390/w12051314 Article: Effects of Waterlogging, Drought and Their Combination on Yield and Water-Use Efficiency of Five Hungarian Winter Wheat Varieties Zsuzsanna Farkas, Emese Varga-László, Angéla Anda, Ottó Veisz and Balázs Varga Water 2020, 12(5), 1318; Posted on Saturday, 30 May 2020 at 12:50 AM in Groundwater and Hydrogeology, Readings, Journals, Videos, Films & Visuals, Water Quantity & Availability, World Water | Permalink | Comments (0) Reblog (0) | | Digg This | Save to del.icio.us | Thursday, 28 May 2020 CRS Report: 'The Federal Role in Groundwater Supply' Updated: 22 May 2020 Peter Folger, Charles V. Stern, Nicole T. Carter, and Megan Stubbs have updated their fine July 2018 CRS report with this 22 May 2020 one: 'The Federal Role in Groundwater Supply'. Lots of good graphics. Click on one to enlarge it. From the publication: Summary Groundwater, the water in aquifers accessible by wells, is a critical component of the U.S. water supply. It is important for both domestic and agricultural water needs, among other uses. Nearly half of the nation’s population uses groundwater to meet daily needs; in 2015, about 149 million people (46% of the nation’s population) relied on groundwater for their domestic indoor and outdoor water supply. The greatest volume of groundwater used every day is for agriculture, specifically for irrigation. In 2015, irrigation accounted for 69% of the total fresh groundwater withdrawals in the United States. For that year, California pumped the most groundwater for irrigation, followed by Arkansas, Nebraska, Idaho, Texas, and Kansas, in that order. Groundwater also is used as a supply for mining, oil and gas development, industrial processes, livestock, and thermoelectric power, among other uses. Congress generally has deferred management of U.S. groundwater resources to the states, and there is little indication that this practice will change. Congress, various states, and other stakeholders recently have focused on the potential for using surface water to recharge aquifers and the ability to recover stored groundwater when needed. Some see aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery as a replacement or complement to surface water reservoirs, and there is interest in how federal agencies can support these efforts. In the congressional context, there is interest in the potential for federal policies to facilitate state, local, and private groundwater management efforts (e.g., management of federal reservoir releases to allow for groundwater recharge by local utilities). The two primary federal water resources agencies are the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). No significant federal restrictions apply to Reclamation’s authorities to deliver water for purposes of aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery. USACE authorities also do not restrict nonfederal entities from using water stored or released from USACE reservoirs for groundwater recharge. Both agencies acknowledge that some state restrictions affect the use of the delivered or stored waters for groundwater activities. Reclamation, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency also provide some forms of financial assistance that could be used for enhancing groundwater supplies. Other federal agencies support activities that inform groundwater management. For example, the U.S. Geological Survey monitors and reports groundwater conditions across the country, develops groundwater models and software tools for characterizing aquifers, and provides long- and short- term forecasts of changing groundwater conditions as part of local and regional groundwater studies. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also make observations and collect data that are relevant to groundwater monitoring and assessment. USDA collects groundwater data related to irrigation. Long-term changes to the climate affecting the United States, particularly rising temperatures and changes in the patterns, quantities, and type of precipitation (i.e., rain versus snow), could affect the availability of groundwater in the future. Other factors, such as changes to land use, irrigation practices, and patterns of water consumption, also may influence future changes to groundwater supplies. Cutting to the chase... Summary and Conclusions Congress generally has deferred management of U.S. groundwater resources to the states, and that practice appears likely to continue. Severe and widespread droughts over the last 10 years in California, the Midwest, and Texas and a longer period of drier-than-normal conditions in the Southwest have contributed to increasing congressional attention to the effects of drought on increased groundwater pumping and the depletion of groundwater supplies. These events have led to congressional interest in policies that would support augmentation of water supplies by enhanced aquifer recharge and the ability to store groundwater in an aquifer for later recovery when surface water supplies are curtailed by drought. Existing authorities for Reclamation and USACE allow federal projects to be involved in aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery in some way. Reclamation, USDA, and EPA also provide some forms of financial assistance that could support aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery. A connection between federal water projects and groundwater enhancement already exists in Arizona, as part of the Central Arizona Project, and activities are being implemented via state law. More recently, California enacted three groundwater laws known collectively as the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), which directed the California Department of Water Resources to identify water available for replenishing groundwater in the state. Because the water provided by the Central Valley Project is integral to the water supply and delivery infrastructure of the state,88 it is also recognized as part of the surface water resources potentially available for recharging aquifers as the SGMA is implemented.89 Other western states with significant Reclamation water infrastructure also may look to enhance their sources of water for aquifer recharge by tapping the federal projects. Further technological developments in desalinating brackish or saline groundwater could help make those water supplies available for domestic, agricultural, or other uses.90 Congress authorized an assessment of brackish groundwater in Section 9507(c) of P.L. 111-11 in 2009, and USGS released its assessment report in 2017.91 In general, the assessment found that deeper wells had more brackish groundwater than shallower wells. Seventy percent of wells between 1,500 feet and 3,000 feet below the surface were brackish or highly saline, whereas less than 20% of wells 50 feet deep or shallower were brackish. USGS reports that many water providers are turning to brackish groundwater to augment or replace freshwater for drinking and other uses, such as power generation, irrigation, aquaculture, and uses in the oil and gas industry (e.g., hydraulic fracturing).92 For greater use of this potential resource, more detailed evaluations of specific aquifers likely are required. Technological and economic analyses would be needed to determine if brackish groundwater, especially from the deeper wells, could be used economically on a greater scale in the future. Enjoy! "The science of hydrology would be relatively simple if water were unable to penetrate below the earth's surface" - Harold E. Thomas (tnx Maria Gibson) Posted on Thursday, 28 May 2020 at 08:22 AM in CRS, FMSO & GAO Reports, Groundwater and Hydrogeology, Readings, Journals, Videos, Films & Visuals, Water Quantity & Availability | Permalink | Comments (1) Reblog (0) | | Digg This | Save to del.icio.us | » Translation Visitors Visitors TheReefTank proudly awards this site as Recommended Reading Please vote for it in the community! Vote for us! Enter your email address: Delivered by FeedBurner Subscribe to WaterWired Recent Posts CRS Report: 'Inland and Intracoastal Waterways - Primer and Issues for Congress' TGIF! Weekly Water News Summary 4 - 10 July 2020 Thursday Twofer - CRS Reports on Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms: 1) Overview; 2) 'Causes, Challenges, and Policy Considerations Predicting a River's Flow: 'The Physics of River Prediction' by Sean Fleming & Hoshin Gupta Josh's Water Jobs and More! 7 July 2020 Elaine J. Hanford's Bulletin Boards: 1) Geoscience; 2) Environmental Science; 3) Coastal Zone Management - 6 July 2020 CRS Report: 'Reclamation Water Storage Projects - Section 4007 of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act' CRS Report: 'Central Valley Project: Issues and Legislation' Updated: 2 July 2020 TGIF! Weekly Water News Summary 27 June - 3 July 2020 DIY Water Disinfection for COVID-19 and Other Times Recent Comments W2C on CRS Reports: 1) 'NAFTA and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)'; 2) 'Environmental Provisions in Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)' EJ Hanford on CRS InFocus Report: 'WaterSense® Program - Congressional Authorization' 2017ryand on CRS Insight Report: 'Dam Failure: Overview of Federal Programs and Resources' Upmanu Lall on CRS Report: 'The Federal Role in Groundwater Supply' Updated: 22 May 2020 EJ Hanford on Elaine J. Hanford's Bulletin Boards: 1) Geoscience; 2) Environmental Science; 3) Coastal Zone Management - 24 February 2020 Michael. on Report: 'Hydrology of the Transboundary Drin River Basin' - Water Management, Collaboration and Cooperation Michael on USACE-IWR Report: 'Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) & U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - Water Security through Resilience' abihu on Antimalarials: Chloroquine Conundrum, Mefloquine Madness, or Doxycycline Delight? Michael Campana on East Anglia's MSc in Water Security and International Development Shiv shanker chaudhari on East Anglia's MSc in Water Security and International Development Archives July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 More... Categories Amazing! Blogs, Twitters, WWW sites, e-Newsletters, & Lists Books and Reviews Bottled Water and Tap/Drinking Water Bullshit and Crap Detection Climate Change, Climate & Meteorology Conflict, Cooperation, Vulnerability & Security Conservation, Recycling & Reuse CRS, FMSO & GAO Reports Current Affairs Education Elaine Hanford's Bulletin Boards Energy & Water Ethics, Gender,Water Rights, Culture & Religion Events Extremes: Droughts, Floods, etc. Funny Stuff Great Lakes Groundwater and Hydrogeology Hydrophilanthropy and Development Josh Newton's Water Jobs & More! Land, Food & Water Law & Economics Music & Art My Talks and Papers Opportunities & Positions Pacific Northwest USA People Policy, Planning, Governance, IWRM & Management Potpourri Readings, Journals, Videos, Films & Visuals Southeastern and Eastern USA Television Travel Tuesday/Thursday Trifecta/Twofer/Treat Tweets Galore It's Friday! WaSH, Water Quality, Health & Ecosystems Wastewater, Stormwater & Infrastructure Water Quantity & Availability Western USA World Water See More Archives July 5, 2020 - July 11, 2020 June 28, 2020 - July 4, 2020 June 21, 2020 - June 27, 2020 June 14, 2020 - June 20, 2020 June 7, 2020 - June 13, 2020 May 31, 2020 - June 6, 2020 May 24, 2020 - May 30, 2020 May 17, 2020 - May 23, 2020 May 10, 2020 - May 16, 2020 May 3, 2020 - May 9, 2020 More... WWW sites Agua Para La Vida Alltop Water All the top water news in this 'online magazine rack' - yeah, WaterWired is listed. American Water Resources Association (AWRA) Ann Campana Judge Foundation Carpe Diem - Western Water and Climate Change Project Circle of Blue Circle of Blue uses journalism, scientific research, and conversations from around the world to bring the story of the global freshwater crisis to life. Here you’ll find new water reports, news headlines, and hear from leading scientists. Drink Water For Life The idea is simple. Drink water or other cheap beverages instead of expensive lattes, sodas, and bottled water for a set period of time. A day, a week, a month, Lent, Ramadan, Passover, or some other holiday period. eFlowNet Newsletter From the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) this newsletter has lots of information about environmental flows and related issues. El Porvenir FactCheck.org Flowing Streams Ministries Geological Society of America Geology Online: 105 Websites That Rock! The title says it all! WaterWired checks in at #68. Get Hydrology Jobs Great resource for job seekers. Give it a view! Global Science Gateway Global Voices Online Aggregates, curates, and amplifies the global conversation online, highlighting people and places the media often ignore. H2OX2 Safe and stylish alternatives to disposable water bottles. High Country News Institute for Water and Watersheds, Oregon State University International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) JAWRA The Journal of the American Water Resources Association Lifewater International Living Water International Millennium Water Alliance National Drought Mitigation Center National Ground Water Association (NGWA) NPR - National Public Radio PBS - Public Broadcasting Service Safe Drinking Water Is Essential Save Darfur Southwest Hydrology Sustainable Water Resources Roundtable Since 2002, the Sustainable Water Resources Roundtable (SWRR) has brought together federal, state, corporate, non-profit and academic sectors to advance our understanding of the nation’s water resources and to develop tools for their sustainable management. Tappening Tap water forever! The Christian Science Monitor The H2O Podcast The New York Times The Nose On Your Face The Onion - America's Finest News Source The Water Report U.S. Water News UNESCO - International Hydrological Programme USGS - Water Resources Water Advocates WaTER Center - Water Technologies for Emerging Regions Water Charity Practical solutions to provide safe water, effective sanitation, and meaningful health education to those in need. Water Education Foundation Water Resources Graduate Program, Oregon State University Water Science and Technology Board Watershed Management Council WaterSupply.com Commerical site with much information on water and wastewater treatment. WaterWebster Your Web portal to news and information about water WaterWired on Twitter Short posts on water and related issues. Western Water Assessment Western Waters Digital Library

Peter Folger, Charles V. Stern, Nicole T. Carter, and Megan Stubbs have updated their fine July 2018 CRS report with this 22 May 2020 one: 'The Federal Role in Groundwater Supply'.

Lots of good graphics. Click on one to enlarge it.

From the publication:

Summary
Groundwater, the water in aquifers accessible by wells, is a critical component of the U.S. water supply. It is important for both domestic and agricultural water needs, among other uses. Nearly half of the nation’s population uses groundwater to meet daily needs; in 2015, about 149 million people (46% of the nation’s population) relied on groundwater for their domestic indoor and outdoor water supply. The greatest volume of groundwater used every day is for agriculture, specifically for irrigation. In 2015, irrigation accounted for 69% of the total fresh groundwater withdrawals in the United States. For that year, California pumped the most groundwater for irrigation, followed by Arkansas, Nebraska, Idaho, Texas, and Kansas, in that order. Groundwater also is used as a supply for mining, oil and gas development, industrial processes, livestock, and thermoelectric power, among other uses.

Congress generally has deferred management of U.S. groundwater resources to the states, and there is little indication that this practice will change. Congress, various states, and other stakeholders recently have focused on the potential for using surface water to recharge aquifers and the ability to recover stored groundwater when needed. Some see aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery as a replacement or complement to surface water reservoirs, and there is interest in how federal agencies can support these efforts. In the congressional context, there is interest in the potential for federal policies to facilitate state, local, and private groundwater management efforts (e.g., management of federal reservoir releases to allow for groundwater recharge by local utilities).

The two primary federal water resources agencies are the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). No significant federal restrictions apply to Reclamation’s authorities to deliver water for purposes of aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery. USACE authorities also do not restrict nonfederal entities from using water stored or released from USACE reservoirs for groundwater recharge. Both agencies acknowledge that some state restrictions affect the use of the delivered or stored waters for groundwater activities. Reclamation, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency also provide some forms of financial assistance that could be used for enhancing groundwater supplies.

Other federal agencies support activities that inform groundwater management. For example, the U.S. Geological Survey monitors and reports groundwater conditions across the country, develops groundwater models and software tools for characterizing aquifers, and provides long- and short- term forecasts of changing groundwater conditions as part of local and regional groundwater studies. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also make observations and collect data that are relevant to groundwater monitoring and assessment. USDA collects groundwater data related to irrigation.

Long-term changes to the climate affecting the United States, particularly rising temperatures and changes in the patterns, quantities, and type of precipitation (i.e., rain versus snow), could affect the availability of groundwater in the future. Other factors, such as changes to land use, irrigation practices, and patterns of water consumption, also may influence future changes to groundwater supplies.

Cutting to the chase...

Summary and Conclusions
Congress generally has deferred management of U.S. groundwater resources to the states, and that practice appears likely to continue. Severe and widespread droughts over the last 10 years in California, the Midwest, and Texas and a longer period of drier-than-normal conditions in the Southwest have contributed to increasing congressional attention to the effects of drought on increased groundwater pumping and the depletion of groundwater supplies. These events have led to congressional interest in policies that would support augmentation of water supplies by enhanced aquifer recharge and the ability to store groundwater in an aquifer for later recovery when surface water supplies are curtailed by drought. Existing authorities for Reclamation and USACE allow federal projects to be involved in aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery in some way. Reclamation, USDA, and EPA also provide some forms of financial assistance that could support aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery.

A connection between federal water projects and groundwater enhancement already exists in Arizona, as part of the Central Arizona Project, and activities are being implemented via state law. More recently, California enacted three groundwater laws known collectively as the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), which directed the California Department of Water Resources to identify water available for replenishing groundwater in the state. Because the water provided by the Central Valley Project is integral to the water supply and delivery infrastructure of the state,88 it is also recognized as part of the surface water resources potentially available for recharging aquifers as the SGMA is implemented.89 Other western states with significant Reclamation water infrastructure also may look to enhance their sources of water for aquifer recharge by tapping the federal projects.

Further technological developments in desalinating brackish or saline groundwater could help make those water supplies available for domestic, agricultural, or other uses.90 Congress authorized an assessment of brackish groundwater in Section 9507(c) of P.L. 111-11 in 2009, and USGS released its assessment report in 2017.91 In general, the assessment found that deeper wells had more brackish groundwater than shallower wells. Seventy percent of wells between 1,500 feet and 3,000 feet below the surface were brackish or highly saline, whereas less than 20% of wells 50 feet deep or shallower were brackish.

USGS reports that many water providers are turning to brackish groundwater to augment or replace freshwater for drinking and other uses, such as power generation, irrigation, aquaculture, and uses in the oil and gas industry (e.g., hydraulic fracturing).92 For greater use of this potential resource, more detailed evaluations of specific aquifers likely are required. Technological and economic analyses would be needed to determine if brackish groundwater, especially from the deeper wells, could be used economically on a greater scale in the future.

Enjoy!

"The science of hydrology would be relatively simple if water were unable to penetrate below the earth's surface" - Harold E. Thomas (tnx Maria Gibson)

CRS Report: 'The Federal Role in Groundwater Supply' Updated: 22 May 2020

Peter Folger, Charles V. Stern, Nicole T. Carter, and Megan Stubbs have updated their fine July 2018 CRS report with this 22 May 2020 one: 'The Federal Role in Groundwater Supply'.

Lots of good graphics. Click on one to enlarge it.

From the publication:

Summary
Groundwater, the water in aquifers accessible by wells, is a critical component of the U.S. water supply. It is important for both domestic and agricultural water needs, among other uses. Nearly half of the nation’s population uses groundwater to meet daily needs; in 2015, about 149 million people (46% of the nation’s population) relied on groundwater for their domestic indoor and outdoor water supply. The greatest volume of groundwater used every day is for agriculture, specifically for irrigation. In 2015, irrigation accounted for 69% of the total fresh groundwater withdrawals in the United States. For that year, California pumped the most groundwater for irrigation, followed by Arkansas, Nebraska, Idaho, Texas, and Kansas, in that order. Groundwater also is used as a supply for mining, oil and gas development, industrial processes, livestock, and thermoelectric power, among other uses.

Congress generally has deferred management of U.S. groundwater resources to the states, and there is little indication that this practice will change. Congress, various states, and other stakeholders recently have focused on the potential for using surface water to recharge aquifers and the ability to recover stored groundwater when needed. Some see aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery as a replacement or complement to surface water reservoirs, and there is interest in how federal agencies can support these efforts. In the congressional context, there is interest in the potential for federal policies to facilitate state, local, and private groundwater management efforts (e.g., management of federal reservoir releases to allow for groundwater recharge by local utilities).

The two primary federal water resources agencies are the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). No significant federal restrictions apply to Reclamation’s authorities to deliver water for purposes of aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery. USACE authorities also do not restrict nonfederal entities from using water stored or released from USACE reservoirs for groundwater recharge. Both agencies acknowledge that some state restrictions affect the use of the delivered or stored waters for groundwater activities. Reclamation, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency also provide some forms of financial assistance that could be used for enhancing groundwater supplies.

Other federal agencies support activities that inform groundwater management. For example, the U.S. Geological Survey monitors and reports groundwater conditions across the country, develops groundwater models and software tools for characterizing aquifers, and provides long- and short- term forecasts of changing groundwater conditions as part of local and regional groundwater studies. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also make observations and collect data that are relevant to groundwater monitoring and assessment. USDA collects groundwater data related to irrigation.

Long-term changes to the climate affecting the United States, particularly rising temperatures and changes in the patterns, quantities, and type of precipitation (i.e., rain versus snow), could affect the availability of groundwater in the future. Other factors, such as changes to land use, irrigation practices, and patterns of water consumption, also may influence future changes to groundwater supplies.

Cutting to the chase...

Summary and Conclusions
Congress generally has deferred management of U.S. groundwater resources to the states, and that practice appears likely to continue. Severe and widespread droughts over the last 10 years in California, the Midwest, and Texas and a longer period of drier-than-normal conditions in the Southwest have contributed to increasing congressional attention to the effects of drought on increased groundwater pumping and the depletion of groundwater supplies. These events have led to congressional interest in policies that would support augmentation of water supplies by enhanced aquifer recharge and the ability to store groundwater in an aquifer for later recovery when surface water supplies are curtailed by drought. Existing authorities for Reclamation and USACE allow federal projects to be involved in aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery in some way. Reclamation, USDA, and EPA also provide some forms of financial assistance that could support aquifer recharge, storage, and recovery.

A connection between federal water projects and groundwater enhancement already exists in Arizona, as part of the Central Arizona Project, and activities are being implemented via state law. More recently, California enacted three groundwater laws known collectively as the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), which directed the California Department of Water Resources to identify water available for replenishing groundwater in the state. Because the water provided by the Central Valley Project is integral to the water supply and delivery infrastructure of the state,88 it is also recognized as part of the surface water resources potentially available for recharging aquifers as the SGMA is implemented.89 Other western states with significant Reclamation water infrastructure also may look to enhance their sources of water for aquifer recharge by tapping the federal projects.

Further technological developments in desalinating brackish or saline groundwater could help make those water supplies available for domestic, agricultural, or other uses.90 Congress authorized an assessment of brackish groundwater in Section 9507(c) of P.L. 111-11 in 2009, and USGS released its assessment report in 2017.91 In general, the assessment found that deeper wells had more brackish groundwater than shallower wells. Seventy percent of wells between 1,500 feet and 3,000 feet below the surface were brackish or highly saline, whereas less than 20% of wells 50 feet deep or shallower were brackish.

USGS reports that many water providers are turning to brackish groundwater to augment or replace freshwater for drinking and other uses, such as power generation, irrigation, aquaculture, and uses in the oil and gas industry (e.g., hydraulic fracturing).92 For greater use of this potential resource, more detailed evaluations of specific aquifers likely are required. Technological and economic analyses would be needed to determine if brackish groundwater, especially from the deeper wells, could be used economically on a greater scale in the future.

Enjoy!

"The science of hydrology would be relatively simple if water were unable to penetrate below the earth's surface" - Harold E. Thomas (tnx Maria Gibson)