WaterWired

CRS InFocus Report: 'Water Resources Development Acts - Primer'

Nicole T. Carter and Anna E. Normand updated (14 March 2023) this CRS InFocus report: 'Water Resources Development Acts - Primer'.

Download CRS_InFocus_WRDA_Primer_14MARCH2023

Here you go - all you ever wanted to know about WRDAs - in two pages! Many other CRS reports are mentioned. I have highlighted them so you can read them. If I missed some or misreferenced some, search here.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is a Department of Defense agency that develops water resource projects, principally to improve navigable channels, reduce flood and storm damage, and restore aquatic ecosystems. Congress often considers, on a biennial schedule, omnibus legislation to authorize USACE water resource activities. Congress regularly refers to this legislation as a Water Resources Development Act (WRDA). WRDAs are distinguished from each other by the year of enactment (e.g., WRDA 1986). Authorization is generally a precondition for USACE activities to be eligible for federal appropriations.

WRDA provisions generally add to or amend existing USACE authorizations and provide congressional policy direction to the agency. Drivers for enactment of a new WRDA typically include nonfederal and congressional interest in new USACE studies and projects as well as adjustments to existing USACE projects, programmatic authorities, and policies. Events such as droughts and floods, along with congressional deliberations on infrastructure investments and other policy initiatives, may shape deliberations of USACE authorization legislation in the 118th Congress. 

Consideration and Enactment of WRDAs
Congress typically consolidates USACE authorization proposals into a WRDA bill rather than deliberating on multiple bills of smaller scope. Historically, most WRDA provisions have focused on USACE’s water resource activities; however, on some occasions, provisions have addressed the agency’s other responsibilities (such as its regulatory responsibilities).

WRDAs have been enacted as stand-alone bills (e.g., in 2000, 2007, and 2014) and as part of broader bills (e.g., in 2016, 2018, 2020 and 2022). WRDA 2022 was enacted in December 2022 as Title LXXXI of Division H of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (FY2023 NDAA; P.L. 117-263). For more on WRDA 2022, see CRS Insight IN11965, Water Resources Development Act of 2022 (WRDA 2022).

USACE Activities and WRDA Authorizations
Although the three primary purposes of USACE studies and projects historically have been improving navigation, reducing flood risk, and restoring aquatic ecosystems, many USACE projects are multipurpose—that is, they might provide water supply storage, recreation, and hydropower, among other benefits, in addition to one or more of the three primary purposes. USACE is directly engaged in the planning and construction of water resource projects.

In WRDAs, Congress generally establishes a general framework and guidelines for implementing USACE water resource projects and activities (e.g., setting standard federal and nonfederal cost shares). WRDAs also authorize USACE to perform specific studies and projects. Most USACE water resource projects require two types of congressional authorization, which are provided at different points in time: (1) authority to study the feasibility of the project and (2) authority to construct (and operate and maintain, as applicable) the project. Authorizations for most USACE studies and projects are geographically specific (e.g., a flood risk reduction project for a specific community along a river or coast).

WRDAs also may adjust the required cost sharing for specific projects or activities, or they may authorize USACE to provide specific financial assistance. For example, in WRDAs since 1992, Congress has authorized USACE to assist with environmental infrastructure (e.g., design and construction assistance for municipal drinking water and wastewater infrastructure) in designated communities, counties, and states. For more on this assistance, see CRS Report R47162, Overview of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Infrastructure (EI) Assistance.

Authorization for a project or activity on its own is not sufficient for USACE to proceed; once Congress authorizes an activity in a WRDA, USACE must still receive funding for that activity (e.g., Investigation account funding to complete an authorized study). Congress provides appropriations for USACE through the annual Energy and Water Development appropriations process and, at times, through supplemental appropriations. Most USACE appropriations are directed toward specific USACE studies and projects authorized by Congress. For more on USACE funding, see CRS Report R46320,U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Annual Appropriations Process, and CRS In Focus IF11945,U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Supplemental Appropriations.

Although most USACE authorizations do not expire, Congress has limited the duration of some WRDA provisions (e.g., a 10-year pilot program authorization). WRDA provisions may extend or remove the time limitations on these authorities. WRDA provisions also may rescind authority for (i.e., deauthorize) unconstructed projects or projects no longer serving their authorized purposes.

WRDA Development and Process to Propose Activities for Authorization
To develop WRDAs, the authorizing committees for USACE—the House Committee on Transportation andInfrastructure and the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works—typically hold hearings to receive testimony from stakeholders, review reports transmitted by the Administration, and solicit input from Members. In Section 7001 of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 (WRRDA 2014; P.L. 113-121), Congress established a new process that may assist congressional authorizing committees in identifying USACE studies, projects, and project modifications for authorization. In Section 7001, as amended, Congress requires the Administration to transmit an annual report to the authorizing committees on publicly submitted USACE study and project proposals, along with USACE-developed project decision documents that require congressional authorization. WRDAs in 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022 drew upon Section 7001 reports as the basis for authorizing various geographically specific USACE activities. For more on the Section 7001 process, see CRS Insight IN11118, Army Corps of Engineers: Section 7001 Report on Future Studies and Projects.

Nonfederal Responsibilities
Although USACE projects authorized in WRDAs are federal projects, they often require nonfederal sponsors to share costs and assume other responsibilities. Nonfederal sponsors generally are required to provide land and other real estate interests needed for a project and to share study and construction costs. Most studies are cost shared 50% federal and 50% nonfederal. For various USACE project purposes, Congress has set standard cost shares for construction and for the nonfederal responsibilities following construction. For instance, Congress set the construction cost sharing for restoration projects at a fixed 65% federal and 35% nonfederal, unless otherwise specified. For most USACE flood control and restoration projects, nonfederal sponsors are 100% responsible for operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation costs.

Investing in USACE Backlogged Projects
Numerous activities authorized for construction in previous WRDAs remain unfunded. USACE has a construction backlog exceeding $100 billion, as well as numerous authorized but unfunded studies and operation and maintenance activities. Nonfederal sponsors often remain interested in pursuing these unfunded studies and construction activities. A challenge for federal policymakers is whether, and if so how, to advance these projects. One way is to expand opportunities for greater nonfederal roles in development, construction, and financing of backlogged projects. In WRRDA 2014, WRDA 2016 (Title I of P.L. 114-322, Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act [WIIN Act]), and WRDA 2018 (Title I of P.L. 115-270, America’s Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 [AWIA 2018]), Congress expanded the opportunities for interested nonfederal entities, including private entities, to advance authorized studies and projects.

Another option to facilitate project construction is to expand project financing opportunities. In WRRDA 2014, Congress authorized the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA). WIFIA includes authority for both USACE and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)to implement programs to provide credit assistance (i.e., direct loans or loan guarantees) for various types of water projects. For USACE, WIFIA authorizes the agency to financially assist a broad range of water resource projects, potentially including some projects in the USACE construction backlog. Since FY2021, when Congress created an account for USACE to initiate its WIFIA program―the Corps Water Infrastructure Financing Program (CWIFP)―Congress has limited CWIFP financial assistance to safety projects for nonfederally owned dams, a project type that is not part of the USACE construction backlog. For more on CWIFP, see CRS Insight IN12021,Corps Water Infrastructure Financing Program (CWIFP). Other approaches for Congress to address the project backlog include increasing federal funding for this infrastructure and deauthorizing unconstructed projects with older authorizations.

WRDA Oversight and Next WRDA Preparations
After a WRDA is enacted, Congress may oversee its implementation or provide additional implementation direction through the appropriations process. The 118th Congress may review USACE efforts to implement WRDA 2022, as well as authorities in earlier acts. Congress may be interested in the status of USACE guidance describing how the agency plans to implement selected WRDA 2022 and prior WRDA provisions. Congress also may seek information on specific authorized activities, such as agency actions addressing water resource projects for tribes and in economically disadvantaged and rural communities (e.g., §8115 of WRDA 2022; §118 and §165 of WRDA 2020 [Division AA of P.L. 116-260]).

Another potential subject of WRDA oversight may be agency activities related to small water storage projects, including for water supply and water conservation (§155 of WRDA 2020). Congress also may be interested in actions to implement aquifer recharge feasibility studies (§8108 of WRDA 2022) and other authorizations related to drought and western water resources (e.g., §8208 of WRDA 2022).

In addition to oversight, topics that may shape WRDA deliberations in the 118th Congress include how USACE activities interact with broader policy concerns, such as climate change mitigation and adaptation, economic and environmental justice efforts, the role of USACE navigation projects in supply chains, and federal infrastructure spending deliberations (e.g., effectiveness and efficiency of federal funding, federal priorities for flood risk reduction activities). Another consideration may be WRDA provisions’ effects on discretionary spending and mandatory receipts. Other factors shaping WRDA deliberations in the 118th Congress may include the status and authorization of specific studies, projects, and activities. For a primer and resources on USACE authorizations and appropriations, see CRS Insight IN11810, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works: Primer and Resources.

Enjoy!

"A generous person will be enriched and one who gives water will get water."
- Proverbs 11:25

CRS Report: 'Central Valley Project - Issues and Legislation'

Charles V. Stern, Pervaze A. Sheikh, and Erin H. Ward updated (16 March 2023) this CRS report: 'Central Valley Project - Issues and Legislation' . 

Download CRS_Report_CVP_Issues_Legislation_16March2023

I won't go through this in any detail - just post the summary and a few other items. This report gets updated frequently. Click on the graphics to enlarge them. Enjoy!

Summary
The Central Valley Project (CVP), a federal water project owned and operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), is one of the world’s largest water supply projects. The CVP covers approximately 400 miles in California, from Redding to Bakersfield, and draws from two large river basins: the Sacramento and the San Joaquin. It is composed of 20 dams and reservoirs and numerous pieces of water storage and conveyance infrastructure. In an average year, the CVP delivers more than 7 million acre-feet of water to support irrigated agriculture, municipalities, and fish and wildlife needs, among other purposes. About 75% of CVP water is used for agricultural irrigation, including 7 of California’s top 10 agricultural counties. The CVP is operated jointly with the State Water Project (SWP), which provides much of its water to municipal users in Southern California.

CVP water is delivered to users that have contracts with Reclamation, which is part of the Department of the Interior. These contractors receive varying levels of priority for water deliveries based on several factors, including hydrology, water rights, prior agreements with Reclamation, and regulatory requirements. The Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers’ confluence with the San Francisco Bay (Bay-Delta or Delta) is a hub for CVP water deliveries; many CVP contractors south of the Delta receive water that is “exported” from north of the Delta.

Development of the CVP resulted in significant changes to the area’s natural hydrology. However, construction of most CVP facilities predated major federal natural resources and environmental protection laws. Much of the current debate related to the CVP revolves around how to deal with changes to the hydrologic system that were not significantly mitigated when the project was constructed. Dry conditions have led to significant curtailments of contracted water supplies in recent years. Reclamation has been unable to provide any water supplies to most CVP agricultural water service contractors in 4 of the past 11 years (including 2021 and 2022) and has cut supplies for some senior water rights holders during this time. Wet conditions in the winter of 2022-2023 have temporarily alleviated some of these trends.

Various state and federal proposals are currently under consideration and have generated controversy for their potential to affect CVP operations and allocations. In late 2018, the State of California finalized revisions to its Bay-Delta Water Quality Control Plan that would require more flows from the San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers to reach the Bay-Delta for water quality and fish and wildlife enhancement (i.e., reduced water supplies for other users). Voluntary agreements that might replace some or all of these requirements are being negotiated but have not been finalized. The Trump Administration attempted to increase CVP water supplies for users and proposed changes to long-term operations of the CVP in 2019. Those changes were finalized in a record of decision in 2020 after the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) issued a no jeopardy biological opinion after consultation required by the Endangered Species Act (ESA, 16 U.S.C. §§1531-1544). California and some environmental organizations opposed these efforts and filed lawsuits to prevent implementation of the changes. The court issued a preliminary injunction on May 11, 2020, temporarily prohibiting Reclamation from implementing the operational changes. Under the Biden Administration, Reclamation is implementing an interim operations plan for the CVP while the litigation is pending and has requested reinitiation of consultation with FWS and NMFS to assess the effects of proposed changes to CVP operations.

Congress has engaged in CVP issues through oversight and legislation, most recently in the form of provisions enacted under the 2016 Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act (WIIN Act; P.L. 114-322). Among other things, this act authorized changes to CVP operations that were intended to provide increased water supplies for agricultural and municipal contractors under certain circumstances (most of these provisions have since expired). In the same legislation, Congress authorized funding for new water storage projects that are expected to benefit CVP operations. Some of these operational and construction-related provisions have expired. Legislators may conduct oversight on the CVP and may consider legislation that aims to alter CVP water exports compared with current baselines (including extension of previously expired WIIN Act provisions), as well as whether to approve funding for new water storage projects.

New Storage and Conveyance
Reductions in available water deliveries due to hydrological and regulatory factors have caused some stakeholders, legislators, and state and federal government officials to look at other methods of augmenting water supplies. In particular, proposals to build new or augmented CVP and/or SWP water storage projects have been of interest to some policymakers. Additionally, the State of California is pursuing a major water conveyance project, the California WaterFix, with a nexus to CVP operations.

New and Augmented Water Storage Projects
In recent years, new and augmented water storage projects have been proposed throughout the Central Valley, as well as in other areas of California. While it is unclear whether any of these projects will be completed and/or incorporated into the CVP itself, their status has ramifications for the water supply questions related to the CVP. In the past, construction recommendations for new Reclamation projects have been subject to congressional approval. Section 4007 of the WIIN Act authorized Reclamation financial support for new or expanded federal and nonfederal water storage projects. It also provided that these projects could be deemed authorized, subject to a finding by the Administration that individual projects met certain criteria and were recommended by name in an enacted appropriations act.94 Table 4 shows recent funding for these projects, including regular appropriations and FY2022 funding that was allocated from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58). Most of the projects recommended by current and prior Administrations under this authority have been approved by Congress in enacted appropriations legislation. The only exception was funding that the Trump Administration proposed for the Shasta Dam and Reservoir Enlargement Project in 2019 and 2020, which was not agreed to by Congress.

Just a bit more...

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"I have little need to remind you that water has become one of our major national concerns." - Ezra Taft Benson, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture.
- (Opening sentence of the Foreword of the 1955 Yearbook of Agriculture - dedicated entirely to water)

Is Climate Policy Inundating the SDGs?

Appropriate post for the Ides of March on the eve of the New York Water Conference where the SDGs will be on display. But will climate policy interfere?  

 That's what friend, colleague and Water and Climate A-lister John H. Matthews states in s new publication (comment) in Nature Water.

Here is the PDF: Download S44221-023-00048-x

The PDF has the references and links. It's easier to read than the entire article pasted below.

As climate-induced shocks and stresses increasingly occupy media attention, funding, national and global policy, and technical practice are shifting towards alignment with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s (UNFCCC’s) Paris Agreement and away from the more narrowly sectoral Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Water resilience is emerging as a critical delivery mechanism for the Paris Agreement as the importance of adaptation and resilience accelerates. The SDGs, in contrast, have been unable to make use of either water resources or climate resilience as enabling tools for cross-sectoral integration and development coherence.

Our vision of economic development is at a transition point. The 2023 United Nation Water Conference (UNWC) contains five ‘dialogues’ that represent a traditional approach to development. These dialogues reiterate long-standing demands for additional data, funding, political support, integration with other sectors, ecological preservation, and technology, all delivered through improved governance. While these points are valid, these issues could have been presented at the first UN water conference in 1977. Indeed, this year’s conference risks not highlighting or capturing insights from new, disruptive, or synergistic narratives about water, especially those that challenge silos and may inform emerging water-related issues. The emphasis on framing water through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) may even serve as an obstacle to reaching new political and technical audiences given that the 2030 agenda neglects many connections between SDGs, especially how particular targets may be contingent on, enabled by, or even competing with other goals. Arguably the most disruptive driver for the SDGs and the water community in recent decades comes from climate change, which will be a minor topic in one UNWC dialogue.

Climate change as the new force in water

Both strong scientific evidence and well-researched journalism around climate change impacts have highlighted the ties between the global water cycle, anthropogenic climate change, and economic, social, and ecological shocks and stresses. While particular events, such as the extreme fires in Queensland in 2021 or Pakistan’s severe floods in 2022, have revealed specific threats from water–climate disasters, what may be more significant are a handful of evolving stories that show the depth and complexity of conjoined water and climate risks for technical professionals, economic policymakers, and the general public; among many, the megadrought in western North America and the dramatic loss of glaciers and snowpack from high elevation regions such as the Himalayas or Alps. While diagnostic about impacts and causes, these narratives rarely describe what more systematic solutions in these regions might look like. Very often, these impacts are treated as serious but untreatable diseases, emphasizing disruption and loss rather than tracing options to reorganize hydrologies, ecosystems, and economies. (Fig. 1) Water has achieved a much higher level of visibility in policy negotiations over the last several United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) annual global meetings (referred to as COPs or Conferences of the Parties), especially around the policies, finance, and science of adaptation and resilience. Moreover, electoral politics and the media are placing new pressures for solutions on resource managers and policymakers, while major financial and aid institutions are being asked to document their success in addressing climate impacts and supporting the goals and processes outlined in the UNFCCC’s Paris Agreement. These pressures update the stark choice presented by the Stern Review in 2006 (ref. 1 ), which predicted expensive adaptation and more limited adaptation options if economies did not decarbonize rapidly. We now face a different choice: given that we did not decarbonize, are some paths for adaptation more useful, coherent, or cost effective than others? Can current risk management approaches address the largescale climatic and environmental ‘transformations’ described by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (ref. 2), or do we need to pursue a more intensive, system-level approach to resilience for infrastructure systems, communities, ecosystems, and even national economies? Global and national adaptation and resilience policies are now coalescing around the language of freshwater resilience, describing new audiences, funding flows, and policy modalities 3–5. Two policy visions for water In 2015, two economic development frameworks that held strong implications for water became active. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development — which encompasses the seventeen SDGs — was adopted by the UN General Assembly in September of that year, while in December the Paris Agreement was negotiated and launched at UNFCCC COP21. From the beginning, water has had a well-defined role in the SDGs through SDG6, which has focused on clean, safe, and reliable water supply and sanitation (WASH) services. In contrast, the Paris Agreement does not mention water. The Paris Agreement sets a clear target for global mitigation efforts to limit air temperatures to about 1.5°C over preindustrial levels and asks countries to finance and implement sufficient climate adaptation interventions. These two frameworks have remained parallel and apart. The SDGs have suffered from a very narrow vision of water. WASH services often limit water as a tool for public health rather than as a resource whose management is grounded in engineering, eco-hydrology, economics, or the law. A palpable tension exists between accelerating progress on WASH versus seeing water as an asset to catalyze progress on SDGs targeting energy, food and agriculture, cities, ecosystems, disaster response, and climate change, among others. Like the 2030 Agenda, the Paris Agreement created a new policy instrument: the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) outline high-level climate commitments in five-year plans designed to increase in ambition over each cycle. Unlike National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), every UNFCCC signatory must submit an NDC outlining national priorities for mitigation and adaptation. The NDCs were launched at COP26 in Glasgow in 2020, which was the first global climate conference where the issues of adaptation and resilience achieved parity with mitigation. While absent in the Paris Agreement, water is superabundant in the NDCs. About 87% of the NDCs mentioning adaptation also reference freshwater , spanning three categories. Most NDCs describe water as a hazard, typically droughts and floods. Almost as common is the mention of water as a sector — referencing adaptation needs for water utilities and water storage and transport, complementing SDG6 (water access) and SDG13 (climate resilience). A few countries also describe water as a ‘connector’ for diverse sectors and development issues. In these NDCs, water ensures policy coherence and becomes the currency for resolving sectoral trade-offs. Countries such as Costa Rica, Egypt, and Bangladesh draw on this connective role for water, which has also been highlighted by a number of financial institutions.

 

Resilience divides the water community
If SDG6 has revealed divisions between WASH and water resources management in the water community, the Paris Agreement has created a new alliance around what has been referred to as 'water-related adaptation’ by the IPCC (REF. 2 ). These are methodologies and projects that are not targeting the water sector per se but use water resources as an entry point for more effective climate adaptation7 . Within the COP processes, there has been strong momentum around water as a strategic intervention for adaptation and resilience, with water being mentioned for the first time in a COP outcome document in preparation for 2023’s COP28. New frameworks began to emerge to power these shifts as early as 2009, when the inability to confidently predict future water cycle conditions was identified as a systemic threat to established decision-making processes, a state referred to as a crisis of "deep uncertainty" for the planning, design and management of infrastructure, investment and management of natural resources8,9 . These warnings pointed to the low level of confidence in projected climate impacts on the water cycle and the inadequacy of past-predicts-the-future approaches to risk management. Solutions such as the use of stress tests on the acceptable limits of infrastructure, policies and ecosystems have been developed in response, resulting in planning and design frameworks that span a wide range of climate futures suitable for exploring more robust interventions. An alternative set of initiatives has explored how to manage uncertainty through planned flexibility. Researchers and practitioners have also described how deep uncertainty might also be addressed through ‘deep resilience’: intertwining management goals across projects, often through water, such as urban flooding, groundwater management, hydropower, and irrigation. Some of these concepts have been translated into policy frameworks. Since mid-2020, about two dozen countries have begun implementing a systematic approach to increase NDC coherence and ambition using shared water resources as an entry point across programs and ministries. Moreover, the UNFCCC itself has recognized that NDC focal points need training to implement a water-focused approach to national commitments and developed a partnership to deliver this curriculum. Financial institutions such as MDBs are pursuing 'Paris Alignment’, a term of art for multilateral and bilateral donors to ensure funding reinforces the NDC priorities and which could effectively convert most development funding into climate finance. For instance, in 2022 the World Bank launched Country Climate Development Reports (CCDRs), which profile the national status and opportunities around mitigation and adaptation investments. The OECD has also recently promoted a new approach for broader economic resilience underpinned by water resilience investment pathways13. In practice, these trends reinforce efforts to achieve the IPCC’s recommendation for ‘water-related adaptation’. Collectively these approaches represent a shift from modest climate de-risking and no-regrets efforts to active and ambitious resilience building implemented through structured decision-making processes. In most cases, practitioners report that these methodologies produce significantly different project outcomes from previous risk frameworks. Perhaps most importantly for the broader water community, these approaches are not limited to the water sector only since water is now being seen as a trans-sector climate resilience resource. Given their water-centric focus on climate uncertainty, they could be characterized as resilient water management (RWM). RWM promises to provide the technical and analytical basis for adaptation priorities for COP28, including the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) and the Global Stocktake (GST). The GGA is an initiative that aims to define a set of indicators for adaptation and resilience comparable to the 1.5 °C target for mitigation in the Paris Agreement. The GST is a mid-term review of the first generation of NDCs, which can be expected to reveal shortcomings and increase ambitions. At both the 2022 UNFCCC intersessional and COP meetings, national parties publicly identified long-term and large-scale climate impacts, especially climate transformation, as a major priority for both policy domains. The integration of RWM with the climate community represents a new, politically powerful, and increasingly well-funded partner for the water community. In contrast, the SDGs do not address climate transformation, while even the premise of the 2030 goals raises the question of what will happen if successful implementation is disrupted or eroded by climate change after 2030. Can the SDGs adapt? Currently, the UNWC subsumes climate change resilience in a catchall dialogue category with more general environmental, biodiversity, source to sea, disaster risk reduction (DRR), and climate mitigation issues. The opportunity to extend the partnership between the water and climate communities around UNFCCC processes, climate policy, NDCs, and RWM seems elusive. The rise of water-centric NDCs may actually fragment traditional water silos as momentum grows around adaptation and resilience among funders, implementers, and national and global policymakers, especially as NDCs begin extending to subnational priorities. NDCs subsume the SDGs within a low-carbon and resilient development lens, while the structure of the SDGs themselves does not encourage more transversal, staged, and leveraged approaches to individual goals. Economic development is being redefined through a climate change lens as alignment with the Paris Agreement rather than as Agenda 2030. What might a more forward-looking and climate-oriented UNWC and water community look like? The organizers might focus on showcasing paths to elevate engagement with the climate community, including:
• Showcasing water-centric NDCs and NAPs.
• Upscaling a shared vision of RWM, especially for parts of the water community that have been slower to engage on climate issues, including WASH, the private sector, natural resource management and conservation, and blended fnance.
• Focusing on pragmatic solutions to keep pace with the challenge of climatic and ecohydrological transformation.
• Emphasizing water resilience as a concept for fnance ministries and macroeconomists, such as investing in redundancy and fexibility, assuming deep uncertainty, and disaggregating growth from intensifying

 

Climate change disrupts how the water community has made decisions. Achieving the SDGs for 2030 and beyond requires new alignments with the climate community.

Enjoy!

 

"Water and its availability and quality will be the main pressures on, and issues for, societies and the environment under climate change." - IPCC 2007

CRS Report: 'Drought in the United States: Science, Policy, and Selected Federal Authorities'

This updated (9 March 2023) CRS report comes to us from Charles V. Stern and Eva Lipiec: 'Drought in the United States: Science, Policy, and Selected Federal Authorities'. Read on...

Click on the graphics to enlarge them. I've left a lot out - plenty to read and absorb.

Download CRS_Report_Drought_in USA_Science_Policy_Auth_9March2023pdf

Summary
Drought―a deficiency of moisture that results in adverse effects―occurs to some extent almost every year in areas of the United States. Droughts can simultaneously reduce available water supplies and increase demands for water. Drought has the potential to affect economic and environmental conditions on local, regional, and national scales, as well as to disrupt water supplies for households and communities.

Droughts are a component of climate variability and may be seasonal, multiyear, or multi-decadal in duration. According to a 2021 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report on the physical science of climate change, variable precipitation and rising temperatures are intensifying droughts in some U.S. regions. According to the report, certain types of droughts—such as those causing agricultural impacts—are expected to be more likely in the western and central regions of the United States in the future.

The federal government generally defers to state primacy in surface and groundwater allocation, and states and local entities typically lead efforts to prepare for drought. Multiple federal agencies contribute to these efforts to predict, plan for, and respond to drought. The federal government, and in particular the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, plays a key role in researching and monitoring drought through the National Integrated Drought Information System and the U.S. Drought Monitor. Other federal agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Geological Survey, also research and monitor drought factors and conditions.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture provides the primary federal financial aid to lessen the impacts of drought and compensate for agricultural production loss after drought onset. Other federal programs may assist with drought in their support of other water investments. For example, Congress authorized programs supporting nonfederal and tribal efforts to develop water conservation, water reuse and recycling, rural water supplies, or other municipal and industrial water supplies. Some of these programs may prioritize projects that lessen the impacts of drought even if these programs do not focus exclusively on drought.

Congress has authorized federal assistance for other aspects of drought, but these programs generally are limited in scope. In localities or watersheds with major projects managed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation, which operates exclusively in the 17 western states) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, which operates nationwide), the federal role in water management is more direct and can be especially controversial during times of drought, when multiple users compete for water. Congress has directed both Reclamation and USACE to plan for future droughts at federally authorized projects.

Recent severe droughts, including widespread drought conditions in some areas of the western United States, have raised the profile of drought and led to congressional and administrative proposals to prepare for and respond to its impacts. The 117th Congress enacted funding for drought activities in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58) and in P.L. 117- 169 (commonly referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022). Congressional interest in drought during the 118th Congress may include new and amended authorities for drought planning and response; emergency appropriations to alleviate drought impacts and enhance related activities; and oversight of ongoing federal drought science, preparedness, and management efforts.

Introduction
Drought―a deficiency of moisture that results in adverse impacts―occurs to some extent almost every year in areas of the United States. Drought has the potential to create economic and environmental impacts on local, regional, and national scales, as well as disruptions in water supplies for households and communities. For example, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) estimates the United States has experienced 30 billion-dollar drought events since 1980, at an estimated total cost of over $309.4 billion. Although droughts are generally a common component of climate variability that may be seasonal, multiyear, or multi- decadal in duration, variable precipitation and rising temperatures are intensifying droughts in the western United States in 2021 and 2022, have raised the profile of drought and led to increasing congressional and administrative proposals to prepare for and respond to its impacts.

Multiple federal agencies contribute to efforts to predict, plan for, and respond to drought. NOAA plays a key role in monitoring drought through the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) and the U.S. Drought Monitor (through a partnership with the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and the U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA]). USDA provides the primary federal financial aid to lessen drought’s impacts and compensate for agricultural production loss after its onset. Federal water resource agencies such as the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) may face difficult tradeoffs in operating federal water projects during drought; both agencies also have the authority to and conduct activities to mitigate drought impacts. Various other federal agencies, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and emergency authorities also have a role in drought response and mitigation.

This report provides an overview of drought in the United States, including information on drought science, monitoring, and forecasts and on drought types and intensity classifications. It discusses federal authorities related to drought planning and response, with a focus on selected water-related agricultural, environmental, and natural resource authorities with explicit ties to drought. It does not discuss broader disaster-related authorities and their potential nexus to drought, such as the programs and authorities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and interactions between drought and other hazards and concerns (e.g., wildfire, dust, and public health).

Cutting to the chase...

More...

Still more...




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"Water is the mother of the vine, the nurse and fountain of fecundity, the adorner and refresher of the world." - Charles Mackay (See http://gmd4.org/WaterQuotes.html)

Water-MDPI, Volume 15, Issue 5 (March-1 2023) 173 Articles

NOTE: If you are in the USA most of us will observe Daylight Saving Time starting at 2 AM, 12 March 2023. Set your clock ahead one hour before going to bed tonight. 

Water-MDPI, Volume 15, Issue 5 (March-1 2023)  173 Articles 

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Cover Story

Article: Elevated River Inputs of the Total Alkalinity and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in the Northern Adriatic Sea

Michele Giani, Nives Ogrinc, Samo Tamše and Stefano Cozzi

Water 2023, 15(5), 894; DOI: 10.3390/w15050894

Featured Papers

Review: A Review of the Application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in Karst Watersheds

Ibrahim Al Khoury, Laurie Boithias and David Labat

Water 2023, 15(5), 954; DOI: 10.3390/w15050954

 

Review: Freshwater Diversity of Zooplankton from Mexico: Historical Review of Some of the Main Groups

Adrián Cervantes-Martínez, Carlos Alberto Durán Ramírez, Manuel Elías-Gutiérrez, Alma E. García-Morales, Martha Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Sarahi Jaime, Miroslav Macek, Alejandro M. Maeda-Martínez, Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo, Rosaura Mayén-Estrada, Jorge Humberto Medina-Durán, Lucía Montes-Ortiz, Jovanny Fernando Yonatan Olvera-Bautista, Víctor Manuel Romero-Niembro and Eduardo Suárez-Morales

Water 2023, 15(5), 858; DOI: 10.3390/w15050858

 

Article: Analysis of Seasonal Water Characteristics and Water Quality Responses to the Land Use/Land Cover Pattern: A Case Study in Tianjin, China

Linshan Zhang, Lifu Zhang, Donghui Zhang, Yi Cen, Sa Wang, Yan Zhang and Liaoran Gao

Water 2023, 15(5), 867; DOI: 10.3390/w15050867

 

Article: Determination of Exploitable Coefficient of Coral Island Freshwater Lens Considering the Integrated Effects of Lens Growth and Contraction

Ran Wang, Longcang Shu, Rongrong Zhang and Zihan Ling

Water 2023, 15(5), 890; DOI: 10.3390/w15050890

 

Article: Automated Mapping of Wetland Ecosystems: A Study Using Google Earth Engine and Machine Learning for Lotus Mapping in Central Vietnam

Huu-Ty Pham, Hao-Quang Nguyen, Khac-Phuc Le, Thi-Phuong Tran and Nam-Thang Ha

Water 2023, 15(5), 854; DOI: 10.3390/w15050854

 

Article: The Influence of the Internal Properties of River Ice on Ground Penetrating Radar Propagation

Hongwei Han, Yu Li, Wanyun Li, Xingchao Liu, Enliang Wang and Haiqiang Jiang

Water 2023, 15(5), 889; DOI: 10.3390/w15050889

 

Article: Modelling Plume Development with Annual Pulses of Contaminants Released from an Airport Runway to a Layered Aquifer, Evaluation of an In Situ Monitoring System

Helen K. French, Mona C. Hansen, Kamilla G. Moe and Julie Stene

Water 2023, 15(5), 985; DOI: 10.3390/w15050985

 

Article: Failure Characteristics of the Water-Resisting Coal Pillar under Stress-Seepage Coupling and Determination of Reasonable Coal Pillar Width

Quanhui Liu, Yuanbo Xue, Dan Ma and Qiang Li

Water 2023, 15(5), 1002; DOI: 10.3390/w15051002

 

Article: Simulation of Hydrologic Change of Linggo Co during 1979–2012 Using Hydrologic and Isotopic Mass Balance Model

Xueying Zhang, Yue He, Lijun Tian, Hanxi Duan and Yifan Cao

Water 2023, 15(5), 1004; DOI: 10.3390/w15051004

 

Article: Multi-Remote Sensing Data Analysis for Identifying the Impact of Human Activities on Water-Related Ecosystem Services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Yifan Wu, Yang Xu, Xuan Zhang, Chong Li and Fanghua Hao

Water 2023, 15(5), 915; DOI: 10.3390/w15050915

 

Article: Historical Review on Water Level Changes in Lake Kinneret (Israel) and Incomparable Perspectives

Moshe Gophen

Water 2023, 15(5), 837; DOI: 10.3390/w15050837

 

Article: Forecasting the Ensemble Hydrograph of the Reservoir Inflow based on Post-Processed TIGGE Precipitation Forecasts in a Coupled Atmospheric-Hydrological System

Mitra Tanhapour, Jaber Soltani, Bahram Malekmohammadi, Kamila Hlavcova, Silvia Kohnova, Zora Petrakova and Saeed Lotfi

Water 2023, 15(5), 887; DOI: 10.3390/w15050887

 

Article: Slurry Leakage Channel Detection and Slurry Transport Process Simulation for Overburden Bed Separation Grouting Project: A Case Study from the Wuyang Coal Mine, Northern China

Tianhao Kou, Shuaixin Wen, Wenping Mu, Nengxiong Xu, Zexin Gao, Zhongxiang Lin, Yankui Hao, Weitao Yan and Honglei Liu

Water 2023, 15(5), 996; DOI: 10.3390/w15050996

 

Article: Combining Full-Scale Ozonation and Biological Activated Carbon Filtration (O₃-BAC) with Pilot-Scale Nanofiltration (NF) to Control Disinfection By-Product Formation for Treatment of Taihu Lake Water

Pengcheng Xu, Huan He, Tian Li, Yan Chen and Bingzhi Dong

Water 2023, 15(5), 843; DOI: 10.3390/w15050843

 

Article: UVC-Assisted Tertiary Treatments for the Removal of Pollutants of Emerging Concern in Real WWTP Matrices

Rubén López-Timoner, Margarita Mora, Elena Zuriaga, Javier Climent, Lucas Santos-Juanes, Ana M. Amat and Antonio Arques

Water 2023, 15(5), 882; DOI: 10.3390/w15050882

 

Article: The Catalytic Degradation of the Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac Sodium in Water by Fe²⁺/Persulfate, Fe²⁺/Peroxymonosulfate and Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ Processes: A Comparative Analysis

Faiza Rehman, Waqas Ahmad, Nazish Parveen, Syed Khuram Zakir, Sanaullah Khan and Changseok Han

Water 2023, 15(5), 885; DOI: 10.3390/w15050885

 

Article: More about Persulfate-Assisted Ferrilanthanide-Mediated Photocatalysis of Textile Industry Dye Reactive Black 5: Surface Properties and Structural Assessment

Idil Arslan-Alaton, Olga Koba-Ucun, Nazli Turkten, Isabella Natali Sora and Miray Bekbolet

Water 2023, 15(5), 906; DOI: 10.3390/w15050906

 

Article: Green Synthesis and Characterizations of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Coherent Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Investigations

Parvathiraja Chelliah, Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur, Hari Prapan Sharma, Muhsin J. Jweeg, Hasan Sh. Majdi, Munthir Mohammed Radhy AL. Kubaisy, Amjad Iqbal and Wen-Cheng Lai

Water 2023, 15(5), 910; DOI: 10.3390/w15050910

 

Article: Calculation of Dry Weather Flows in Pumping Stations to Identify Inflow and Infiltration in Urban Drainage Systems

Johan Van Assel, Stefan Kroll and Rosalia Delgado

Water 2023, 15(5), 864; DOI: 10.3390/w15050864

 

Article: Analysis of Preferential Flow in Artificial Substrates with Sedum Roots for Green Roofs: Experiments and Modeling

Xuan Chen, Ruifen Liu, Defu Liu and Xiaokang Xin

Water 2023, 15(5), 914; DOI: 10.3390/w15050914

 

Article: A New Decision Support Tool for Evaluating the Impact of Stormwater Management Systems on Urban Runoff Pollution

Evi Vinck, Birgit De Bock, Tom Wambecq, Els Liekens and Rosalia Delgado

Water 2023, 15(5), 931; DOI: 10.3390/w15050931

 

Article: Robust Optimal Operation of Water Distribution Systems

Gal Perelman, Avi Ostfeld and Barak Fishbain

Water 2023, 15(5), 963; DOI: 10.3390/w15050963

 

Article: Abnormal Waves Observation and Analysis of the Mechanism in the Pearl River Estuary, South China

Hui Shi, Yao Luo, Fenghua Zhou, Chunhua Qiu, Dongxiao Wang and Zhenqiu Zhang

Water 2023, 15(5), 1001; DOI: 10.3390/w15051001

 

Article: Evaluation of the Gamma Law for Settling Velocity and Trapping Capacity Analysis of Suspended Particles in a Dam Reservoir (Lobo River in Côte d’Ivoire)

Bérenger Koffi, Martin Sanchez, Zilé Alex Kouadio, Michal Habel, Jules Sekedoua Kouadio, Kouamé Olivier Jean Kouadio, Dibi Brou and Kouakou Lazare Kouassi

Water 2023, 15(5), 840; DOI: 10.3390/w15050840

 

Water and One Health

Article: Application of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Coagulation Treatment Process of Urban Drinking Water Using Polyaluminium Chloride

Mohamed Yateh, George Lartey-Young, Fengting Li, Mei Li and Yulin Tang

Water 2023, 15(5), 853; DOI: 10.3390/w15050853

New Sensors, New Technologies and Machine Learning in Water Sciences

Article: Remote-Sensing Extraction of Small Water Bodies on the Loess Plateau

Jia Guo, Xiaoping Wang, Bin Liu, Ke Liu, Yong Zhang and Chenfeng Wang

Water 2023, 15(5), 866; DOI: 10.3390/w15050866

Article: Flood or Non-Flooded: A Comparative Study of State-of-the-Art Models for Flood Image Classification Using the FloodNet Dataset with Uncertainty Offset Analysis

Jehoiada Jackson, Sophyani Banaamwini Yussif, Rutherford Agbeshi Patamia, Kwabena Sarpong and Zhiguang Qin

Water 2023, 15(5), 875; DOI: 10.3390/w15050875

Article: Detection of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in Lake Tana, Ethiopia, Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Getachew Bayable, Ji Cai, Mulatie Mekonnen, Solomon Addisu Legesse, Kanako Ishikawa, Hiroki Imamura and Victor S. Kuwahara

Water 2023, 15(5), 880; DOI: 10.3390/w15050880

Article: Water Distribution Characteristics of Slopes Based on the High-Density Electrical Method

Xiaochun Lu, Xiao Liu, Bobo Xiong, Xue Cui, Bin Tian, Zhenglong Cai, Ning Shuang and Mi Zhou

Water 2023, 15(5), 895; DOI: 10.3390/w15050895

Article: Simulation and Key Physical Drivers of Primary Productivity in a Temperate Lake during the Ice-Covered Period: Based on the VGPM Model

Jie Zhang, Fei Xie, Haoming Song, Jingya Meng and Yiwen Zhang

Water 2023, 15(5), 918; DOI: 10.3390/w15050918

Article: Ice Mass Balance in Liaodong Bay: Modeling and Observations

Yuxian Ma, Dewen Ding, Ning Xu, Shuai Yuan and Wenqi Shi

Water 2023, 15(5), 943; DOI: 10.3390/w15050943

Article: Groundwater Potential Zone Mapping in the Ghaggar River Basin, North-West India, Using Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Ritambhara K. Upadhyay, Gaurav Tripathi, Bojan Đurin, Sanja Šamanović, Vlado Cetl, Naval Kishore, Mukta Sharma, Suraj Kumar Singh, Shruti Kanga, Md Wasim, Praveen Kumar Rai and Vinay Bhardwaj

Water 2023, 15(5), 961; DOI: 10.3390/w15050961

Article: Mapping of Groundwater, Flood, and Drought Potential Zones in Neom, Saudi Arabia, Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques

Talal Alharbi

Water 2023, 15(5), 966; DOI: 10.3390/w15050966

Article: Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of Construction Load on the Cutoff Wall in Reservoir Engineering

Yongshuai Sun, Anping Lei, Ke Yang and Guihe Wang

Water 2023, 15(5), 993; DOI: 10.3390/w15050993

Editorial: Sea, River, Lake Ice Properties and Their Applications in Practices

Zhijun Li, Tomasz Kolerski, Li Zhou, Xiaohong Shi, Zhengyong Zhang and Fang Li

Water 2023, 15(5), 899; DOI: 10.3390/w15050899

Editorial: Soft Computing and Machine Learning in Dam Engineering

Mohammad Amin Hariri-Ardebili, Fernando Salazar, Farhad Pourkamali-Anaraki, Guido Mazzà and Juan Mata

Water 2023, 15(5), 917; DOI: 10.3390/w15050917

Hydrogeology

Article: The Impact of Groundwater Model Parametrization on Calibration Fit and Prediction Accuracy—Assessment in the Form of a Post-Audit at the SLOVNAFT Oil Refinery Site, in Slovakia

Martin Zatlakovič, Dávid Krčmář, Kamila Hodasová, Ondra Sracek, Štefan Marenčák, Ľubica Durdiaková and Alexander Bugár

Water 2023, 15(5), 839; DOI: 10.3390/w15050839

 

Article: Numerical Simulation and Characterization of the Hydromechanical Alterations at the Zafarraya Fault Due to the 1884 Andalusia Earthquake (Spain)

Manuel Mudarra-Hernández, Juan Carlos Mosquera-Feijoo and Eugenio Sanz-Pérez

Water 2023, 15(5), 850; DOI: 10.3390/w15050850

 

Article: Combined Application of Hydrogeological and Geoelectrical Study in Groundwater Exploration in Karst-Granite Areas, Jiangxi Province

Jacob Lubang, Haifei Liu and Rujun Chen

Water 2023, 15(5), 865; DOI: 10.3390/w15050865

 

Article: Analysis of Large-Scale Groundwater-Driven Cooling Zones in Rivers Using Thermal Infrared Imagery and Radon Measurements

Milad Fakhari, Jasmin Raymond, Richard Martel, Jean-Philippe Drolet, Stephen J. Dugdale and Normand Bergeron

Water 2023, 15(5), 873; DOI: 10.3390/w15050873

 

Article: Combined Column Test for Characterization of Leaching and Transport of Trace Elements in Contaminated Soils

Karen Ane Skjennum, Helen K. French, Pasquale Carotenuto and Gudny Okkenhaug

Water 2023, 15(5), 874; DOI: 10.3390/w15050874

 

Article: Chemical and Isotopic Features of a High pCO₂ Natural Mineral Water from Essentuki Field (Caucasian Mineral Water Region, Russia)

Ekaterina I. Baranovskaya, Natalia A. Kharitonova, Georgy A. Chelnokov, Irina A. Tarasenko and Alexey A. Maslov

Water 2023, 15(5), 901; DOI: 10.3390/w15050901

 

Article: Source Water Apportionment Using Stable Isotopes for Typical Riparian Plants along the Manas River in Xinjiang, Northwest China

Maolin Ran, Hao Tian, Guang Yang, Xiaolong Li, Lijun Tian, Chunxian Kong, Bing Liu, Pengfei Li, Lianqing Xue, Fadong Li, Yi Li and Yongli Gao

Water 2023, 15(5), 927; DOI: 10.3390/w15050927

 

Article: Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Lake Water and Groundwater Chemistry in Hulun Lake, Northeast China

Wenlin Wang, Wenjing Li, Mengyong Xue, Xiaomin Gu, Chenghui Ye, Yanwen Jiao, Bo Liu, Yujie Han, Yi Tong and Xiaofei Zhang

Water 2023, 15(5), 937; DOI: 10.3390/w15050937

 

Article: Mechanism Study of Differential Permeability Evolution and Microscopic Pore Characteristics of Soft Clay under Saturated Seepage: A Case Study in Chongming East Shoal

Meng Yao, Qing Wang, Qingbo Yu, Jianzhong Wu, Hui Li, Jiaqi Dong, Weitong Xia, Yan Han and Xinlei Huang

Water 2023, 15(5), 968; DOI: 10.3390/w15050968

 

Article: A Method for Calibrating the Transient Storage Model from the Early and Late-Time Behavior of Breakthrough Curves

Eleonora Dallan, Andrea Bottacin-Busolin, Mattia Zaramella and Andrea Marion

Water 2023, 15(5), 979; DOI: 10.3390/w15050979

Soil and Water

Review: Understanding Climate Change and Heavy Metals in Coastal Areas: A Macroanalysis Assessment

Wen Jye Mok, Mazlan Abd Ghaffar, Mohd Iqbal Mohd Noor, Fathurrahman Lananan and Mohamad Nor Azra

Water 2023, 15(5), 891; DOI: 10.3390/w15050891

 

Article: Combined Effects of Cadmium and Azithromycin on Soil Nitrification Process

Fatma Beduk

Water 2023, 15(5), 881; DOI: 10.3390/w15050881

 

Article: The Interaction of Aeolian Sand and Slope on Runoff and Soil Loss on a Loess Slope via Simulated Rainfall under Laboratory Conditions

Zongping Ren, Jinjin Pan, Zhanbin Li, Peiqing Xiao, Zhenzhou Shen, Lu Jia and Xiaozheng Li

Water 2023, 15(5), 888; DOI: 10.3390/w15050888

 

Article: Chinese Violet Cress (Orychophragmusviolaceus L.) Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Response to Coupling Effects of Water–Nitrogen Application—A Case Study Using ¹⁵N Tracing Technique

Qiu Jin, Jian Tong, Yutian Yao, Chao Chen, Fan Wang, Hao Peng, Junjian You, Hiba Shaghaleh and Yousef Alhaj Hamoud

Water 2023, 15(5), 904; DOI: 10.3390/w15050904

 

Article: Employing Data Mining Algorithms and Mathematical Empirical Models for Predicting Wind Drift and Evaporation Losses of a Sprinkler Irrigation Method

Naji Mordi Naji Al-Dosary, Samy A. Maray, Saad A. Al-Hamed and Abdulwahed M. Aboukarima

Water 2023, 15(5), 922; DOI: 10.3390/w15050922

 

Article: Dissolved Nitrous Oxide in Shallow-Water Ecosystems under Saline-Alkali Environment

Qianwen Du, Dongli She, Yongchun Pan, Zhenqi Shi and Alimu Abulaiti

Water 2023, 15(5), 932; DOI: 10.3390/w15050932

Ecohydrology

Article: Evapotranspiration Partitioning Using a Process-Based Model over a Rainfed Maize Farmland in Northeast China

Nina Chen, Daniel R. Schlaepfer, Lifeng Zhang, William K. Lauenroth, Na Mi, Ruipeng Ji and Yushu Zhang

Water 2023, 15(5), 869; DOI: 10.3390/w15050869

 

Article: Atmospheric Exchange of Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor above a Tropical Sandy Coastal Plain

Jun-Ting Jia, Yang Xue, Jun-Fu Zhao, Zhong-Yang Yang, Shao-Feng Su, Xiao-Yan Wang, Zhi-Pan Lin, Guan-Ze Wang, Lian-Yan Yang and Xiang Zhang

Water 2023, 15(5), 877; DOI: 10.3390/w15050877

 

Article: Comprehensive Methodology and Analysis to Determine the Environmental Flow Regime in the Temporary Stream “La Yerbabuena” in Aguascalientes, Mexico

Isaí Gerardo Reyes-Cedeño, Martín Hernández-Marín, Anuard Isaac Pacheco-Guerrero and John P. Gannon

Water 2023, 15(5), 879; DOI: 10.3390/w15050879

 

Article: Historical Loss of Groundwater-Dependent Terrestrial Ecosystems in Undrained and Artificially Drained Landscapes in Denmark

Gasper L. Sechu, Bertel Nilsson, Bo V. Iversen, Mette B. Greve and Mogens H. Greve

Water 2023, 15(5), 946; DOI: 10.3390/w15050946

 

Article: Estimation of Precipitation Fraction in the Soil Water of the Hillslope Vineyard Using Stable Isotopes of Water

Zoran Kovač, Vedran Krevh, Lana Filipović, Jasmina Defterdarović, Borna-Ivan Balaž and Vilim Filipović

Water 2023, 15(5), 988; DOI: 10.3390/w15050988

Hydrology

Review: A Review of Advances in Groundwater Evapotranspiration Research

Xianglong Hou, Hui Yang, Jiansheng Cao, Wenzhao Feng and Yuan Zhang

Water 2023, 15(5), 969; DOI: 10.3390/w15050969

 

Article: Estimating the Role of Bank Flow to Stream Discharge Using a Combination of Baseflow Separation and Geochemistry

Harald Hofmann

Water 2023, 15(5), 844; DOI: 10.3390/w15050844

 

Article: Hydrological Vulnerability Assessment of Riverine Bridges: The Bajo Grau Bridge Case Study

Alain Jorge Espinoza Vigil and Julian Booker

Water 2023, 15(5), 846; DOI: 10.3390/w15050846

 

Article: Predictive Modelling of Reference Evapotranspiration Using Machine Learning Models Coupled with Grey Wolf Optimizer

Pangam Heramb, K. V. Ramana Rao, A. Subeesh and Ankur Srivastava

Water 2023, 15(5), 856; DOI: 10.3390/w15050856

 

Article: Potential Analysis of Atmospheric Water Harvesting Technologies from the Perspective of “Trading-in Energy for Water”

Hou-Jun Li, Liang Cheng, Peng Sun, Fang-Fang Li and Jun Qiu

Water 2023, 15(5), 878; DOI: 10.3390/w15050878

 

Article: Study on the Soil Deterioration Mechanism in the Subsidence Zone of the Wildcat Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Ruihong Wang, Kaiqiang Zhao, Can Wei, Xuan Li, Mingxin Li and Jianfeng Zhang

Water 2023, 15(5), 886; DOI: 10.3390/w15050886

 

Article: Mapping and Assessment of Flood Risk in the Wadi Al-Lith Basin, Saudi Arabia

Ibrahim H. Elsebaie, Atef Q. Kawara and Ali O. Alnahit

Water 2023, 15(5), 902; DOI: 10.3390/w15050902

 

Article: Streamflow Estimation in a Mediterranean Watershed Using Neural Network Models: A Detailed Description of the Implementation and Optimization

Ana Ramos Oliveira, Tiago Brito Ramos and Ramiro Neves

Water 2023, 15(5), 947; DOI: 10.3390/w15050947

 

Article: Mutation Characteristics of Precipitation Concentration Spatiotemporal Variation and Its Potential Correlation with Low-Frequency Climate Factors in the LRB Area from 1960 to 2020

Lu Zhang, Qing Cao and Kanglong Liu

Water 2023, 15(5), 955; DOI: 10.3390/w15050955

 

Article: A Case Study: Groundwater Level Forecasting of the Gyorae Area in Actual Practice on Jeju Island Using Deep-Learning Technique

Deokhwan Kim, Cheolhee Jang, Jeonghyeon Choi and Jaewon Kwak

Water 2023, 15(5), 972; DOI: 10.3390/w15050972

 

Article: The Copula Application for Analysis of the Flood Threat at the River Confluences in the Danube River Basin in Slovakia

Veronika Bačová Mitková, Dana Halmová, Pavla Pekárová and Pavol Miklánek

Water 2023, 15(5), 984; DOI: 10.3390/w15050984

 

Article: Two-Dimensional Modelling for Dam Break Analysis and Flood Hazard Mapping: A Case Study of Papadia Dam, Northern Greece

Christos Mattas, Dimitris Karpouzos, Pantazis Georgiou and Theodoros Tsapanos

Water 2023, 15(5), 994; DOI: 10.3390/w15050994

Wastewater Treatment and Reuse

Review: Recent Advancement in Commercial and Other Sustainable Techniques for Energy and Material Recovery from Sewage Sludge

Mohd Imran Siddiqui, Hasan Rameez, Izharul Haq Farooqi and Farrukh Basheer

Water 2023, 15(5), 948; DOI: 10.3390/w15050948

 

Article: Measurement of Total Air Entrainment, Disentrainment and Net Entrainment Flow Rates Utilizing Novel Downcomer Incorporating Al-Anzi’s Disentrainment Ring (ADR) in a Confined Plunging Jet Reactor

Bader S. Al-Anzi and Jenifer Fernandes

Water 2023, 15(5), 835; DOI: 10.3390/w15050835

 

Article: Analysis of the Salinity of the Vistula River Based on Patrol Monitoring and State Environmental Monitoring

Andrzej Woźnica, Damian Absalon, Magdalena Matysik, Małgorzata Bąk, Anna Cieplok, Dariusz Halabowski, Adrianna Koczorowska, Mariola Krodkiewska, Marcin Libera, Edyta Sierka, Aneta Spyra, Robert Czerniawski, Łukasz Sługocki and Bartosz Łozowski

Water 2023, 15(5), 838; DOI: 10.3390/w15050838

 

Article: Field Evaluation of UF Filtration Pretreatment Impact on RO Membrane Scaling

Yakubu A. Jarma, John Thompson, Bilal M. Khan and Yoram Cohen

Water 2023, 15(5), 847; DOI: 10.3390/w15050847

 

Article: Performance Comparison of Different Cathode Strategies on Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cells: Coal Fly Ash as a Cathode Catalyst

Asimina Tremouli, Pavlos K. Pandis, Theofilos Kamperidis, Christos Argirusis, Vassilis N. Stathopoulos and Gerasimos Lyberatos

Water 2023, 15(5), 862; DOI: 10.3390/w15050862

 

Article: An Innovative Sorption Technology for Removing Microplastics from Wastewater

Marketa Spacilova, Pavel Dytrych, Martin Lexa, Lenka Wimmerova, Pavel Masin, Robert Kvacek and Olga Solcova

Water 2023, 15(5), 892; DOI: 10.3390/w15050892

 

Article: Microplastics Removal from a Plastic Recycling Industrial Wastewater Using Sand Filtration

Muhammad Umar, Cecilie Singdahl-Larsen and Sissel Brit Ranneklev

Water 2023, 15(5), 896; DOI: 10.3390/w15050896

 

Article: Life Cycle Analysis of Lab-Scale Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater and Landfill Leachate from Municipal Solid Waste: A Comparative Assessment

Md. Kawser Alam, Md. Al Sadikul Islam, Tanveer Saeed, Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman and Nehreen Majed

Water 2023, 15(5), 909; DOI: 10.3390/w15050909

 

Article: Study on the Occurrence of Artificial Sweeteners, Parabens, and Other Emerging Contaminants in Hospital Wastewater Using LC-QToF-MS Target Screening Approach

Olga S. Arvaniti, Georgios Gkotsis, Maria-Christina Nika, Stelios Gyparakis, Thrassyvoulos Manios, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Michalis S. Fountoulakis and Athanasios S. Stasinakis

Water 2023, 15(5), 936; DOI: 10.3390/w15050936

 

Article: Analysis of the Effect of the Use of Food Waste Disposers on Wastewater Treatment Plant and Greenhouse Gas Emission Characteristics

Dowan Kim and Chaegun Phae

Water 2023, 15(5), 940; DOI: 10.3390/w15050940

 

Article: Design of a Spherical Ga₂O₃/ZnO Composite with a Snakeberry-like Structure for Methyl Orange Degradation

Hongyu Xie, Guangzhu Liu, Zelin Chen, Xintong Xu and Chong Wei

Water 2023, 15(5), 952; DOI: 10.3390/w15050952

 

Article: Beyond the Black Box of Life Cycle Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Which Help from Bioassays?

Michele Menghini, Roberta Pedrazzani, Donatella Feretti, Giovanna Mazzoleni, Nathalie Steimberg, Chiara Urani, Ilaria Zerbini and Giorgio Bertanza

Water 2023, 15(5), 960; DOI: 10.3390/w15050960

 

Article: Assessment of Water Resources Pollution Associated with Mining Activities in the Parac Subbasin of the Rimac River

Julio Cesar Minga, Francisco Javier Elorza, Ramon Rodriguez, Alfredo Iglesias and Doris Esenarro

Water 2023, 15(5), 965; DOI: 10.3390/w15050965

 

Article: Removal of Naphthalene, Fluorene and Phenanthrene by Recyclable Oil Palm Leaves’ Waste Activated Carbon Supported Nano Zerovalent Iron (N-OPLAC) Composite in Wastewater

Hifsa Khurshid, Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa and Zeyneb Kilic

Water 2023, 15(5), 967; DOI: 10.3390/w15050967

 

Article: Analysis of Heavy Metal Contamination in Macroalgae from Surface Waters in Djelfa, Algeria

Meriem Dehbi, Faouzia Dehbi, Muhammad Imran Kanjal, Hichem Tahraoui, Meriem Zamouche, Abdeltif Amrane, Aymen Amine Assadi, Amina Hadadi and Lotfi Mouni

Water 2023, 15(5), 974; DOI: 10.3390/w15050974

 

Article: Performance, Modeling, and Cost Analysis of Chemical Coagulation-Assisted Solar Powered Electrocoagulation Treatment System for Pharmaceutical Wastewater

Tharaa M. Al-Zghoul, Zakaria Al-Qodah and Ahmad Al-Jamrah

Water 2023, 15(5), 980; DOI: 10.3390/w15050980

 

Article: Response Surface Modelling of Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Seaweed, Coconut Shell and Oak Wood Hydrochars

Eric Danso-Boateng, Melissa Fitzsimmons, Andrew B. Ross and Ted Mariner

Water 2023, 15(5), 977; DOI: 10.3390/w15050977

 

Article: Comparative Study on the Decontamination Efficacy of Peelable Coatings for Heavy Metals Removal

Gabriela Toader, Daniela Pulpea, Aurel Diacon, Edina Rusen, Raluca Elena Ginghina, Traian Rotariu, Alice Ionela Podaru, Andreea Elena Moldovan, Maria Gavrilescu, Ana-Mihaela Gavrila and Bogdan Trica

Water 2023, 15(5), 982; DOI: 10.3390/w15050982

 

Article: Analysis of Water-Lifting Aerator Performance Based on the Volume of Fluid Method

Zhiying Chang and Tinglin Huang

Water 2023, 15(5), 991; DOI: 10.3390/w15050991

 

Article: Feasibility of Achieving Efficient Nitrite Accumulation in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor: The Influencing Factors, Microbial Structures, and Biofilm Characteristics

Hongyi Li, Zhaoxia Xue, Tongxin Yin, Tingfeng Liu and Zhixin Hu

Water 2023, 15(5), 998; DOI: 10.3390/w15050998

 

Systematic Review: Review of Water Reuse from a Circular Economy Perspective

Evaristo Fernandes and Rui Cunha Marques

Water 2023, 15(5), 848; DOI: 10.3390/w15050848

Article: Detection of the Bedload Movement with an Acoustic Sensor in the Yangtze River, China

Mi Tian, Shengfa Yang and Peng Zhang

Water 2023, 15(5), 939; DOI: 10.3390/w15050939

 

Article: Effect of an Organic Fertilizer of Ganoderma lucidum Residue on the Physical and Chemical Properties and Microbial Communities of Saline Alkaline Soil

Pan-Bo Deng, Li-Peng Guo, Hui-Ting Yang, Xiao-Yun Leng, Yue-Ming Wang, Jie Bi and Chun-Fang Shi

Water 2023, 15(5), 962; DOI: 10.3390/w15050962

 

Article: Analysis of the Effect of Pore Water Pressure on a Small Radius Curve Section of a Fine Sand Layer under Cyclic Metro

Xiaorui Wang, Xu Liu, Yunhong Lin and Fei Tan

Water 2023, 15(5), 981; DOI: 10.3390/w15050981

Water and Climate Change

Article: Utilizing Satellite Data to Establish Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves for Major Cities in Iraq

Sarah Jabbar Zeri, Mohammed Magdy Hamed, Xiaojun Wang and Shamsuddin Shahid

Water 2023, 15(5), 852; DOI: 10.3390/w15050852

 

Article: RiTiCE: River Flow Timing Characteristics and Extremes in the Arctic Region

Abolfazl Jalali Shahrood, Amirhossein Ahrari, Pekka M. Rossi, Björn Klöve and Ali Torabi Haghighi

Water 2023, 15(5), 861; DOI: 10.3390/w15050861

 

Article: Quantitative Flood Risk Assessment in Drammenselva River, Norway

Seble Fissha Hailemariam and Knut Alfredsen

Water 2023, 15(5), 920; DOI: 10.3390/w15050920

 

Article: Integrated Effects of Water Stress and Plastic Film Mulch on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Grain Maize Crop under Conventional and Alternate Furrow Irrigation Method

Xiufang Yang, Rajesh Kumar Soothar, Aftab Ahmed Rahu, Yaosheng Wang, Bin Li, Muhammad Uris Mirjat, Shoukat Ali Soomro, Sher Ali Shaikh and Farman Ali Chandio

Water 2023, 15(5), 924; DOI: 10.3390/w15050924

 

Article: Chironomid-Based Modern Summer Temperature Data Set and Inference Model for the Northwest European Part of Russia

Larisa Nazarova, Liudmila Syrykh, Ivan Grekov, Tatiana Sapelko, Andrey B. Krasheninnikov and Nadia Solovieva

Water 2023, 15(5), 976; DOI: 10.3390/w15050976

 

Article: Historical Drought Events in the Early Years of Qing Dynasty in Shanxi Based on Hydrological Reconstructions

Yanping Qu, Xuejun Zhang, Jingyu Zeng, Zhe Li and Juan Lv

Water 2023, 15(5), 995; DOI: 10.3390/w15050995

 

Water Resources Management, Policy and Governance

Article: Feature Extraction and Prediction of Water Quality Based on Candlestick Theory and Deep Learning Methods

Rui Xu, Wenjie Wu, Yanpeng Cai, Hang Wan, Jian Li, Qin Zhu and Shiming Shen

Water 2023, 15(5), 845; DOI: 10.3390/w15050845

Article: Extreme Flood Levels during the Operation of Cascade Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Lower Yangtze River in 2020

Hua Ge and Lingling Zhu

Water 2023, 15(5), 851; DOI: 10.3390/w15050851

Article: Dynamic Data-Driven Ship Motion Simulation toward Visual-Aided Navigation on Water

Zongmo Yang, Qianfeng Jing and Xiaochen Li

Water 2023, 15(5), 872; DOI: 10.3390/w15050872

Article: Evaluating Nature-Based Solutions for Water Management in Peri-Urban Areas

Sarah E. Hale, Loretta von der Tann, Alanna J. Rebelo, Karen J. Esler, Ana Paula Morais de Lima, Aline F. Rodrigues, Agnieszka Ewa Latawiec, Nancy Andrea Ramírez-Agudelo, Elisabet Roca Bosch, Lina Suleiman, Nandita Singh and Amy M. P. Oen

Water 2023, 15(5), 893; DOI: 10.3390/w15050893

Article: Impacts of Climate Change on Natural Runoff in the Yellow River Basin of China during 1961–2020

Zuoqiang Han, Qiting Zuo, Chunqing Wang and Rong Gan

Water 2023, 15(5), 929; DOI: 10.3390/w15050929

Article: Multi-Annual Dynamics of a Coastal Groundwater System with Soil-Aquifer Treatment and Its Impact on the Fate of Trace Organic Compounds

Quentin Guillemoto, Géraldine Picot-Colbeaux, Danièle Valdes, Nicolas Devau, Charlotte Thierion, Déborah Idier, Frédéric A. Mathurin, Marie Pettenati, Jean-Marie Mouchel and Wolfram Kloppmann

Water 2023, 15(5), 934; DOI: 10.3390/w15050934

Article: Development and Application of a New Auxiliary Diversion Structure for Mountain Ship Lock: A Case Study of Wuqiangxi Lock in China

Chunfeng Qi, Xiaogang Pu, Wei Peng, Qunan Ouyang, Danyuan Wang, Zhe Liu and Fei Wang

Water 2023, 15(5), 941; DOI: 10.3390/w15050941

Article: Successive-Station Streamflow Prediction and Precipitation Uncertainty Analysis in the Zarrineh River Basin Using a Machine Learning Technique

Mahdi Nakhaei, Fereydoun Ghazban, Pouria Nakhaei, Mohammad Gheibi, Stanisław Wacławek and Mehdi Ahmadi

Water 2023, 15(5), 999; DOI: 10.3390/w15050999

Water Quality and Contamination

Review: Impact of Antibiotic Pollution on the Bacterial Population within Surface Water with Special Focus on Mountain Rivers

Klaudia Kulik, Anna Lenart-Boroń and Kinga Wyrzykowska

Water 2023, 15(5), 975; DOI: 10.3390/w15050975

Article: Research on Water Quality Assessment Using the Water Quality Index for the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project

Xiaochen Yang, Jinjin Li, Xiaobo Liu, Jijun Gao, Fei Dong, Aiping Huang, Yang Lei, Wei Wang, Zhiyuan Tong and Jiajia Long

Water 2023, 15(5), 842; DOI: 10.3390/w15050842

Article: Water Quality Indicator for Adaptability to Global Climate Change in Andean Highland Ecosystems

Carmen O. Márquez, Victor J. García and Anita C. Ríos

Water 2023, 15(5), 857; DOI: 10.3390/w15050857

Article: Study on the Adsorption Relationship between Organic Matter and Particulate Matter in Water Distribution Pipes

Zhiling Zhao, Lu Wang, Dongdong Wang and Tianneng Lai

Water 2023, 15(5), 859; DOI: 10.3390/w15050859

Article: Water Quality Modeling in Headwater Catchments: Comprehensive Data Assessment, Model Development and Simulation of Scenarios

Nicolas Fernandez and Luis A. Camacho

Water 2023, 15(5), 868; DOI: 10.3390/w15050868

Article: Assessment of Groundwater Decontamination Processes around a Dismantled Septic Tank Using GIS and Statistical Analysis

Tamás Mester, György Szabó, Zsófi Sajtos, Edina Baranyai, Emőke Kiss and Dániel Balla

Water 2023, 15(5), 884; DOI: 10.3390/w15050884

Article: The Influence of pH on Subsurface Denitrification Stimulated with Emulsified Vegetable Oil

Veronica L. Gonsalez, Paul M. Dombrowski, Michael D. Lee and C. Andrew Ramsburg

Water 2023, 15(5), 883; DOI: 10.3390/w15050883

Article: Hydrochemical Characterization and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in Hatiya Island, Southeastern Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Mahir Tajwar, Ashraf Uddin, Ming-Kuo Lee, Jake Nelson, Anwar Zahid and Nazmus Sakib

Water 2023, 15(5), 905; DOI: 10.3390/w15050905

Article: Treatment of Fly-Ash-Contaminated Wastewater Loaded with Heavy Metals by Using Fly-Ash-Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Virendra Kumar Yadav, Abdelfattah Amari, Amel Gacem, Noureddine Elboughdiri, Lienda Bashier Eltayeb and M. H. Fulekar

Water 2023, 15(5), 908; DOI: 10.3390/w15050908

Article: Influence of Water Treatment Technology on the Stability of Tap Water

Andżelika Domoń, Dorota Papciak and Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak

Water 2023, 15(5), 911; DOI: 10.3390/w15050911

Article: Microplastic Toxicity and Trophic Transfer in Freshwater Organisms: Ecotoxicological and Genotoxic Assessment in Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. and Echinogammarus veneris (Heller, 1865) Treated with Polyethylene Microparticles

Valentina Iannilli, Laura Passatore, Serena Carloni, Francesca Lecce, Giulia Sciacca, Massimo Zacchini and Fabrizio Pietrini

Water 2023, 15(5), 921; DOI: 10.3390/w15050921

Article: Fluorine-Rich Shallow Groundwater in Weigan River Basin (Xinjiang): Enrichment Factors and Spatial Distribution

Tianchao Liu, Fengjun Shao, Zizhao Zhang and Tong Li

Water 2023, 15(5), 926; DOI: 10.3390/w15050926

Article: Application of Drifted Pumice Stone as a Sand-Capping Material

Tetsunori Inoue and Isamu Fujita

Water 2023, 15(5), 942; DOI: 10.3390/w15050942

Article: New Green and Sustainable Tool for Assessing Nitrite and Nitrate Amounts in a Variety of Environmental Waters

H. R. Robles-Jimarez, N. Jornet-Martínez and P. Campíns-Falcó

Water 2023, 15(5), 945; DOI: 10.3390/w15050945

Article: Adsorption of Low-Concentration Ammonia Nitrogen from Water on Alkali-Modified Coal Fly Ash: Characterization and Mechanism

Yuyan Zhao, Hanwen Luan, Binghan Yang, Zhenghe Li, Meitong Song, Bing Li and Xiaodan Tang

Water 2023, 15(5), 956; DOI: 10.3390/w15050956

Article: Impact of Artificial Islands and Reefs on Water Quality in Jinmeng Bay, China

Jiadong Fan, Cuiping Kuang, Huixin Liu, Dan Wang, Jiantao Liu, Gang Wang and Qingping Zou

Water 2023, 15(5), 959; DOI: 10.3390/w15050959

Article: Geochemical Features of River Runoff and Their Effect on the State of the Aquatic Environment of Lake Onego

Natalia Kulik, Natalia Efremenko, Vera Strakhovenko, Natalia Belkina, Galina Borodulina, Ekaterina Gatalskaya, Viktor Malov and Igor Tokarev

Water 2023, 15(5), 964; DOI: 10.3390/w15050964

Article: Distribution Characteristics of Dissolved Oxygen in Spring in the Northern Coastal Beibu Gulf, a Typical Subtropical Bay

Qiwen Zheng, Hui Zhao, Yuzhen Shi and Meina Duan

Water 2023, 15(5), 970; DOI: 10.3390/w15050970

Article: Groundwater Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality in Egypt’s Central Eastern Desert

Ahmed Saleh, Ahmed Gad, Alaa Ahmed, Hasan Arman and Hassan I. Farhat

Water 2023, 15(5), 971; DOI: 10.3390/w15050971

Article: Impact of a Sand Filtration Pretreatment Step on High-Loaded Greywater Treatment by an Electrocoagulation Technique

Khalid Bani-Melhem, Abeer Al Bsoul, Zakaria Al-Qodah, Nada Al-Ananzeh, Muhammad Rasool Al-Kilani, Mohammad Al-Shannag and Walid Bani-Salameh

Water 2023, 15(5), 990; DOI: 10.3390/w15050990

Article: Refined Calculation of Multi-Objective Ecological Flow in Rivers, North China

Yufei Jiao, Jia Liu, Chuanzhe Li, Zhenghe Xu and Yingjie Cui

Water 2023, 15(5), 1003; DOI: 10.3390/w15051003

 

Urban Water Management

Review: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Bioretention Cells for Urban Stormwater Management: A Systematic Review

Shaahin Nazarpour, Ilaria Gnecco and Anna Palla

Water 2023, 15(5), 913; DOI: 10.3390/w15050913

Article: Morphometric Parameters and Geospatial Analysis for Flash Flood Susceptibility Assessment: A Case Study of Jeddah City along the Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia

Bashar Bashir

Water 2023, 15(5), 870; DOI: 10.3390/w15050870

Article: Setting a Baseline Residential Water Demand Management Solution in Urban Towns of Ethiopia

Mosisa Teferi Timotewos, Matthias Barjenbruch and Beshah M. Behailu

Water 2023, 15(5), 930; DOI: 10.3390/w15050930

Article: Water Disconnection and Vital Flow Policies: International Practices in Medium- and High-Income Countries

Rui Cunha Marques, Pedro Simões, Inês Machete and Thalita Fagundes

Water 2023, 15(5), 935; DOI: 10.3390/w15050935

Article: Urban Drainage: The Challenges and Failure Assessment Using AHP, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Mengistu A. Jemberie, Assefa M. Melesse and Brook Abate

Water 2023, 15(5), 957; DOI: 10.3390/w15050957

Article: Optimizing Low Impact Development for Stormwater Runoff Treatment: A Case Study in Yixing, China

Qian Cao, Jiashun Cao and Runze Xu

Water 2023, 15(5), 989; DOI: 10.3390/w15050989

Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics

Article: Rapid Filling Analysis with an Entrapped Air Pocket in Water Pipelines Using a 3D CFD Model

Duban A. Paternina-Verona, Oscar E. Coronado-Hernández, Hector G. Espinoza-Román, Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel and Helena M. Ramos

Water 2023, 15(5), 834; DOI: 10.3390/w15050834

Article: Experimental Study on Neck Cutoff in Meandering River under Variable Discharges

Xinyu Wu, Xuyue Hu and Xiang Zhang

Water 2023, 15(5), 841; DOI: 10.3390/w15050841

Article: Calculation of Head Losses and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Crossing Water-Conveyance Structures of Main Canal of Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project

Wei Cui, Wenxue Chen, Xiangpeng Mu, Qilin Xiong and Minglong Lu

Water 2023, 15(5), 871; DOI: 10.3390/w15050871

Article: Analysis of Mixing Patterns of River Confluences through 3D Spatial Interpolation of Sensor Measurement Data

Chang Hyun Lee, Kyung Dong Kim, Siwan Lyu, Dong Su Kim and Young Do Kim

Water 2023, 15(5), 925; DOI: 10.3390/w15050925

Article: Real-Time Simulation of Hydraulic Fracturing Using a Combined Integrated Finite Difference and Discontinuous Displacement Method: Numerical Algorithm and Field Applications

Shihao Wang, Xiangyu Yu, Philip H. Winterfeld and Yu-Shu Wu

Water 2023, 15(5), 938; DOI: 10.3390/w15050938

Article: Geometry of Local Scour Holes at Boulder-like Obstacles during Unsteady Flow Conditions and Varying Submergence

Oliver Schlömer and Jürgen Herget

Water 2023, 15(5), 958; DOI: 10.3390/w15050958

Article: A New Cross-Flow Type Turbine for Ultra-Low Head in Streams and Channels

Calogero Picone, Marco Sinagra, Luana Gurnari, Tullio Tucciarelli and Pasquale G. F. Filianoti

Water 2023, 15(5), 973; DOI: 10.3390/w15050973

Article: Large-Eddy Simulation of Compound Channels with Staged Floodplains: Flow Interactions and Turbulent Structures

Prateek Kumar Singh, Xiaonan Tang and Hamidreza Rahimi

Water 2023, 15(5), 983; DOI: 10.3390/w15050983

Biodiversity and Functionality of Aquatic Ecosystems

Review: An Overview of Ecological Indicators of Fish to Evaluate the Anthropogenic Pressures in Aquatic Ecosystems: From Traditional to Innovative DNA-Based Approaches

Maurizio Pinna, Francesco Zangaro, Benedetta Saccomanno, Chiara Scalone, Fabio Bozzeda, Lucia Fanini and Valeria Specchia

Water 2023, 15(5), 949; DOI: 10.3390/w15050949

Article: Characterizing Free-Living and Particle-Attached Bacterial Communities of a Shallow Lake on the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau, China

Yanjun Wang, Xiaohong Shi, Shengnan Zhao, Biao Sun, Yu Liu, Wenbao Li, Haifeng Yu, Zhiqiang Tian, Xin Guo, Yujiao Shi, Zhimou Cui and Hao Zhang

Water 2023, 15(5), 836; DOI: 10.3390/w15050836

Article: Microplastics Affect Rates of Locomotion and Reproduction via Dietary Uptake in Globally Invasive Snail Physa acuta

Nisha Kumari, Banaja Prakashini Samantaray, Abhishek Patel and Ram Kumar

Water 2023, 15(5), 928; DOI: 10.3390/w15050928

Article: Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Communities in Neutral Mine Drainage in Central Slovakian Neovolcanites (Slovakia)

Veronika Prepilková, Zuzana Perháčová, Marián Schwarz and Katarína Trnková

Water 2023, 15(5), 951; DOI: 10.3390/w15050951

Article: Cyanobacterial Blooms Increase Functional Diversity of Metazooplankton in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake

Xue Tian, Yuxiang Yuan, Yuanchun Zou, Lei Qin, Xiaoyan Zhu, Yu Zhu, Yuxi Zhao, Mengyu Jiang and Ming Jiang

Water 2023, 15(5), 953; DOI: 10.3390/w15050953

Article: Hard-Bottom Polychaetes Exposed to Multiple Human Pressure along the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt

Rasha Hamdy, Noha Elebiary, Faiza Abdel Naby, Jacopo Borghese, Mohamed Dorgham, Amira Hamdan and Luigi Musco

Water 2023, 15(5), 997; DOI: 10.3390/w15050997

Oceans and Coastal Zones

Article: Implications of a Large River Discharge on the Dynamics of a Tide-Dominated Amazonian Estuary

Ariane M. M. Silva, Hannah E. Glover, Mariah E. Josten, Vando J. C. Gomes, Andrea S. Ogston and Nils E. Asp

Water 2023, 15(5), 849; DOI: 10.3390/w15050849

Article: Assessment of the Hydrological Conditions of Carps Spawning Grounds in the Sylhet Haor Basins, and the Halda River System, Bangladesh

Kazi Rabeya Akther, Petra Schneider, Sohel Mian, Mohammad Amzad Hossain and Nirmal Chandra Roy

Water 2023, 15(5), 855; DOI: 10.3390/w15050855

Article: Comparison Study on Climate Changes between the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and Areas around the Baltic Sea

Bing Wang, Jinpeng Zhang, Jie Yang, Jing Zheng, Yanhong Xu and Wenguang Chai

Water 2023, 15(5), 912; DOI: 10.3390/w15050912

Article: Effects of Wave Height, Period and Sea Level on Barred Beach Profile Evolution: Revisiting the Roller Slope in a Beach Morphodynamic Model

Guangsheng Wang, Yuan Li, Chi Zhang, Zilin Wang, Weiqi Dai and Shanhang Chi

Water 2023, 15(5), 923; DOI: 10.3390/w15050923

Article: Spatial Distribution of Pine Pollen Grains Concentrations as a Source of Biologically Active Substances in Surface Waters of the Southern Baltic Sea

Magdalena Maria Pawlik and Dariusz Ficek

Water 2023, 15(5), 978; DOI: 10.3390/w15050978

 

Water Erosion and Sediment Transport

Review: Research Progress of Dike Leak Rescue Technology

Guoqing Yu and Chenchen Li

Water 2023, 15(5), 903; DOI: 10.3390/w15050903

Article: Transport of Sediment Mixtures in Steady Flow with an Extra Contribution of Their Finest Fractions: Laboratory Tests and Modeling

Jerzy Zawisza, Iwona Radosz, Jarosław Biegowski and Leszek M. Kaczmarek

Water 2023, 15(5), 832; DOI: 10.3390/w15050832

Article: Local Scour Reduction around Cylindrical Piers Using Permeable Collars in Clear Water

Hongliang Qi, Tiangang Yuan, Fei Zhao, Guishan Chen, Weiping Tian and Jiachun Li

Water 2023, 15(5), 897; DOI: 10.3390/w15050897

Water Use and Scarcity

Review: Advances in Assessing the Reliability of Water Distribution Networks: A Bibliometric Analysis and Scoping Review

Swati Sirsant, Mohamed A. Hamouda and Mostafa F. Shaaban

Water 2023, 15(5), 986; DOI: 10.3390/w15050986

Article: Rainwater Catchment System Reliability Analysis for Al Abila Dam in Iraq’s Western Desert

Ammar Adham, Rasha Abed, Karrar Mahdi, Waqed H. Hassan, Michel Riksen and Coen Ritsema

Water 2023, 15(5), 944; DOI: 10.3390/w15050944

Water, Agriculture and Aquaculture

Article: Niche Analysis of the Main Fish in the Lhasa River Basin

He Gao, Haiping Liu, Qiming Wang, Fei Liu, Junting Li, Yuting Duan, Luowu Zeren, Suxing Fu, Jingsen Zhang, Yan Zhou, Yan Li and Chaowei Zhou

Water 2023, 15(5), 860; DOI: 10.3390/w15050860

Article: Simulation of Crop Productivity for Guinea Grass (Megathyrsus maximus) Using AquaCrop under Different Water Regimes

César Augusto Terán-Chaves, José Edwin Mojica-Rodríguez, Alexander Vega-Amante and Sonia Mercedes Polo-Murcia

Water 2023, 15(5), 863; DOI: 10.3390/w15050863

Article: Effects of Shelter on the Hatching, Immune Performance, and Profitability of the Ovigerous Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii under High Stocking Density

Lirong Qin, Chao Guo, Mantang Xiong, Kun Gong, Jiashou Liu, Tanglin Zhang and Wei Li

Water 2023, 15(5), 907; DOI: 10.3390/w15050907

General

Review: A Review on the Stability, Sustainability, Storage and Rejuvenation of Aerobic Granular Sludge for Wastewater Treatment

K. S. Shameem and P. C. Sabumon

Water 2023, 15(5), 950; DOI: 10.3390/w15050950

Article: Experimental Evaluation of Tubular Flocculator Implemented in the Field for Drinking Water Supply: Application in the Developing World

Fernando García-Ávila, Angel Méndez-Heredia, Alex Trelles-Agurto, Esteban Sánchez-Cordero, Emigdio Antonio Alfaro-Paredes, Freddy Criollo-Illescas, María D. Tonon-Ordoñez and Gina Heredia-Cabrera

Water 2023, 15(5), 833; DOI: 10.3390/w15050833

Article: Comparative Study of Two Organic Wastes as Adsorbents in the Treatment of Water Rich in Nitrogen Compounds

Thais Fernandes Neulls, Paulo Leonardo Santos Gouveia, Carlos Drielson da Silva Pereira, Camilla Stephane Dias Souza, Fernanda Nayr Sena Chaves, Isabela Nascimento Souza, Rudys Rodolfo de Jesus Tavarez, Amanda Silva dos Santos Aliança, Maria Cláudia Gonçalves, Wolia Costa Gomes, Darlan Ferreira da Silva, Maria Raimunda Chagas Silva, Fabrício Brito Silva, Álvaro Silva Lima, Edelvio de Barros Gomes and Rita de Cássia M. de Miranda

Water 2023, 15(5), 876; DOI: 10.3390/w15050876

Article: Impact of Red Sludge Dumps, Originating from Industrial Activity, on the Soil and Underground Water

Olimpia Smaranda Mintaș, Cristina Simeanu, Octavian Berchez, Daniela Camelia Marele, Adrian Gheorghe Osiceanu and Teodor Rusu

Water 2023, 15(5), 898; DOI: 10.3390/w15050898

Article: Unravelling Nutrients and Carbon Interactions in an Urban Coastal Water during Algal Bloom Period in Zhanjiang Bay, China

Jibiao Zhang, Miaojian Fu, Peng Zhang, Dong Sun and Demeng Peng

Water 2023, 15(5), 900; DOI: 10.3390/w15050900

Article: Wave Effects on the Initial Dilution of Untreated Wastewater Discharge for Santa Marta’s Submarine Outfall (Colombia)

Francisco-Fernando García-Rentería, Gustavo Ariel Chang Nieto and Gustavo Hernández Cortés

Water 2023, 15(5), 919; DOI: 10.3390/w15050919

Article: The Impact of Water Resources Tax Policy on Water Saving Behavior

Lei Wang, Muniba, Zoltán Lakner and József Popp

Water 2023, 15(5), 916; DOI: 10.3390/w15050916

Article: Quantification of the Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidant Cyanox 1790 in Bottled Water with SPE-HPLC/MS/MS and Determination of the Impact of the Use of Recycled Packaging on Its Generation

Joaquín Hernández-Fernández, Rodrigo Ortega-Toro and John R. Castro-Suarez

Water 2023, 15(5), 933; DOI: 10.3390/w15050933

Article: Aquavoltaics Feasibility Assessment: Synergies of Solar PV Power Generation and Aquaculture Production

Moslem Imani, Hoda Fakour, Shang-Lien Lo, Mei-Hua Yuan, Chih-Kuei Chen, Shariat Mobasser and Isara Muangthai

Water 2023, 15(5), 987; DOI: 10.3390/w15050987

Article: Numerical Simulation of Drilling Fluid Flow in Centrifugal Pumps

Jianxin Hu, Ke Li, Wenfeng Su and Xinyi Zhao

Water 2023, 15(5), 992; DOI: 10.3390/w15050992

Article: The Performance of Carbonate-Modified Nonionic Surfactants in Microplastic Flotation

Daniel Brüggemann, Tahereh Shojamejer, Michelle Tupinamba Lima, Dzenna Zukova, Rahel Marschall and Reinhard Schomäcker

Water 2023, 15(5), 1000; DOI: 10.3390/w15051000

 

Special Issues Open for Submissions Global Vulnerability and Responses of Marine Fauna to Climate Change (Deadline: 5 April 2023) Human Impacts on Estuaries and Coasts (Deadline: 6 April 2023) Sustainable Remediation Using Metallic Iron: Quo Vadis? (Deadline: 10 April 2023) Interference Hydrology-Interference of Human Activities on Hydrological System (Deadline: 10 April 2023) Hydrological Extreme Events and Climate Changes (Deadline: 14 April 2023) To access the full list of Special Issues, please click here

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Recent Special Issue Reprints Insights into Organic Carbon, Iron, Metals and Phosphorus Dynamics in Freshwaters Liudmila S. Shirokova (Ed.) ISBN 978-3-0365-6744-0 (Hbk) ; ISBN 978-3-0365-6745-7 (PDF) DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-6745-7 Advanced Oxidation Processes for Emerging Contaminant Removal Dionysios (Dion) Demetriou Dionysiou, Yujue Wang and Huijiao Wang (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-0365-6611-5 (Hbk) ; ISBN 978-3-0365-6610-8 (PDF) DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-6610-8 Plateau Lake Water Quality and Eutrophication: Status and Challenges Hucai Zhang, Jingan Chen and G.D. Haffner (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-0365-6465-4 (Hbk) ; ISBN 978-3-0365-6464-7 (PDF) DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-6464-7 Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Treatment with a Focus on Water-Reuse Martin Wagner and Sonja Bauer (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-0365-6256-8 (Hbk) ; ISBN 978-3-0365-6255-1 (PDF) DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-6255-1 Soil Hydrological Processes in Desert Regions Ying Zhao, Jianguo Zhang, Jianhua Si, Jie Xue and Zhongju Meng (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-0365-6312-1 (Hbk) ; ISBN 978-3-0365-6311-4 (PDF) DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-6311-4 To access the full list of books, please click here

"..I am inclined to believe that if there can be a meaningful human right to any material thing, surely it starts with access to minimum clean freshwater. ”
- Steven Solomon - Water:The Epic Struggle for Wealth, Power, and Civilization